Smart Skills: Communications
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About this ebook
Yet it can be difficult and communication breakdown is not uncommon. There are several essential elements to making business communications work; these include structure, clarity, consistency, medium, and relevancy and our guide covers those areas within the below chapters:
- Essential foundations of success
- Preparation
- Face-to-face communication
- Putting it in writing
- Electronic Communication
- On your feet
- Being persuasive
- Negotiating
Our Smart Skill guide will enable you to target and convey your information through software, telephone or in-person methods. Regardless of what medium you use, effective communication means your message is received clearly and is understood entirely.
Patrick Forsyth
Patrick Forsyth began his career in publishing and has run Touchstone Training & Consultancy since 1990; this specialises in the improvement of marketing, management and communications skills. He is an experienced conference speaker and writes extensively on business matters. He is the author of many successful books on aspects of business, management and careers, including How to Write Reports and Proposals (Kogan Page) and Marketing: a guide to the fundamentals (The Economist). One reviewer says of his work: Patrick has a lucid and elegant style of writing which allows him to present information in a way that is organised, focused and easy to apply.
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Smart Skills - Patrick Forsyth
Reuvid
INTRODUCTION
One should not aim at being possible to understand, but at being impossible to misunderstand.
Marcus Fabius Quintillian
We all communicate much of the time, and the workplace is no exception. We do so for all sorts of reasons, for instance to:
• Inform
• Instruct
• Prompt action
• Persuade
• Motivate
• Change opinions
• Prompt debate or discussion
• Stimulate the generation of ideas
• Build on prior contacts or thinking
Often all goes well. Often we hardly think about it. Indeed how difficult is it to say: What time do you call this? to the postman or ask for a salary increase, or make a presentation to the Board?
Well, leaving aside the postman, the answer may be not only that such things can be difficult, but also that when they are poorly executed problems are not far behind. In most workplaces you do not have to eavesdrop for long to hear the immediate results of poor communication: But I thought you said … You should have said … What!? Similarly, failing to get your point across at a meeting or making a lacklustre presentation can change the course of subsequent events to your detriment. Today we also have a plethora of ever advancing electronic routes for communication to get to grips with and use effectively.
There are challenges: for instance, those making a poor presentation often cite lack of time to prepare as an excuse. More often than some recognisable fault destroying or diluting the effectiveness of communications, it is lack of any thought that jeopardises it. It is assumed all will be well and no great thought or preparation occurs.
This is dangerous because the fact is that communication is often not easy, indeed a host of factors combine to create difficulties. For example, think about this: how quickly and easily could you tell someone who doesn’t already know how to tie a necktie? And no, you cannot demonstrate – words only.
This book addresses these problems: how to overcome difficulties, how to deal with specific modes of communication – for instance making a presentation or writing documents – and overall it highlights the opportunities that good communication produces. This is key. The reason to take any sort of interest in how communication works is because of the results good, accurate and clear communications can achieve. How you communicate also affects how you are seen: it creates a profile, for good or ill, and enhances (or otherwise) reputations.
Two further things: first, with limited space individual chapters here have a tight focus, but include points used in context of their particular method or type of communication that may have relevance elsewhere in this Smart Skills series. Hence, for example, a point about face-to-face communication may be useful when considering presentations. Similarly, the chapter about the overall aspects of preparations is designed to be relevant to any kind of communication. Secondly, the book is intended to be useful whatever role someone may have and whoever they communicate with and how they do it – communicating is a career skill (influencing how you fare in the workplace) as well as a necessary work one.
There is a need to take it seriously, but that said, the communications process is essentially common sense and the thinking that reading this book can prompt is designed to make your communications more likely to be effective and achieve what you want.
Note: Let’s get to a specific lesson immediately. What about political correctness? Someone took me to task recently about using the expression manning the office
. I think this makes a point: you can take this sort of thing too far. After all the suggested alternative staffing the office
means something different. It usually means recruiting people to work in the office, whereas manning the office
normally refers to the process of who is on duty at what time, shifts and so on.
That said, even if you want to say ridiculous
occasionally, this is an area for some care. Any references to gender, sexuality, religion, political opinion and so on, must be checked, first to see if it is necessary and secondly to make sure that if so the message is delivered with suitable sensitivity. In the meantime I shall try to practice what I preach as we go on.
CHAPTER 1
THE FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS
Please be sure to lock your door securely before entering or leaving your room.
Notice on the inside of a hotel bedroom door.
The notice quoted above makes a good point. Someone wrote that, printed it and put on 252 doors and still didn’t notice that it was nonsense – and it is just one sentence. How many times have you heard someone in your office say something like: But I thought you said...? What is the difference between saying something is: quite nice and rather nice? And would you find anything that only warranted either description the least bit interesting?
Make no mistake: communication can be difficult.
Have you ever come out of a meeting or put the telephone down on someone and said to yourself: what’s the matter with that idiot, don’t they understand anything? And, if so, did it cross your mind afterwards that maybe the difficulty was that you were not explaining matters as well as you could? Make no mistake: the responsibility for making communication work lies primarily with the communicator.
The first rule about communication is never to assume it is simple. It is easy to take communicating for granted; indeed much of it is straightforward. But sometimes we are not as precise as we might be; never mind, often we muddle through and little harm is done. Except that occasionally it is. Some communication breakdowns become out and out derailments.
Often there is so much hanging on it that communications must be got right and the penalties of not so doing range from minor disgruntlement to, at worst, a cessation of business. So the rule – everyone needing to take responsibility for their communication and to execute it in a sufficiently considered manner to make it work effectively – is a vital one.
THE DIFFICULTIES
Any difficulties occur not because other people are especially perverse but because communication is, in fact, inherently difficult. Let’s consider why.
Inherent problems
To communicate successfully, it is necessary to make sure people:
• Hear what you say, and thus listen.
• Understand, and do so accurately.
• Agree, certainly with most of it, and take action if that is intended.
• Are stimulated to provide feedback.
Consider the areas above in turn in the context of the inherent way in which human nature works:
Objective: to hear/listen (or read).
Difficulties:
• People cannot or will not concentrate for long periods of time, so this fact must be accommodated by the way we communicate. Long monologues are out, written communication should have plenty of breaks, headings and fresh starts, and two way conversation must be used to prevent people thinking they are pinned down and have to listen to something interminable.
• People pay less attention to elements of a communication that appear to them unimportant, so creating the right emphasis, to ensure that key points are not missed, is the responsibility of the communicator.
In other words you have to work at making sure you are heard – to earn a hearing.
Objective: to ensure accurate understanding.
Difficulties:
• People make assumptions based on their past experience, so you must make sure you relate to just that. If you wrongly assume certain experience exists then your message will not make much sense (imagine trying to teach someone to drive if they had never sat in a car: press your foot on the accelerator – what’s that?).
• Other peoples’ jargon is often not understood, so think very carefully about the amount you use and with whom. Jargon is professional slang
and creates a useful shorthand between people in the know, for example in one organisation or one industry, but dilutes a message if used inappropriately. For instance, used in a way that assumes a greater competence than actually exists (and remember, people don’t like to sound stupid and may well be reluctant to say, I don’t understand) it will hinder understanding.
• Things heard but not seen are more easily misunderstood, thus anything you can show may be useful; so too are words painting a picture.
• Assumptions are often drawn before a speaker finishes: the listener is, in fact, saying to themselves, I’m sure I can see where this is going and their concentration reduces, focusing instead on planning their own next comment. This too needs accommodating and where a point is key, feedback should be sought to ensure that concentration has not faltered and the message really has got through.
Overall, clarity not only allows people to understand what is put to them, it allows them to agree with the sense of it too.
Objective: obtain agreement and prompt action.
Difficulties:
Changing habits is difficult: recognising this is the first step to influencing it. A stronger case may need making than would be the case if this was not true. It also means that care must be taken to link past and future, for example not saying: that was wrong and this is better but rather: that was fine then, but this will be better in future (and explaining how changed circumstances make this so). Any phraseology that casts doubt on someone’s early decisions should be avoided wherever possible.
There may be fear of taking action – will it work? What will people think? What will my boss think? What are the consequences of it not working out? This risk avoidance is a natural feeling: recognising this and offering appropriate reassurance is vital.
Many people are simply reluctant to make decisions: they may need real help from you and it is a mistake to assume that laying out an irresistible case and just waiting for commitment is all there is to it.
In addition, you need a further objective:
Objective: stimulating feedback.
Difficulties:
• Some (all?) people sometimes deliberately hide their reaction – some flushing out and reading between the lines may be necessary
• Appearances can be deceptive. For example, Trust me is as often a warning sign as a comment to be welcomed – some care is necessary.
The net effect of all this is rather like trying to peer through fog. Communication goes to and fro, but effectively through a filter, part of which may be blocked, perhaps warped or let through only incompletely. Partly, the remedy to all this is simply watchfulness. If you appreciate the difficulties, you can adjust your communications style a little to compensate, and thus achieve better understanding.
One moral is surely clear. Communication is likely to be better for some planning. This may only be a few second’s thought – the old premise of engaging the brain before the mouth (or writing arm) through to making some notes before you draft an email or proposal, or even sitting down with a colleague for a while