Definsi, Mechanism and Technical Propaganda Introduction by Asep Setiawan Every day people receive information from a variety of media channels, whether private or government property. Information received sometimes not examined again until directly absorbed as part of the truth. People sometimes do not have time to mencerna truth of the information so that what has been circulating in the media accepted as a truth. However, if viewed carefully, they release information that it has a number of objectives and motivations that are not yet known recipient of information. If people do not know the facts about the actual information that it will be very difficult to get the whole picture. For example, the government often broadcast news that aim to cover the error in the economic and political policies. As a result of the efforts that the community does not know completely what is happening in the country. The economic crisis that occurred after 1997 preceded the determination of the government on economic fundamentals sehatnya has brought national disaster. Various circles at the request of the government explain the real economic fundamentals. Demand is not serious but dibalas dealt with a variety of information that confirms the government's stance that Thailand's economic crisis spread to Indonesia welcome. This article will review the important one term in the world traffic information that is propaganda. First will be touched on the loose definition in the sense that what is called propaganda. Second, how to work or a propaganda mechanism in the food between countries. Third, how the techniques or the language used in propaganda. Definition of Propaganda, write Bruce L Smith in the Social Science Encyclopaedia as "relatively intentional manipulation by using symbols (words, attitudes, flag, image, music or monuments) thoughts or actions against other people with the target of beliefs, values and behavior. Following day to distinguish propaganda and manipulation of communication or exchange ideas freely. This also distinguishes the flow of information through education. Propagandist arguments that have been set or a single set of symbols, while educators provide "all" of a side issue and let pendengarnya decide on kebenara of what is presented. 1   Also written as propaganda by the Encyclopedia Britanica (1997) in the definition of modern appear Conggregatio de Propaganda FIDE (People for the Invite to islamhadhari.com This domain), the committee remains the cardinal responsible for the activities of Roman Catholic misionairs since 1622. Provide an understanding of other Communist propaganda about this. Lenin writing in the collection published in 1929 titled years Agitation und Propaganda. In the book, which is intended to base arguments on the communists and practice it, to distinguish between Lenin (1) propaganda, which is defined as the arguments rationally thought of philosophy, history and science to affect people educated and clever enough, and (2) agitasi understood that the use of sloganslogan emotional, half-truth, expressions to affect people who are not educated, half-educated and intelligent kuran. Mechanism Propaganda Propaganda is a difficult action that is touched. To see the propaganda mechanism in the country level (state) KJ Holsti in International Politics: A Framework for Analysis (1992) elucidate two models of a propaganda. A country in the interaction with other countries is shared. Mempengarui to another country, a country through propaganda through kelopok-social groups or organizations in the country so that the targets. With the propaganda that community groups can be urgent for governments to change policies desired by the countries that make propaganda. This mechanism shows a process of propaganda is not direct a team where certain propagandistic countries aim target groups or community organizations to become a medium for the purpose propagandanya. This can be described in the scheme are as follows: Government and the State B attitude or action desired A A State To influence the attitudes and actions Groups and organizations 2   The process of propaganda among the countries that do not presuppose the existence of action from the state B propaganda against the country B. In practice, countries or communities B will take action against the country A. Or people may also make a direct impact on the country propanda B. Holsti depict the propaganda model of the two is as follows: Trying to influence policy Government and the State A Government and the State B The influence of the policy change Ethnic groups, religion, language, politics A State Influence the attitudes and actions Various organizations and groups Country B 3   In the second model assumed that the various social groups want to influence the country a country B through groups and organizations in the country B. Expected to affect various groups of the B B can encourage the government to change policy towards countries A. B If the government encourage a change in the country and the state government is expected to also be a menguah sole discretion of the various groups and organizations in their own countries. Even in the case of certain groups in the country to make a propaganda directly to the state government and that B to encourage policies to a changed country. The same group carried out the country B participating organizations to encourage the process of propaganda to the state A. The second model departs from the case in South Africa where kelompokkelompok with black ethnic groups to encourage countries B memihaknya pressing the government to B hit countries are adopting apartheid. Even groups of black propaganda to directly conduct B countries as well as social groups that made the group affected countries took a direct encourage countries and governments A. Propaganda techniques for conducting the process, a number of propaganda techniques that were targeted. Holsti noted a number of techniques to convey the message. 1. Name-Calling. Propagandistic touches emotional symbols to a person or a country. The target is expected to respond according to the desired propagandist, without the need to check again or find the evidence. Thus the propagandist to reinforce such stereotypes The stereotypical sasarannya.Dalam this term appears to be communist "red", labor leaders to "union boss" and click on a constitutional government by the government. 2. Glittering Generality This is similar to the technique first, but the number is used to describe an idea or policy rather than individuals. The term "free world" (free world) is the favorite propagandist generalitas West. While the "socialist solidarity," the communists used to describe the complex relationship between state and the communist party. Meanwhile, the "soul of Africa" (the African soul) is expected to construct the image of strength and unity. 3. Transfer Porpagandis trying to identify an idea, private, state or other policy matters with the target to make propaganda agree or not 4   agree. One way is to hatred against religious people's attitudes that equates with the communist atheism. Communist usually equate with the capitalist decadence (decline) and anti-Semitic with the hope of creating public support because it equates Jews with the communists. 4. Plain folks propagandist aware that their problems hampered if they appear in the eyes audiensnya as "foreigners". Therefore, they try to identify close as possible with the values and lifestyle propaganda target by using slang, local accents and idioms. 5. Testimonial Here propagandistic use personal or institutions that can be trusted to support or criticize an idea or political unity. Variations of this propaganda is "linking with the authority have / power" where the targets of propaganda will believe anything because of something that has "authority" it said. 6. Selection Almost all propagandist even when using other techniques such as the previously reviewed depending on the selection of facts, although very rarely remember specific in content. When given a detailed presentation, propagandistic use only facts that are available to "prove" that has been the target ditentukannya. 7. Bandwagon This technique plays feelings with the audience for this massa.Teknik similar testimonials, but so massalah the way to attract attention. For example propagandist communist ungkapakn often use "the whole world know that ...." Or "all the people who love peace, acknowledge that ... ..." Or "all the progressive community demands that ... ...." This technique targets as placing minority, so that when they refused to be joined with the majority. Or if they target aka sympathy to reinforce them with the attitude that they have mendemontrasikan in the "correct" along with other people. 8. Frustration Scapegoat One easy way to create hatred, or distributing the frustration is creating black sheep. Regime-revolutionary regime is faced with economic and social ketidapastian internal and frustration people often create a "ghost" internal or external to channel the people's suffering. One example is the popular myth that Hitler created 5   problems in the country and abroad because of the German Jewish reconcile with the communists. 9. Fear Awareness can be revived and attitudes changed when audiences are made aware of the obstacles or the nearest threat to life and their welfare. At the time of international crisis, the government aktiv in mobilizing the people express their solidarity when faced with enemies. The nuclear threat is used to encourage arms control and removal. While the damage to ecological concerns will generate awareness of environmental issues. In short, the cover can be known that propaganda is an action manipulatif to influence decisions or individual behavior or other countries. Matt mechanism in the international propaganda held in a complex process. The development of information technology causes the propaganda more often occur with a variety of channels. Similarly tekniktenik developed more propaganda from the policies that have been done by ordinary folk propagandist .*** Reader list Britanica Encyclopedia, a CD version of the 1997 Holsti, KJ, International Politics: A Framework for Analysis. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1992. Couloumbis, Theodore and James H. Wolfe. Introduction to International Relations: Power and Justice. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1978. Susanto. Dr Astrid, Public Opinion. Bandung, Binacipta, 1975. 6