Geodesy and Gravity
Class Notes
John Wahr
Department of PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, CO 80309SamizdatPress
Published by the Samizdat PressCenter for Wave PhenomenaDepartment of GeophysicsColorado School of MinesGolden, Colorado 80401andNew England Research76 Olcott DriveWhite River Junction, Vermont 05001
c
Samizdat Press, 1996
Release 1.1, July 1996Samizdat Press publications are available via FTPfrom landau.mines.edu or 138.67.12.78.Or via the WWW from http://landau.mines.edu/˜samizdatPermission is given to freely copy these documents.
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Geodesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 Course Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Observational Techniques 5
2.1 Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1.1 Gravity meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1.2 Pendulums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.3 Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.1.4 LaCoste-Romberg Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.1.5 Superconducting Gravimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2 Relative Gravity at Sea and on Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.3 Free Fall Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.3.1 Launch Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.3.1.1 Advantages over free-fall-only instruments . . . . . . . . 192.3.1.2 Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4 Free-Fall-only Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4.1 Uncertainty in
λ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.4.2 Electronic counting and timing errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.4.3 Ground Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.4.4 Non-gravitational forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23i
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