In order to study community organization, we have tounderstand the concept of community. The term¶community· is used in different contexts: a religiouscommunity, business community or caste based communityetc., but in the context of social work, a community isdefined as a group of people living in a commongeographical area, sharing common interests and having asense of belonging.The term ¶Community Organization is used to refer to a processas well as field. This double usage is a familiarphenomenon. We refer to the practice of medicine as aprocess and to the field of medicine; to the teaching processand to the field of teaching; to the practice of law, which is aprocess, and to the legal field etc. Community organizationis carried on within the area of social work and it is one ofthe techniques of social work.
Theterm"communityorganizationcoversaseriesofactivitiesatthecommunitylevelaimedatbringingaboutdesiredimprovementinthesocialwellbeingofindividuals,groupsandneighborhoods".CommunityorganizingisaboutcreatingaDemocraticinstrumenttobringaboutsustainedsocialchange.AccordingtoMurrayG.Ross,"Communityorganizationisaprocessbywhichacommunityidentifiesneedsandtakesaction,andindoingso...developsco-operativeattitudesandpractices.´Communityorganizationisatechniqueforobtainingaconsensusconcerningboththevaluesthataremostimportantforthecommonwelfareandthebestmeansofobtainingthem²
SandersonandPolson(1939).
CommunityOrganizationmeansaprocessbywhichcommunityidentifyitsneedorobjectivesfindstheresources(Internal&/orExternal)todealwiththeseneedsorobjectives,takesactioninrespecttothem,andinsodoingextendsanddevelopscooperativeandcollaborativeattitudesandpracticesinthecommunity--.
MurrayGRoss
In the literature of community organisationwe findvarious sets of principles. Dunham (1958) haspresented a statement of 28 suggested principles ofcommunity organisation. He grouped those underseven headings.
Democracy and social welfare,
Community roots for community programs,
Citizen understanding, support, and participation andprofessional service,
Co operation,
Social Welfare Programs,
Adequacy, distribution, and organisationof socialwelfare services, and
Prevention.
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