War-Time Breads and Cakes
By Amy L. Handy
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About this ebook
For the last twenty years the housewives of our country have been more and more depending upon the bakers for the bread used in the homes. In some of our cities the home-baked loaf is hardly known.
Although the commercial bread has been of great variety and of excellent quality, it has never been an economical method of serving the family with the staff of life.
By depending upon ready-baked bread we have come to consider it a difficult process to make good yeast bread and almost a hardship to try to have home-made bread.
I had fallen into the habit of buying my bread; my family was so small that it hardly seemed necessary to insist that bread should be made in my kitchen when good bread could be bought at a reasonable price. The result was that when the call came to conserve the wheat, I resorted almost entirely to quick breads made with baking powder or with sour milk and soda. However, the experiments that I made with these materials proved so interesting and satisfactory that I decided to see what I could do with a yeast cake and other grains than wheat.
My first experiments were failures and I was discouraged because, instead of saving food, I was wasting it, and yet I was unwilling to acknowledge myself defeated by the little square of leaven that came to me so attractively done up in tinfoil.
After careful consideration I decided that I had rushed into undue intimacy with a force of which I had very little understanding and that I might do better if I cultivated the acquaintance by degrees.
My next experiments were made with a very simple sponge of whole wheat flour, water, and yeast, which I allowed to rise for about four hours. I divided it into four parts, and to one I added scalded corn meal and rye flour; to the second, raw corn meal and whole wheat flour; to the third, barley flour and rye; and to the fourth, rice flour. I put salt in each lot, but no sugar or shortening. As I worked I kept a paper and pencil beside me and made careful notes of everything I did, also of results that I expected and of any doubts that occurred to me as to the wisdom of what I was doing. The four little loaves that resulted taught me many things and were the beginning of experiments that lasted through the summer—experiments that any housekeeper could make, for I had no laboratory, only the kitchen of my country house and the utensils found in every house.
In giving the results of my summer’s work I have tried to make the recipes so simple and yet explicit that the most inexperienced cook can follow them.
Amy Littlefield Handy
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War-Time Breads and Cakes - Amy L. Handy
WAR-TIME BREADS
AND CAKES
YEASTS
Buttermilk Dry Yeast
PUT one quart of buttermilk in a double boiler, and when it is scalding hot add one and one half quarts of corn meal and one teaspoonful of salt, and stir well. Let this mush cool, and then add one yeast cake that has been dissolved in one half cup of lukewarm water. Set the mixture in a warm place, and when it rises stir it down and let it rise again. Repeat this process three times, and then add more corn meal and enough whole wheat flour to bind it so that it can be made into cakes. Use a rounding tablespoonful to each cake if they are to be used in winter, less if for summer use. Let them dry as quickly as possible, but do not put them in the oven or in the sun. A rack hung high over the stove is a good place to dry them. They should have a sour, but not disagreeable, smell. These will keep all summer on a dry pantry shelf.
Potato and Hop Dry Yeast
BOIL together four small potatoes and one half cup, packed, of dry hops, using three pints of water. When the potatoes are done, take them out and put through a sieve or ricer. Add two cups of whole wheat flour and mix well. Strain the boiling hop water over this mixture and beat till it is a smooth batter. Add one tablespoonful of salt and the same of ginger and one half cup of sugar. When lukewarm, add one yeast cake that has been dissolved in one cup of lukewarm water. Let this stand one or two days, the time depending upon the temperature of the room, stirring it down occasionally. When it smells good and sour, add corn meal till it is thick enough to handle. Make into cakes, using a rounded tablespoonful if they are to be used in winter and less for summer use. Dry quickly, but do not put in the oven or in the sun. It will take a few days before they are dry enough to put away. These will keep in a box on a dry pantry shelf winter or summer.
One cake is equal to a cake of compressed yeast.
Continental Dry Yeast
WHEN putting the bread in pans save out a pint of the dough. Roll this half an inch thick, put it on plates, and leave it on the pantry shelf, turning it occasionally. It will become quite sour as it dries. After a few days the drying may be hastened, but do not overheat it or the yeast plant will be killed. When dry, break it into convenient pieces and put in a box or jar. To use, break into small pieces, enough to half fill a cup and soak till soft in lukewarm water. Use like any yeast. I have had satisfactory results using this yeast for raising a sponge.
Liquid Yeast
THIS will keep one or two weeks in summer and five or six in winter if not allowed to freeze. Scalding or freezing kills the yeast plant.
Add one cup of dry hops to two quarts of boiling water and boil gently for fifteen minutes. In the meantime peel and grate five large potatoes into enough water to cover them; this is to prevent them from turning dark. Add one cup of sugar, one tablespoonful of salt, and the same of ginger. Put this mixture into a saucepan and pour over it the water in which the hops have boiled. Cook, stirring all the time till it thickens, turn into a perfectly clean crock or jar, and when lukewarm add two cups of good yeast or two yeast cakes that have been dissolved in two cups of lukewarm water. Keep the jar where it is moderately warm and stir the yeast down as often as it rises. When fermentation stops, it will be quite thin. It should then be covered closely and put in a cool place. It is good as long as it smells sour but does not taste so. When yeast loses its