2.

0 ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

2.1

1. Define ethics.
o Refers to the study of moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding what is right and
wrong.

2. Engineering ethics is an applied form of ethical standards which apply to any engineer. Why is
it important for engineers?
I. To maintain personal integrity.
II. To maintain public respect and trust.
III. To avoid legal problem (criminal and civil right)

3. Differentiate between legal and ethic.

Legal standard Ethical standard

Defined by legal body, determine what the law is Exist independently of any particular group of
and who should obey it. experts.

4. List three (3) the obligations of an engineer.

I. Society.
II. Employers and clients
III. Other engineers

5. Describe how the engineer obligation to society, employer and clients and to other engineers.
a) The engineer’s obligation to society:
I. Responsibility to public welfare.
II. Shall approve only those designs that safeguard the life, health, welfare and
property of the public.
III. Notify the client and authority if judgment is overruled resulting in danger to the
life, health, welfare, and property of public.
IV. Shall be objective and truthful in professional reports.
V. Shall not express a professional opinion publicly unless it is based upon knowledge
of the facts and competent evaluation.
VI. Shall not associate in business ventures with persons engaging in dishonest,
fraudulent, or illegal business practice.
VII. Shall provide pertinent information and assist the state board if has knowledge of a
possible violation of any of the rules listed.

b) The engineer’s obligation to employer and client:

I. Shall not undertake technical assignments for which they are not qualified by
education or experience.

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 2.0 ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

II. Shall approve or seal only those plans or design that deal with subjects in which they
are competent.
III. Engineer may coordinate an entire project provided that each design component is
signed or sealed.
IV. Shall not reveal (sembunyikan) professional information without prior consent,
except when required by law.
V. Shall not solicit (mengumpul) or accept valuable considerations from contractors.
(Rasuah)
VI. Shall disclose to their employers or clients potential of interest.
VII. Shall not accept compensation from more than one party for services on one project
unless the details are fully disclosed and agreed.
VIII. To avoid conflict of interest, engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a
governmental body on which a principal or officer of the firm serves as a member.

c) Engineer’s obligation to other engineers:

I. Shall not misrepresent or permit misrepresentation of their associate’s academic or
professional qualifications.
II. Shall not give, solicit, or receive any gifts or commission in order to obtain work.
III. Shall not attempt to injure, maliciously or falsely, directly or indirectly, the
professional reputations, prospects, practice or employment of other engineers.

2.2

6. List and describe five (5) tenets of code of professional conduct.

a) Engineer shall at all times hold paramount of the safety, health and welfare of the
public.
Jurutera perlu setiap masa memegang kepentingan terhadap keselamatan, kesihatan, dan
kesejahteraan masyarakat.

i. If an engineer judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or

property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as
may be appropriate.
Jika penilaian yang dibuat oleh jurutera mendapati ada sebarang bahaya terhadap
nyawa dan harta benda, ia harus memaklumkannya kepada pelanggan mereka dan
pihak berkuasa.

ii. Engineer shall approve only those engineering documents that are conformity
with applicable standards.
Jurutera hanya perlu mengesahkan dokumen kejuruteraanyang sesuai dengan standard
berkenaan sahaja.

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 2.0 ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

iii. Engineers shall not reveal facts, data or information without the prior consent of
the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Code.
Jurutera tidak akan mendedahkan fakta, data atau maklumat tanpa kelulusan daripada
pelanggan atau majikan kecuali dibenarkan atau dikehendaki oleh undang-undang atau
kod etika ini.

iv. Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business
ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in dishonest
enterprise.
Jurutera tidak akan membenarkan penggunaan nama mereka dalam perniagaan
dengan individu atau syarikat yang mereka percaya terlibat dalam syarikat yang tidak
jujur.

v. Engineers shall not aid or abet the unlawful practice of engineering by a person
or firm.
Jurutera tidak akan membantu dan bersekongkol individu dan syarikat yang terlibat
dengan amalan yang menyalahi undang-undang kejuruteraan.

vi. Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report
there on to appropriate professional bodies and cooperate with the proper
authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required.
Jurutera yang mempunyai pengetahuan mengenai akibat daripada pelanggaran
terhadap Kod Etika ini haruslah melaporkan atasnya untuk badan-badan professional
yang bersesuaian dan bekerjasama dengan pihak yang berwenang dalam pemberian
maklumat atau bantuan yang mungkin diperlukan.

b) Engineer shall perform their services only in the area of their competence.
Jurutera hanya melaksanakan perkhidmatan mereka hanya di dalam bidang kemahiran mereka.

i. Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or

experience in the specific technical fields involved.
Jurutera akan melaksanakan tugas hanya apabila mempunyai kelayakan melalui
pendidikan atau pengalaman dalam bidang teknikal tertentu yang terlibat.

ii. Engineers shall not affix their signature to any plans or documents dealing with
subject matter in which they lack competence, nor to any plan or document not
prepared under their direction and control.
Jurutera tidak akan menurunkan tandatangan mereka untuk rancangan atau dokumen
yang berkaitan dengan isi kandunagnyang mereka kurang mahir.

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iii. Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of
an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire
project, provided that each technical segments is signed and sealed only by the
qualified engineers who prepared the segment.
Jurutera boleh menerima tugas dan tanggungjawab untuk menyelaraskan projek secara
keseluruhan dan menandatangani dan cap dokumen teknikal untuk semua projek,
dengan syarat-syarat bahawa setiap segmen teknikal hanya ditandatangani dan
dihasilkan oleh para jurutera berkualiti yang menyiapkan segmen.

c) Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
Jurutera harus mengeluarkan kenyataan awam hanya secara objektif dan benar.

i. Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or

testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such
reports, statements or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it
was current.
  Jurutera harus objektif dan jujur dalam laporan profesional, kenyataan, atau kesaksian.
Mereka harus merangkumi semua maklumat yang relevan dan yang berkaitan dalam
laporan tersebut, kenyataan atau kesaksian, yang harus menanggung tarikh perlu
menunjukkan masa tersebut.

ii. Engineers may express public technical opinions that are founded upon
knowledge the facts and competence in the subject matter.
Jurutera dapat menjelaskan pendapat teknikal secara umum yang diperolehi daripada
pengetahuan fakta dan kemahiran dalam suatu subjek.

iii. Engineers shall issue no statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical

matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties.
Jurutera tidak menerbitkan laporan, kritikan, atau perbalahan mengenai isu-isu teknikal
yang tercetus atau dibayar oleh pihak yang berkepentingan.

d) Engineer shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
Jurutera harus bertindak untuk setiap majikan atau pelanggan sebagai agen yang setia atau
dipercayai.

i. Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could
influence their judgment or the quality of their service.
Jurutera perlu menjelaskan semua yang dikenali atau berpotensi membawa konflik yang
boleh menjejaskan penilaian mereka atau kualiti perkhidmatan mereka.

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 2.0 ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

ii. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more
than one party for services on the same project, unless the circumstances are
fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.
Jurutera tidak akan menerima pampasan, kewangan atau sebaliknya, dari lebih dari
satu pihak untuk perkhidmatan di projek yang sama, kecuali keadaan sepenuhnya
didedahkan dan diluluskan oleh semua pihak yang berkepentingan.

iii. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration,
directly or indirectly, from outside agents in connection with the work for which
they are responsible.
Jurutera tidak akan meminta atau menerima pertimbangan berharga kewangan atau
lain, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, daripada wakil di luar berhubung dengan
pekerjaan yang mereka bertanggung jawab .

iv. Engineers in public service as members or employees of governmental body or

department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or
provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering
practice.
Jurutera dalam perkhidmatan awam sebagai ahli atau pegawai badan kerajaan atau
jabatan tidak akan menyertai dalam membuat keputusan berhubung dengan
perkhidmatan yang diminta atau disediakan oleh mereka atau organisasi mereka secara
peribadi atau amalan kejuruteraan awam.

v. Engineer shall not accept a contract from a governmental body on which a

principal or officer of their organization serves as a member.
Jurutera tidak akan menerima kontrak daripada sebuah badan kerajaan dimana pelaku
atau pegawai organisasi tersebut merupakan sahabat kepadanya.

e) Engineer shall conduct himself honorably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to

enhance the honor, reputation and usefulness of the profession.
Jurutera harus mengawal diri sendiri secara terhormat, bertanggungjawab, beretika dan sah
sehingga mencapai peningkatan penghormatan, reputasi dan kegunaan profession.

i. Engineer shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their

or their associates’ qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate
their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments.
Jurutera tidak akan memalsukan kelayakan mereka atau membenarkan mereka keliru
atau kelayakan rakan mereka. Mereka tidak akan menggambarkan diri atau membesar-
besarkan tanggung jawab mereka dalam atau subjek tugas dahulu.

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 2.0 ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

ii. Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment

shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, or past
accomplishments.
Brosur atau perbentangan lain insiden tersebut kepada permohonan kerja yang tidak
akan menggambarkan fakta-fakta yang bersangkutan tentang pengusaha, pekerja,
atau prestasi masa lalu.

iii. Engineers shall not offer, solicit or receive, either directly or indirectly, any
contribution to influence the award of a contract by the public authority, or
which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent
to influencing the awarding of a contract.
Jurutera tidak akan menawarkan, meminta atau menerima, baik secara langsung atau
tidak langsung, apapun sumbangan untuk mempengaruhi pemberian kontrak oleh pihak
berkuasa awam, atau yang patut ditafsirkan oleh masyarakat mempunyai pengaruh
niat untuk mempengaruhi pemberian kontrak
.
iv. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure
work. They shall not pay a commission, percentage, or brokerage fee in order to
secure work.
Mereka tidak akan menawarkan pemberian atau pertimbangan berharga lain untuk
menjamin kerja. Mereka tidak akan membayar yuran, peratusan, atau kos broker untuk
bekerja dalam.

2.3

7. State the general codes of ethics

i. Be fair and loyal to those around you
ii. Place public need ahead of all other responsibilities.
iii. Act with honor and integrity.
iv. Promote engineering and dissuade detractors.
v. Don’t express opinions that are not well supported technically.
vi. Display professional credentials.
vii. Disclose any interests that might be interpreted as prejudicial in making decisions.
viii. When employed, disclose any other employment and ensure that professional
standards don’t decline.
ix. Cooperate with other professionals when working on common projects.
x. Act with courtesy and good faith.
xi. Do not secretly review the work of another engineer, unless they have been terminated.
xii. Avoid malicious damage of other professionals.
xiii. Don’t give/get commissions to get work.
xiv. Fair pay for work to advance the profession.
xv. Advance the profession through enabling and supporting others.
xvi. Disclose misconduct, unethical/unprofessional behavior, etc. when called to do so.

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8. BEM code of ethics DO’s and DONT’s (in general)

a) DO’s
i. An engineer’s must have knowledge of the Code of Conduct of Engineers.
ii. An engineer must understand the need for responsibility and liability (kewajipan) as
stipulate (diaturkan) in the Code of Conduct.
iii. An engineer must respond promptly to complaints and enquiries (pertanyaan) by
clients/authorities.

b) DONT’s
i. An engineer should not solicit/tout.
ii. An engineer should not knowingly mislead the public by giving misrepresented
information so as to gain commercial advantage/mileage.
iii. An engineer should not respond to an open advertisement to bid for provision of
professional service if such provision for the service requires bidding fees or
equivalent as is usually imposed on contractors.
iv. An engineer should avoid favoritism among vendors and other suppliers.
9. With reference to B.E.M. Act 138: Registration of Engineers, a standard guide lines are set out
under number of brond areas relating to the engineering profession.

a) List DO’s and DONT’s related to registration.

I. DO’s
- An engineer graduate with accredited engineering degree must register
with BEM to take up employment as an engineer.
II. DONT’s
- An engineer should not be the Submitting Person for designs beyond his/her
area of competency.
- An engineer should not endorse his PE Stamp and sign on reports or plans
not prepared by him.
- An Engineering Consultancy Practice should not provide professional service
in any branch of engineering where none of its directors are registered to
practice in that branch of engineering.
- An engineer must not practice in the branch of engineering he is not
registered in.
- An engineer should not enter into partnership with any party not permitted
under the Engineers Act.

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b) List DO’s and DONT’s under consultancy

I. DO’s
- A checker engineer must be open to the views and design concept of the
original designer and in areas of disagreement, the checker must give
justification for his disagreement.
- A checker engineer should take full responsibility for the checking of the
work himself.
- An engineer should undertake continuing professional development to
enhance his knowledge and capability.
- An employer engineer should ensure that his employee engineers are bona
fide engineers registered with BEM.
- An engineer should report unethical practice to BEM.
- An engineer who is a Submitting Person must ensure the accuracy of and be
responsible for all works delegated to others by him.
- An engineer should make optimum use of manpower, materials and money.
- An engineer should be aware of Government requirement to use local
materials, wherever possible.

II. DONT’s
- A checker engineer should not accept checking of work not within his area
of competency as well as work that he is not.
- Familiar with.
- An engineering consultant should not carry out projects for fees below the
minimum outlined in the scale of fees.
- An engineer should not endorse any work not performed and/or supervised
by him.
- An engineer should not compromise on public safety.
- An engineer should not offer his opinion on engineering matters unless he
has full facts to support the opinion.
- An engineer should not base his design on unsubstantiated data, for
example designing foundation without soil investigation.
- An engineer should not have any conflict of interest whatsoever in
connection with the work he is undertaking unless prior approval from BEM
and client are obtained.
- An engineer should not accept work outside his regular work without the
expressed permission of his employer.

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c) List DO’s and DON’T’s under supervision

I. DO’s
- An engineer who is the Submitting Person should be responsible for the
project regardless of whether it is self-supervised and/or delegated
supervision.
- An engineer must be meticulously proper and correct in certification of
works.
- An engineer must be familiar with and knowledgeable in the work he is to
supervise.
- An employer engineer shall ensure that his staff undergoes regular and
proper skills-training.
- An engineer supervising a project shall keep proper records of all
documents and correspondence pertaining to the project.
- An engineer must be conversant with time and cost implications in the
issuance of any instruction.

II. DONT’s
- An engineer must not over or under certify progress of works.
- An engineer must not make wrongful certifications.
- An engineer must not certify work not within his expertise.
- An engineer must not accept site supervisory staff who are not qualified or
are incompetent.
- An engineer must not delay approvals without justification (sebab yg
munasabah).
- An engineer must not intentionally delay inspection of works.

d) List DO’s and DONT’s under regulatory requirement

I. DO’s
- An engineer should notify the relevant authorities (within
reasonable/statutory time limit) on changes in designs or withdrawal of
services.
- An engineer should submit completed forms in time for inspection and
approval for Certificate of Fitness/Certificate of Completion and
Compliance.
- An engineer should be aware of environmental, health and safety matters
during and after construction.
- An engineer should ensure that environmental, health and safety measures
are implemented as per drawings and specifications.

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II. DONT’s
- An engineer should not follow works to proceed before plans are submitted
to and/or approved by relevant authorities.
- An engineer should not undertake a project for which the client is not going
to fulfill statutory requirements.

2.4

10. What is Act 138?

o An Act to provide for the registration of Engineers and purpose connected therewith.

11. Board Engineering of Malaysia (BEM) is a body constitute under Registration Act 1967. List
the objectives of BEM.

I. To enforce the implementation of Continuing Professional Development (CPD).

II. To add more function to advise the Government & Public.
III. To strengthen the penalty.
IV. To strengthen the suspension period.
V. Introduction of new Part that deals with the establishment, powers & conduct of
proceedings of a Disciplinary Committee.
VI. Action on submitting engineer related to CCC or others.
VII. Impose additional conditions to ensure engineers follow latest developments.

12. List the functions of BEM according to Section 4 of the Registration of Engineers Act 1967

I. Maintain the Register

II. Process Applications for Registration
III. Assessment of Academic Qualifications
IV. Regulate the Conduct and Ethics of the Engineering Profession
V. Disputes on Professional Conduct and Ethics
VI. Fix the Scale of Fees
VII. Stakeholder
VIII. Publication
IX. Promotion of Continued Learning and Education

13. The Board shall keep and maintain a Register which shall be in five Parts:
Part A - which shall contain the names, addresses and other particulars of Professional
Engineers.
Part B - which shall contain the names, addresses and other particulars of Graduate Engineers.
Part C - which shall contain the names, addresses and other particulars of Temporary Engineers.
Part D - which shall contain the names, addresses and other particulars of Engineering
consultancy practices.
Part E - which shall contain the names, addresses and other particulars of Accredited Checkers.

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14. “Temporary Engineer” means a person registered under section 10A.

What should a foreign engineer considered for registration as a Temporary Engineer if he

satisfies the Board?

I. Possesses the necessary qualification which is recognized for the practice of engineering
as a professional engineer in the country where he normally practices; and
II. Possesses the necessary and his physical presence is he required in Malaysia for not less
than one hundred and eighty days in one calendar year or he is a resident
representative of the foreign component of joint-venture.

15. “ Accredited Checker” means a person registered under Section 10B

What is needed by The Board for register a person as an Accredited Checker?

I. He is a professional engineer registered in relevant branch of engineering approved by
the Board.
II. He at least 10 years relevant practice experience in the design and construction of
buildings as defined in the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 [Act 133].
III. He satisfies the Board that virtue of his ability, standing in the profession, special
knowledge or practical experience, he is qualified to be registered under this Act.

16. Define the categories of engineer below.

I. Graduate engineer – those who successfully completed an accredited engineering
program.
II. Professional engineer – a graduate engineer who has obtained the prescribed practical
experience, passed the Professional Assessment Examination, and satisfied all other
requirement of BEM.
III. Temporary Engineer – a foreign engineer who has satisfied all requirement of the BEM.
IV. Accredited Checker – a Professional Engineer who has min 10 years of relevant
experience and has satisfied all requirement of the BEM.

17. List the 10 generic attributes of a Graduate Engineer.

I. Ability to acquire and apply knowledge of science and engineering.
II. Acquired in-depth technical competence in a specific engineering discipline.
III. Ability to undertake problem identification, formulation and solution.
IV. Ability to utilize a systems approach to design and evaluate operational performance.
V. Understanding of the principles of design for sustainable development.
VI. Understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities and commitment to them.
VII. Ability to communicate effectively, not only with engineers but also with community at
large.
VIII. Ability to function effectively as an individual and in group with the capacity to be a
leader or manager.
IX. Understanding of the social, cultural, global and environmental responsibilities of a
professional engineer.
X. Recognizing the need to undertake life-long learning, and possessing/acquiring the
capacity to do so.

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18. List the BEM 17 board of members

I. President
II. 14 Professional Engineers from various sector:
- 5 from public sector. 
- 5 from private practice. 
- 2 from local authority or statutory authority. 
- 2 from private sector (full time employment).
III. 1 representative of the Board of Architects Malaysia.
IV. 1 representative of the Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia.

19. List 4 reasons why engineers should become registered as quickly as possible after graduate?

I. To obtain the practical before working in any organization.

II. To recognizes the code of ethics.
III. To be a graduate engineers in BEM.
IV. To submit the engineering skill and understanding the application of engineering
principles.

20. List the important of registration

I. No one can enforce the future course of one own career.

II. Register may become important in the future.
III. The change of mind and unexpected opportunity could arise which registration is
required.
IV. Engineers that had been registered will be recognizing as a real engineer.

21. List two (2) requirement of Act 1967 (Act 138) to be upheld at all times in engineering
profession.
I. Complementary function of IEM, BEM, ACEM, code of ethics.
II. Registration of professional Engineers.

2.5

22. Define sustainable engineering

o Ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes, function biodiversity and
productivity into the future.

23. In your opinion, why sustainability ideas are important to be implementary by engineers?
I. Ability to operate and act responsibly, taking account of need to progress
environmental, social and outcomes simultaneously.
II. Ability to use imagination, creativity and innovation to provide products and services
which maintain and enhance the quality of the environment and community, and meet
financial objective.
III. Understand and encourage stakeholder involvement.
*goreng

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24. List types of sustainable concept.

I. Sustainable cities
II. Sustainable agriculture
III. Sustainable architecture
IV. Sustainable engineering
V. Renewable energy

25. Draw the triangle of sustainability

26. Explain what will happen if one of the elements of the triangle is ignore by the engineers.
i. Environmental pollution.
ii.  Unbalanced ecosystem.
iii.  Frequently occurring natural disasters such as landslides, acid rain and so on.
iv. People living in unsafe condition.
v. Mineral resources such as coal, petroleum will be exhausted once thus will affect the
economy.
*goreng

27. List 5 principles of sustainability.

I. Protection of the environmental
II. Needs fairly and efficiently
III. Prudent use of natural resources
IV. Reduce dependence upon uses the underground material, fossil fuel and so on.

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