Charts And Graphs

Gaurav Kumar
 Where Does the Information Come From?

• A question is asked.

What kind of ice cream does

everyone like in our class?
 How Is the Information
Gathered?
• A survey is made.
Chocolate 1111 1
Vanilla 111
Strawberry 1111
Mint & Chip 1111 11
Rocky Road 11
Bubble Gum 1
 How Is the Information
Presented?
• A bar graph is made.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Chocolat Vanilla Strawberr Mint & C Rocky R Bubble G

Students
 How Is the Information
Presented?
• A pie chart is made.
Bubble Gum
Rocky Road
Chocolate

Mint & Chip

Vanilla

Strawberry
Sometimes, Tables can be confusing
A Graph can paint a clearer picture
 Power of charts
• Why use charts and graphs?
– Gives reader a compact and structured synthesis
– Many details can be shown in a small area
– Gives an immediate depiction of the differences and
patterns in a set of data
– Reader can see immediately major similarities and
differences without having to compare and
interpret figures
 Main Purpose
• The main purpose of graphs is to visually impart
information that cannot be easily read from a data
table.
• It would be very difficult to readily ‘see’ trends and
contrasts in a tables having many data points.
Essential Information
 Bar Chart

• A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular

bars with lengths proportional to the values that they
represent. The bars can also be plotted horizontally.
• Simple to create and easy to interpret
• Bar charts are used for plotting discrete (or
'discontinuous') data i.e. data which has discrete values
and is not continuous.
 Bar Chart (Example)

Vertical Bar Chart Horizontal Bar Chart

Normally, we use horizontal bar chart when there are

• variable values with long name
• many variables
 Group bar chart and Stacked bar chart

Group Bar Chart Stacked Bar Chart

Group bar chart – easy to compare the different categories with one another
Stacked bar chart – Total value of categories are easily visible
Bar Graph (Example)

Is it a good graph?
Bar Graph (Example)

Is it a good graph?
 Pros and Cons
Advantages Disadvantages
• Visually strong • Graph categories can be
• Can easily compare two or reordered to emphasize
three data sets certain effects
• Use only with discrete data
 Histogram
• Histogram is a bar graph that shows the
frequency of data within equal intervals.
• When data is
– Continuous
• a mass, height, volume, time etc
• There is no space in between the bars.
 The table below shows the number of hours students
watch TV in one week Make a histogram of all the data.

Number of hours of TV

III 6 II 1

IIII - IIII 7 IIII 2

III 8 IIII - IIII 3

IIII 9 IIII - I 4

IIII - III 5
 Hours of Television
Watched

20

Number of students
16
12

8
4

0
1-3 4-6 7-9
Hours
 ADVANTAGES
• Histograms are useful if we are trying to graph
a large set of quantitative data
• Visually strong
• Can compare to normal curve
• Usually vertical axis is a frequency count of
items falling into each category
 DISADVANTAGES
• Cannot read exact values because data is
grouped into categories

• More difficult to compare two data sets

• Use only with continuous data

 Line Plot
• A line plot shows data on a number line with x
or other marks to show frequency.

• All line plots include:

- a title
- a numbered horizontal line
- data displayed by use of X’s
 Example

Number of Pens of different brands in each

Price Category.
 Pros & Cons
Advantages Disadvantages
• Quick analysis of data • Not as visually appealing
• Shows range, minimum & • Best for under 50 data
maximum, gaps & clusters, values
and outliers easily • Needs small range of data
• Exact values retained