COLORED TELEVISION BLOCK

DIAGRAM
tv antenna
Sound IF
Amp
Sound
Sound
Detector
Audio
Audio
Amp  speaker

CRT

RF
RF Amp
Amp
Mixer
Video IF
Amp
Video
Video
Detector
Video
Video
Drive
Video
Video
Amp 
Local Chroma
Oscillator Amp
AGC
AGC

System Sync
Control Separator

Vertical Vertical Vertical High

Flyback
Oscillator Drive Output Voltage
X’former

Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

Horizontal
SMPS AFC
AFC Oscillator Drive Output
Roga
RF AMPLIFIER
• The RF amplifiers in the tuner commonly are
dual gate N-channel depletion-type MOSFETs.
• The transistor amplify the weak RF signal to
improve sensitivity of the receiver.
• The RF signal is input to one of the gates, and an
automatic gain control (AGC) voltage is input to the
other gate.
• RF amplifier FETs operate very much like
vacuum tubes.
• 0.5 – 5 mV RF signal strength is applied to the
input of the RF amplifier’s tarnsistor gate.
LOCAL OSCILLATOR
• Is part of a voltage-controlled frequency
generator.
• To adjust the frequency of the LC
Oscillator, the capacitance of the LC circuit is
varied with the varactor diode.
• A reversed-bias voltage applied to the
varactor sets the LC circuit frequency
45.75MHz above the desired channel’s video
carrier.
• The voltage applied to the varactor
diodes tunes the LC circuit through a range of
frequencies.
MIXER
• In the tuner’s mixer stage, a carrier from the
oscillator and the television RF signal are beat or
heterodyned together.
• This converts the television channel down to
an intermediate frequency (I.F.) containing all the
channel’s signal information.
• for i.e. Channel 2 (55.25MHz) is beat with an
oscillator frequency of 101 MHz. The difference
between this frequencies is 45.75MHz, the IF video
carrier frequency.
• The I.F. circuits pass the channel’s 6MHz band
of signals between the audio carrier at 41.25MHz
and the video carrier at 45.75MHz.
VIDEO IF AMPLIFIER

• Amplify and processes weak

Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals.
VIDEO DETECTOR
The output of this stage produce three signals:

(1) composite video signal comprise the sync

pulses, blanking pulses and video information
through video section.
(2) 3.58 Mhz Chroma signal for color
information through Chroma section.
(3) 4.5 Mhz FM sound signal through Sound IF
section.
SOUND IF AMPLIFIER
• Amplify and processes the 4.5 MHz
Sound Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals.
SOUND DETECTOR

• Detects the 4.5 MHz Intermediate

Frequency Sound signals.
• Separate and recover the information
from the 4.5 MHz sound carrier.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER

The stereo audio is fed to the

right and left audio power amplifiers
and then drive onto the speakers.
 VIDEO AMPLIFIER
• provide sufficient gain to drive a CRT.
• have the response characteristics to cover the required
bandwidth.
• have tie points to customer and service control.
• either maintain or restore a dc reference voltage
related to the original transmission.
• ensure that the proper phase video signal reaches the
CRT.
• accepts horizontal and vertical blanking waveforms
that cut off the CRT during blanking intervals.
• Most importantly, though the video amplifier increases
the magnitude of the detector output voltage without
changing any frequencies.
SYNC SEPARATOR

• Eliminates the video and blanking signals

while amplifying only the horizontal sync,
vertical sync and equalizing pulses.

• Sync separation also involves the removal

of 60Hz vertical sync pulses from 15,750Hz
horizontal sync pulses.
VERTICAL OSCILLATOR
• The oscillator have the characteristic to allow easy
synchronization by the sync pulse.
• The oscillator must quickly change its starting time and
match the new sync signals.
• Use blocking oscillators and multi-vibrators requires for
rapid changes.
• Immune to triggering by noise pulses.
• Vertical Hold Control adjusts the free-running frequency
of an oscillator that causes of rolling picture.
• Most modern TV do not rely on a manual adjustment
because of the advances in solid-state technologies.
VERTICAL DRIVE
• Represents wave-shaping to provide a ramp or
saw-tooth waveform that has gradual and linear
rise time.
• The wave-shaping circuit will go into cut-off
during the retrace interval by adding a pulse to
the saw-tooth as a results evolves into
trapezoidal waveform.
• Includes frequency determining components of
either an RC or an LC network.
• The vertical size, or height , and linearity
controls interface with the waveshaping
VERTICAL OUTPUT

• Vertical deflection systems always include

some type of large-signal power amplifier in
the output stage.
• Provides the large amount of current needed
to drive the vertical scanning coils in the
deflection yoke.
HORIZONTAL AFC
• The horizontal AFC stage compares the frequency
and phase of feedback pulse taken from the
horizontal output stage with horizontal sync pulse
arriving from the differentiator.
• Through the comparison of those signals, the AFC
circuits maintain the correct 15,750Hz frequency of
the horizontal oscillator.
• If the oscillator frequency deviates from the correct
setting, a mismatch occurs between the signals
arriving at input of the AFC circuit.
• Either an increase or a decrease in frequency will
cause the AFC circuit to generate a positive or
negative dc control voltage.
HORIZONTAL OSCILLATOR
• Stabilize the Horizontal sweep generators to resist triggering by
noise pulses.
• It completes 15,750Hz/60 or 262.5 cycles during the time that the
vertical oscillator requires to complete one cycle.
• Can take the time of almost 200 cycles to change phase with no
visible changes occurring the picture.
• Produces either rectangular wave or a pulse output.
• Horizontal Hold Control adjusts the free-running frequency of an
oscillator that causes of bending picture.
• Most modern TV do not rely on a manual adjustment because of the
advances in solid-state technologies.
HORIZONTAL DRIVE
• Reshapes the rectangular pulse taken from the horizontal
oscillator output to provide the waveshape needed to
produce a horizontal output signal.
• The driver stage uses a semiconductor device as a switch.
• Conduction time determines the length of time that the dc
supply voltage connects to the horizontal deflection yoke for
each horizontal scan.
• The pulse width is an important factor when checking the
performance of the driver stage.
 HORIZONTAL OUTPUT
• The raster will not have any brightness without functions
provided by the horizontal output stage.
• Because the output pulse is applied to the flyback
transformer it produces high voltage for the CRT.
• This stage requires a damper diode to minimize the
possibility of oscillation in the horizontal scanning current.
• The horizontal output transistor (HOT) supplies the
horizontal scanning current directly to the yoke coils.
FLYBACK TRANSFORMER

• Provide the approximately 25kV-30kV dc

high voltage required for the second of the
CRT.
• Provide sufficient current for the three
electron beams generated within a color
CRT.
• Regulate the high voltage.
SYSTEM CONTROL

• also called microprocessor control system

• dedicated microprocessor and system
memory section to issue and store operating
commands
• A frequency synthesis section designed for
exact channel selection and continuous
frequency control
• An electronic bandswitching system
SWITCHED-MODE POWER
SUPPLIES (SMPS)
• Offer advantage such as reduced size, weight, and cost.
• The high frequency operation of an SMPS allows the use
of smaller and lighter component than those seen in
linear power supplies.
• Offers greater efficiency than a linear power supply.
• Operates either fully on or fully off.
• Type of power supply loses little power and has an
efficiency of approximately 85%.
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL

• The AGC circuit controls strong signals so that the

gain produced by the first and second IF
amplifiers will not overload the stages that follow.
• Increases IF amplifier gain under weak signal.
• Any signal increase above the reference level
causes the AGC circuit to apply a dc correction
voltage to the amplifier stages and restore the
proper sync tip amplitude.
CHROMA SECTION

• Remove and amplify the color burst signal.

• Reinsert the suppressed color subcarrier.
• Recover the original color difference signals.
• Control the hue and saturation of the
reproduced colors.
• Disable the color signal during a monochrome
broadcast.