Pengkajian Kesusastraan Jerman A Kelompok 2

Dosen: ALH Ira Indah P.S.

1 Desember 2009 Pratidina Sekar P.
Shadika Mega P.S.

RONDEAU

Rondeau, yang berasal dari bahsa Prancis rond yang artinya bulat, adalah sebuah bentuk
syair yang muncul pada abad ketiga belas di Perancis dan populer di kalangan penyair dan
musisi istana. Salah satu penulis Rondeau adalah Guillaume de Machaut. Rondeau paling
awal dinyanyikan pada abad ketiga belas dan terkenal melalui komposisi Adam de la Halle,
yang menjabat sebagai penyair dan pemusik di istana Count d'Artois

1. Bentuk

Rondeau dicirikan dengan rentrement atau pengulangan. Rondeau mempunyai bentuk yang
mudah dikenali, terdiri dari 10, 13 sampai 15 baris. Tiap baris terdiri dari 8 hingga 10 suku
kata, terkecuali pada bagian refrain yaitu 4 suku kata. Bagian rentrement terdiri dari
beberapa kata pertama atau seluruh baris pertama dari bait pertama dan berulang sebagai
baris terakhir kedua bait kedua dan ketiga. Dalam bentuk tradisional, bentuk Rondeau tidak
mematuhi skema-rima dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan tema keriangan dan kekuatan.
Ketika abad kesembilan belas, penyair Inggris mengadopsi Rondeau,namun banyak yang
merasa bahwa bagian rentrement akan lebih efektif jika bunyi disesuaikan sehingga
berasimilasi dengan puisi.
Rondeau pada umumnya terdiri dari 4 bait. Bait pertama dan terakhir sama, bagian tengah
kedua dari bait kedua adalah refrain pendek, yang mempunyai kesamaan dengan bagian
tengah pertama bait pertama.
Pada awalnya bait dalam Rondeau terdiri dari 2-3 baris, namun pada abad ke-15 tiap bait
bisa terdiri dari 4, 5, hingga 6 baris. Sastra Rondeau mulai memisahkan diri dengan
nyanyian Rondeau pada abad ke-15, dikarenakan seringkali bagian refrain Rondeau terlalu
panjang sehingga refrain hanya muncul di bait kedua dan keempat, hanya menyisakan
rentrement dari kata-kata pembukaan. Hal ini sering mengakibatkan perubahan makna yang
tak terduga.
Rondeau yang terdiri dari 15 baris dibagi ke dalam 3 bagian, yaitu:
• Satu kwintet (5 baris berima a, a, b, b, a);
• Satu quatrain (4 baris berima a, a, b, dan refrain R);
• Satu sestet (6 baris berima a, a, b, b,dan refrain R)

2. Isi

Rondeau ini biasanya bercerita tentang keadaan spiritual seperti, ibadah, romansa, dan
perubahan musim. Selain itu, banyak Rondeau bercerita tentang rasa sakit dan kehilangan,
meskipun pada bait terakhir nadanya akan berubah menjadi ceria (c’est la vie).
LAMPIRAN

Diunduh tanggal 30 November 2009 pukul 22.07

Poetic Form: Rondeau
The rondeau began as a lyric form in thirteenth-century France, popular among medieval court poets
and musicians. Named after the French word for "round," the rondeau is characterized by the
repeating lines of the rentrement, or refrain, and the two rhyme sounds throughout. The form was
originally a musical vehicle devoted to emotional subjects such as spiritual worship, courtship,
romance, and the changing of seasons. To sing of melancholy was another way of using the rondeau,
but thoughts on pain and loss often turned to a cheerful c’est la vie in the final stanza.

The rondeau’s form is not difficult to recognize: as it is known and practiced today, it is composed of
fifteen lines, eight to ten syllables each, divided stanzaically into a quintet, a quatrain, and a sestet.
The rentrement consists of the first few words or the entire first line of the first stanza, and it recurs
as the last line of both the second and third stanzas. Two rhymes guide the music of the rondeau,
whose rhyme scheme is as follows (R representing the refrain): aabba aabR aabbaR.

Where the rentrement appears in its traditional French form, it typically does not adhere to the
rhyme-scheme--in the interest of maintaining the line’s buoyancy and force. But when nineteenth-
century English poets adopted the rondeau, many saw (or heard) the rentrement as more effective if
rhymed and therefore more assimilated into the rest of the poem. An example of a solemn rondeau is
the Canadian army physician John McCrae’s 1915 wartime poem, "In Flanders Fields":

In Flanders fields the poppies grow

Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place, and in the sky,
The larks, still bravely singing, fly,
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the dead; short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe!

To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high!
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.

The challenge of writing a rondeau is finding an opening line worth repeating and choosing two
rhyme sounds that offer enough word choices. Modern rondeaus are often playful; for example,
"Rondel" by Frank O’Hara begins with this mysterious directive: "Door of America, mention my
fear to the cigars," which becomes the poem’s refrain.
www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5789

Poetry Form - Rondeau

The Rondeau originated in France. The Rondeau's name and form derive from the French rondel,
which comes from the French rond ("round").
History.
The Rondeau tradition as a poem first appeared in France. There, from the late 13th century into the
15th century, poetry of this form was often set to music.

Form.
In a traditional Rondeau, there are:
• 13, or 10, or 15 lines.
• Usually eight syllables in each line, except for the refrains, which have four syllables.
• Two rhymes.
• A refrain that repeats the first half (four syllables) of the first line. The refrain can also be
considered to be a third rhyme.
For 15 lines, the lines are grouped into:
One quintet (5 lines rhyming a, a, b, b, a);
One quatrain (4 lines rhyming a, a, b, plus refrain R);
One sestet (6 lines rhyming a, a, b, b, plus refrain R);

Thus the pattern of line-repetition in a 15-line Rondeau is as follows. Here, "RRRR" represents the
refrain of repeated words (four syllables), "a" represents the first rhyme, and "b" represents the
second first rhyme:
http://www.baymoon.com/~ariadne/form/rondeau.htm (blue)

Diunduh tanggal 30 November 2009, pukul 21.54

Rondeau (poetry and music)
one of several formes fixes (“fixed forms”) in French lyric poetry and song of the 14th and 15th
centuries. The full form of a rondeau consists of four stanzas. The first and last are identical; the
second half of the second stanza is a short refrain, which has as its text the first half of the first
stanza.

The earliest rondeaux had stanzas of two or three lines; later, especially in the 15th century, stanzas
of four, five, or even six lines were common. Because of the unwieldy length of the refrains in such
cases, the literary rondeau, which in the 15th century began to separate itself clearly from the sung
rondeau, often curtailed the refrains in the second and fourth stanzas, leaving only a rentrement
(“reentry”) of the opening words. This truncation often produced unexpected changes of meaning.

Such curtailment probably never took place in the sung rondeau because the musical form required
that refrains be complete. The music for the first stanza always had two parts and was repeated for
the third and fourth stanzas; the second stanza consisted of the music of the first part of the first
stanza repeated twice. In the following diagram the repeats of music with new text appear in
lowercase, while exact repeats (of text and music) are in uppercase:

To adapt this form to include the curtailed rentrement would require adjustment tantamount to
overthrowing the form. The musical form of the full rondeau had a peculiar strength because the
triple repetition of the “a” section in the second and third stanzas made the eventual return of the “b”
section in the third stanza a moment of immense significance, its weight requiring the balance
provided by the final full refrain.
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/509088/rondeau
Diunduh tanggal 30 November 2009 pukul 22.25
RONDEAU
Rondeaux are French lyric poems coming from the same fourteenth and fifteenth century formal
tradition as the earlier rondel and triolet--in fact, the three forms are sometimes considered variations
of the same genre. This genre of fixed-form poetry is powered by strict repetition, both through its
reliance on only a two-word pattern of rhyme and through its use of the rentrement--the reentry of
the poem's opening words--as a refrain.

The rondeau first developed as a form of medieval courtly music. One of the earliest writer-
composers of rondeaux was Guillaume de Machaut. (To hear Machaut's rondeau, "Rose, liz,
printemps" being sung by Lionheart, click here, or visit
http://www.chantboy.com/lionheart/machaut.htm )

As song, the form was four stanzas with fully repeating refrains, making use of much more repetition
than the modern literary rondeau or its variants. The earliest sung rondeaux developed in the
thirteenth century and became well known through the compositions of Adam de la Halle, the
"hunchback poet," who served as court poet and musician to the Count d'Artois.

The rondeau, adopted by church musicians as an emotionally rich container, continued into the
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Not only for spiritual worship, the rondeau was also used for
devotion to secular subjects such as springtime, courtly love, and romance. Oddly, the form also
clearly offered a vehicle for the celebration of melancholy. Many rondeaux seem to be about pain
and loss; yet they turn by the last stanza to a light, almost jovial statement of c'est la vie! (Only the
English, who adopted the rondeau at the end of the eighteenth century, truly attempt serious verse
with this form--according to The Princeton Handbook).
[Note: This practice compares to the American blues form.--AR]

The Form
The standard literary rondeau is usually found as fifteen octo- or decasyllabic lines divided into three
stanzas, a quintet, quatrain and sestet. The refrain consists of the first few words of the first line of
the first stanza. The rentrement, or refrain, ends the second and third stanzas, serving as their last
lines. Only two rhymes are used throughout (Turco). The rhyme scheme is as follows: aabba aabR
aabbaR.

Diunduh tanggal 30 November 2009 22.18

Rondeau
Definition:
The rondeau, like its cousin the triolet, originated in the poems and songs of French troubadours of
the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 14th century, poet-composer Guillame de Machaut popularized
the literary rondeau, which evolved toward use of a shorter repeated refrain than the earlier songs.

As it is used in modern English, the rondeau is a poem of 15 lines of eight or ten syllables arranged
in three stanzas — the first stanza is five lines (quintet), the second four lines (quatrain), and the final
stanza six lines (sestet). The first part of the first line becomes the rondeau’s rentrement (refrain)
when it is repeated as the last line of each of the two succeeding stanzas. Aside from the rentrement,
which obviously rhymes because it is the same repeated words, only two rhymes are used in the
entire poem. The entire scheme looks like this (with “R” used to indicate the rentrement):
a
a
b
b
a

a
a
b
R

a
a
b
b
a
R
http://poetry.about.com/od/poeticforms/g/rondeau.htm