Linux From Scratch
Version 4.0
Gerard Beekmans
Copyright © 1999−2002 by Gerard BeekmansThis book describes the process of creating a Linux system from scratch, using nothing but the sources of therequired software.Copyright (c) 1999−2002, Gerard BeekmansAll rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided thatthe following conditions are met:Redistributions in any form must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and thefollowing disclaimer.
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Neither the name of "Linux From Scratch" nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorseor promote products derived from this material without specific prior written permission.
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Any material derived from Linux From Scratch must contain a reference to the "Linux From Scratch"project.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSEARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FORANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS ORSERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVERCAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USEOF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Dedication
This book is dedicated to my loving and supportive wife
Beverly Beekmans
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Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................................1
1. Foreword..............................................................................................................................................12. Who would wantto read this book......................................................................................................13. Who would not want to read this book................................................................................................24. Organization.........................................................................................................................................24.1. Part I − Introduction...................................................................................................................24.2.Part II − Installation of the base LFS system.............................................................................24.3. Part III − Appendixes.................................................................................................................3
I. Part I − Introduction.......................................................................................................................................4Chapter 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
1.1. Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................51.2. How thingsare going to bedone......................................................................................................61.3. Conventions used in this book..........................................................................................................71.4. Book version.....................................................................................................................................71.5. Mirror sites........................................................................................................................................81.5.1. HTTPMirrors..........................................................................................................................81.5.2. FTP Mirrors.............................................................................................................................81.6. Changelog.........................................................................................................................................91.7. Mailing lists and archives...............................................................................................................141.7.1. lfs−support.............................................................................................................................141.7.2. lfs−dev...................................................................................................................................151.7.3. lfs−announce.........................................................................................................................151.7.4. lfs−security............................................................................................................................151.7.5. lfs−book.................................................................................................................................151.7.6. lfs−chat..................................................................................................................................151.7.7. alfs−discuss...........................................................................................................................151.7.8. blfs−dev.................................................................................................................................151.7.9. blfs−book...............................................................................................................................161.7.10. blfs−support.........................................................................................................................161.7.11. Mail archives.......................................................................................................................161.7.12. How to post to a list.............................................................................................................161.7.13. How to subscribe?...............................................................................................................161.7.14. How to unsubscribe?...........................................................................................................171.7.15. Other list modes...................................................................................................................171.7.16. Digests.................................................................................................................................171.7.17. Vacation...............................................................................................................................181.8. News server.....................................................................................................................................181.9. FAQ................................................................................................................................................181.10. Contact information......................................................................................................................18
Chapter 2. Important information..................................................................................................................19
2.1. About $LFS.....................................................................................................................................192.2. About SBUs....................................................................................................................................192.3. Where to store the downloaded software........................................................................................202.4. How to install the software.............................................................................................................202.5. Which Platform?.............................................................................................................................21
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Tableof Contents
Chapter 2. Important information
2.6. How to ask forhelp.........................................................................................................................212.6.1. Things to mention..................................................................................................................222.6.2. Configure problems...............................................................................................................222.6.3. Compile problems.................................................................................................................22
II. Part II − Installing the LFS system............................................................................................................24Chapter 3. Packages that need to be downloaded..........................................................................................27
3.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................273.2. Packages that need to be downloaded.............................................................................................27
Chapter 4. Preparing anew partition.............................................................................................................34
4.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................344.2. Creating a new partition..................................................................................................................344.3. Creating a file system on the new partition....................................................................................344.4. Mounting the new partition.............................................................................................................35
Chapter 5. Preparing the LFS system.............................................................................................................36
5.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................365.2. Why do weuse static linking?........................................................................................................365.3. Creating the $LFS/static directory..................................................................................................375.4. Install all software as an unprivileged user.....................................................................................375.5. Installing Bash−2.05a.....................................................................................................................385.5.1. Installation of Bash................................................................................................................385.5.2. Command explanations.........................................................................................................395.5.3. Contentsof Bash...................................................................................................................395.5.4. Bash Installation Dependencies.............................................................................................405.6. Installing Binutils−2.13..................................................................................................................405.6.1. Installation of Binutils...........................................................................................................405.6.2. Command explanations.........................................................................................................415.6.3. Contentsof Binutils...............................................................................................................415.6.4. Binutils Installation Dependencies........................................................................................435.7. Installing Bzip2−1.0.2.....................................................................................................................435.7.1. Installation of Bzip2..............................................................................................................445.7.2. Command explanations.........................................................................................................445.7.3. Contentsof Bzip2..................................................................................................................445.7.4. Bzip2 Installation Dependencies...........................................................................................455.8. Installing Diffutils−2.8.1.................................................................................................................455.8.1. Installation of Diffutils..........................................................................................................455.8.2. Command explanations.........................................................................................................465.8.3. Contentsof Diffutils..............................................................................................................465.8.4. Diffutils Installation Dependencies.......................................................................................465.9. Installing Fileutils−4.1....................................................................................................................475.9.1. Installation of Fileutils...........................................................................................................475.9.2. Command explanations.........................................................................................................475.9.3. Contents of Fileutils..............................................................................................................475.9.4. Fileutils Installation Dependencies.......................................................................................50
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