Sunday, November 28, 2010
Post WWII and Beginning of Cold War
Chinese Civil War
y
P
eoples Republic of China proclaimed,
Oc
t 1949
by Communists
o
T
ruman refused to recognize the government
o
T
urned toward Soviets
y
M
aos trip to
M
oscow,
D
e
c
1949-Feb 1950
o
Stalin asserted his primacy
y
Chinese Nationalist fled to
T
aiwan but retained the seat for China in the UN
Sino-Soviet Pa
c
t, Feb 1950
y
T
reaty of Friendship, Alliance, and
M
utual Assistance, 1950
o
Agreement of mutual defense
o
$3
00 million load
o
Stalin gave up interests in
M
anchuria
o
USSR received some trade privileges
o
USSR refused to give China the A-bomb
T
he Invasion of
T
ibet
y
PL
A (
P
eoples
L
iberation Army) invaded
T
ibet,
Oc
t 1950
o
UN protested
o
T
ibetan Army defeated quickly
y
B
ecame Chinese province
y
Uprisings began
K
orea 1945-1948
y
K
orea occupied by USSR and USA in 1945
o
D
ivided at
3
8
th
parallel
y
UN called for national government elections in 1947
o
Republic of
K
orea (south) formed 1948
o
USSR refused and supported communists
P
eoples
D
emocratic Republic of
K
orea (north) formed
Sunday, November 28, 2010
K
orean War, 1950-1953
y
North
K
orea invaded South
K
orea,
Ju
ne 1950
y
UN Security Council called on UN members to protect South
K
orea
o
USA to command forces
o
USSR was absent during vote in protest over Chinese seat on Security Council
y
Ju
ne-Sept
North sweeps southward
y
Sep
-
Nov 1950
UN and RO
K
(Republic of
K
orea) troops push north almost to China
y
Nov 1950
J
an 1951 C
hina entered war and drove UN forces south
o
Supported with equipment from USSR
y
1951-1953
Fighting along
3
8
th
parallel
y
1953
Armistice signed at
P
anmunjom
y
T
ruman assigned General
M
acArthur to command
o
D
ifferences on limited war
o
M
acArthur proposed using nuclear weapons against China
y
L
ed to fear of communist aggression
y
W
est Germany allowed to re-arm
y
USA dramatically increased military spending
y
Proxy War
A front fighting for another nation with training, money, even soldiers
y
T
ruman assigned General
M
acArthur to command
T
he
D
eath of Stalin Mar
c
h 1953
y
Georgi
M
alenkov took over
y
USSR felt very weak and threatened
o
No major victories since Czechoslovakia in 1948
o
NA
T
O
o
Ex
pansion of
W
estern aid to other countries
y
M
alenkov overthrown in 1955
Nikita
K
hr
u
sh
c
hev
y
M
ost influential leader by 1955
o
Undisputed leader by 1957
y
Speech to secret session of 20
th
P
arty Congress, 1956
o
Condemned Stalin
o
P
romised end to Stalinist personality cults
o
Start this process called
D
e-Stalinization
Sunday, November 28, 2010
D
e-Stalinization
y
D
e-Stalinization in
E
astern
E
urope
o
Some liberalization
o
Removal of Stalinist leaders
y
I
mproved Soviet-
E
astern
E
uropean relations
o
W
arsaw
P
act, 1955
y
K
hrushchev
T
ito Summit
o
D
ifferent roads to socialism is acceptable
T
he Geneva S
umm
it 1955
y
USSR proposed
o
Reduction of armed forces
o
E
ventual abolition of nuclear forces
o
I
nternational inspection
USA wanted stronger inspection
y
Surveillance plans open skies
y
USSR refused
y
Agreed to a neutral, independent Austria
Uniting the
T
hird World
y
Originated at
B
andung Conference, 1955 (pre-independence of all Africa)
o
29 countries met to promote
T
hird
W
orld solidarity and anti-colonialism
y
First meeting held in
B
elgrade, Yugoslavia in 1961
o
Nations who sought support for one another, without aligning themselveswith US or USSR
D
id not want to be prawns
o
L
ed to the formation of the Non-Aligned
M
ovement (NA
M
)
T
he countries did not want deals where strings attached to join anyaspects of the Cold
W
ar
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