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expressions
Contents
Muscle.
Muscle classification.
Structure of a muscle.
Face.
Skin fascia.
various expressions of the face.
Muscles involved in facial expression.
Nerve supply.
Lymphatic drainage.
Blood supply.
Applied anatomy.
Conclusion
Muscle
- Muscle- latin word musculus.
Muscle tissue has two important properties:
- contractility.
- conductivity.
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES
DEPENDING UPON STRIATION:
a)striated b)nonstriated
- Auricularis anterior.
- Auricularis superior.
- Auricularis posterior.
Muscles of the eyelids:
- Orbicularis oculi.
- Corrugator supercilii.
- levator palpebrae superioris.
muscles of the nose:
- Procerus.
- Nasalis.
- depressor septi.
Muscles around the mouth:
- Oribicularis oris.
- Levator labii superioris alequae nasi.
- Zygomaticus major.
- Levator labii superioris.
- Zygomaticus minor.
- Depressor anguli oris.
- Depressor labii inferioris.
- Risorius.
- Buccinator.
Muscles of the neck:
- platysma.
FUNCTIONS
Most of these muscles may be regarded primarily
as regulators of the three openings situated on
the face, namely
- palpebral fissure.
- nostrils.
- oral fissure.
Each opening has a single sphinter and variable
number of dilators.
Sphincters are naturally circular.
Dilators are radial in their arrangments.
The better developed around the eyes and mouth
than around nose.
FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS
Smiling
Laughing
Sadness
Grief
Anger
Frowning
Horror, terror and fright
Doubt
Grinning
Contempt
Closing the mouth
whistling
MUSCLES OF SCALP
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
Two bellies – occipitalis.
- frontalis.
ORIGIN: occipitalis: Arises from lateral 2/3
rds of the superior nuchal lines.
frontalis: araises from the skin of
the forehead, mingling orbicularis oculi and
corrugator supercilli.
INSERTION: both are inserted into the
epineurosis.
OCCIPITO FRONTALIS
Nerves supply:
Occipitalis: Posterior auricular branch of
facial nerve.
Frontalis: Temporal branch of facial nerve
ACTION:
Raises the eyebrows and causes horizontal
wrinkles in the skin of forehead.
Muscles of the
auricle
Auricularis anterior muscle:
Streches between the
epicranial aponeurosis and
helix.
Auricularis superior:
Arises from epicranial
aponeurosis and is attached to
the upper part of internal
surface of the auricle.
Auricularis posterior:
Streches between the
mastoid process and posterior
aspect of the internal surface
of the pinna.
Muscles around the
eyelids
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oculi: It is a broad, flat elliptical muscle which
surrounds circumference of orbit & spreads in to eye lids,
anterior temporal region, infraorbital, cheek & superciliary
region.
It has orbital, lacrimal & palpebral part.
Orbicularis oculi
Orbital part: Orbital part arises
from nasal part of frontal bone,
frontal process of maxilla &
medial palpebral ligament.
Insertion: Concentric rings return
to the point of origin.
Action: Closes lid tightly;
wrinkling; protects eye from
bright light.
Orbicularis oculi
Palpebral Part: This part is
thinner & paler than orbital
part. It arises from medial
palpebral ligament, chiefly
from superficial part but also
from deeper surface. It also
arises from the bone
immediately above & below
the ligament.
Insertion: It gets inserted in to
lateral palpebral raphe.
Action: closes lid gently,
blinking.
Orbicularis oculi
Lacrimal Part: It is present lateral & deep to lacrimal sac.
Origin: Arises from lacrimal fascia & lacrimal bone.
Insertion: Upper & lower eye lids.
Action: Dilates lacrimal sac; directs lacrimal puncta in to
lacus lacrimalis; supports the lower lid.
Orbicularis occuli
Nerve Supply: Orbicularis occuli is supplied by temporal
& zygomatic branches of facial nerve.
Corrugator Supercilii
It is a small pyramidal muscle located at medial end of
each eyebrow, deep to frontal part of Occipitofrontalis &
orbicularis occuli with which is partly blended.
Origin: Medial end of superciliary arch.
Insertion: Skin of mid-eyebrow
Corrugator Supercilii
Corrugator Supercilii
Action: Vertical lines
on forehead:
frowning.
Nerve Supply: It is
supplied by temporal
branches of facial
nerve.
Levator Palpebral
Superioris
Origin: Arises from under
surface of lesser wing of
sphenoid at the apex of roof
of orbit.
Insertion: Anterior end of
muscle forms a ribbon like
tendon projected on each
side in to a pair of
crescentric horn. This broad
tendon is inserted in to
superior tarsal plate. In front
a flange penetrates the
orbital septum & palpebral
muscle to become attached
to skin of upper lid, while
behind a weaker flange is
attached to the superior
fornix of the conjunctiva.
Levator Palpebral
Superioris
Nerve Supply: By the
superior division of
occulomotar nerve.
Action: Muscle
opens eye by
elevating upper lid.
Muscles of nose
Nasalis
Consists of transverse & alar part. Transverse part
arises from maxilla just lateral to nasal notch. Alar
part arises from maxilla below & medial to
transverse part with which it partly merges.
Action: Transverse part of Nasalis
compresses the nasal aperture at the junction of
vestibule with the nasal cavity, alar part assists in
widening of anterior nasal aperture.
Nasal Muscles
DEPRESSOR SEPTI
Part of dilator naris.
Arises from maxilla above central incisor tooth &
ascends to attach at mobile part of nasal septum.
Action: Co-operates with alar part of nasalis to
widen the nasal aperture
Nasal Muscles
Procerus
It is a small pyramidal slip close to & often
partially blended with the medial side of the
frontal part of the Occipitofrontalis. It arises from
facial aponeurosis covering lower part of nasal
bone & upper part of nasal cartilage.
Insertion: It is inserted into skin over the lower
part of forehead between eyebrows.
Nasal Muscles
Procerus
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