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Caro-Kann Defense
1. e4 c6 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5
(Approx. 80% of Caro-Kann Games)
The Caro-Kann Defense is named after H. Caro of Berlin and M. Kann of Vienna who analyzed the firstanalyzed the opening in the 1890’s. Black's Idea is to give up the center pawn for easier development,and not to have his Bishop on c8 "trapped." Contrast this with French Defense where Black maintains acenter pawn, but gives up mobility and the Bishop on c8 is "trapped." The Caro-Kann works better foroverly aggressive players (for White) and good endgame players (for Black).
 
White’s Ideas / Goals Black’s Ideas / Goals
1. Control the Center immediately by playing d4.2. Develop pieces ASAP. Try to gain control of more Space.3. Two basic strategies:A)
Kingside Attack 
. Note that White can usuallyinvade on the light squares.B)
Central Breakthrough
. If Black has notcastled, White can open the e-file (or thecenter) by playing d5, even if this meanssacrificing the pawn.1. Contest the Center2. Develop pieces ASAP without creating anymajor weaknesses.3. Black usually attacks on the queenside,especially if White castles there.4. Exchange pieces that reduce White’s attackingchances and increase your endgame winningchances.
 
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Caro-Kann Defense Variations:
1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5
A. Main Line (50%)
3.Nc3 (or Nd2
1
) dxe4 4. Nxd4
1
Nc3 is play 32% of the time and Nd2 is played 18% of the time.
A1. Classical Variation (50%)
4. …Bf5 5.Ng3 Bg6 6.h4 h6 7.Nf3 Nd7 8.h5 Bh7 9.Bd3 Bxd3 10.Qxd3
A2. Steinitz Variation (32%)
4. …Nd7 5.Nf3
1
Ngf6 6.Nxf6+ Nxf6 7.Bc4 Bf5 8.O-O e6
1
5.Bc4 Ngf6 6.Ng5 e6 7.Qe2 Nb6 8.Bb3 h6 9.N5f3
A3. Bronstein-Larsen Variation (17%)
4. …Nf6 5.Nxf6+ gxf6
B. Exchange/Panov-Botvinnik Attack Variations (26%)
3.exd5 cxd5
B1. Panov-Botvinnik Attack (65%)
4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3 Be7
1
7.cxd5 Nxd5 8.Bd3 Nc6 9.O-O O-O 10.Re1 Bf6
 1
Bb4 7.cxd5 Nxd5 8.Bd2 Nc6 9.Bd3 O-O 10.O-O Be7 11.a3 Bf6
B2. Exchange Variation (25%)
4.Bd3 Nc6 5.c3 Nf6 6.Bf4 Bg4 7.Qb3 Qd7 8.Nd2 e6 9.Ngf3 Bxf3 10.Nxf3 Bd6
C. Advanced Variation (24%)
3.e5 Bf5 4.Nf3
1
e6 5.Be2 Nd7 6.O-O Ne7 7.Nh4 Bg6 8.Nd2 c5 9.c3 Nc6 10.Nxg6 hxg6 11.Nf3
1
Or 4.Nc3 e6 5.g4 Bg6 6.Nge2 c5 7.h4 h5 8.Nf4 Bh7 9.Nxh5 cxd4
 
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Sicilian Defense
1.e4 c5
For Black, the Sicilian Defense is the most popular and best-scoring response to White's 1.e4 (and themost successful first move for White is 1.d4). The Sicilian Defense was analyzed by Giulio Polerio inhis 1594 manuscript on chess, and the name actually comes through the English translation (by JacobSarratt in 1813) of an old Italian manuscript phrase "il giocho siciliano."The Sicilian Defense was fairly popular during the 1800’s, but fell out of favor in the late 1800's.However, the Sicilian Defense was revived in the 1940’s and 1950’s by players such as Miguel Najdorf and Reuben Fine. Further efforts from world champions such as Bobby Fischer and Garry Kasparovhelped place the Sicilian Defense as the defense that offers Black the most winning chances against 1.e4.
White’s Ideas / Goals Black’s Ideas / Goals
1. Develop ASAP. And since White has morekingside space, he should develop pieces there.2. White will have a lead in development,especially since black must make more pawnmoves to free his pieces.3. Attack kingside.4. Depending on the variation, White can castle toeither side.5. Control the light colored squares.1. Trade the c pawn for White’s d pawn. This willgive Black a central pawn majority (= morecontrol of the center) and a half open c-file.2. Castle kingside.3.
 Attack queenside
. It is also likely that Black will advance the queenside pawns.4.
Central strike
. Because White will attack thekingside, a central strike at right moment is thebest response.5. Black usually has better endgame chances.6. Control the dark colored squares.7.
Often
: Double rooks on c-file8.
Possible
: If white castles kingside, sacrifice therook for the knight on c3. This creates holesand weakened pawn structure around the King.
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