ΤΟΥ ΑΔΑΜ (ΜΑΚΗ) Γ.

ΚΡΑΣΑΝΑΚΗ
BY ADAM (MAKIS) G. KRASSANAKIS
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ, Η ΠΡΩΤΕΥΟΥΣΑ ΤΗΣ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑΣ
ΚΑΙ Η ΣΥΜΠΡΩΤΕΥΟΥΣΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ
THESSALONIKI, CAPITAL OF MΑCEDONIA
AND COCAPITAL OF GREECE
ΛΕΥΚΟΣ ΠΥΡΓΟΣ. ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ ΜΝΗΜΕΙΟ
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ, Μ. ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ
➢ The ancient writer St. Vyzantios reports that the founder of Thessaloniki is King
Philip II of Macedonia, the father of Alexander the Great. This report is confirmed
and validated by a base of an ancient statue that has been found in Thessaloniki
with the inscription “ THESSALONIKI PHILIP’S QUEEN”, as well as from the
etymology of the name “Thessaloniki” (Thessalo = Thessalian and niki = Victory,
thus Thessaloniki or Τhessalonikeia, meaning victory over the Thessalians).
➢ King Philip II of Macedonia, as it is known from history, defeated during the III
Sacred War (355-352 B.C.) the Thessalian Army, and had a daughter (half-sister
of Alexander the Great) whose name was Thessaloniki, a name apparently given
to her due to her father's victory over the Thessalians.
➢ In addition, the ancient writer Strabo reports that Kassandros in 316 B.C.
united and gathered the people of the various districts of the Thermaic gulf
into a single city which he named after his wife’s name Thessaloniki, who was
the half-sister of Alexander the Great.
➢ Therefore Thessaloniki, according to these two reports, was built during the
period of Philip's daughter Thessaloniki, and after the Macedonian victory
over the Thessalians (352 bC), and specifically somewhere between (352 –
316 b.C.).
Base of ancien statue that report: «Θεσσαλονίκη, Φιλίππου
βασίλισσα».
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ, Η ΝΥΜΦΗ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΡΜΑΙΚΟΥ,
Η ΑΔΕΛΦΗ ΤΟΥ Μ. ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ – ΠΛ. ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΟΥΣ
◼ The ancient writer Strabo (Geographic’s 7), in regard to the
nationality of the Macedonians, clearly reports that the
Macedonians are Greeks, i.e.:
◼ «Εστίν με ουν Ελλάς και η Μακεδονία, νυνί μέντοι τη φύσει των τόπων
ακολουθούντες και τω σχήματι χωρίς έγνωμεν από της άλλης Ελλάδος τάξαι και
συνάψαι προς όμορον αυτής Θράκης…» (Στράβων Γεωγραφικά, 7).
◼ The ancient writer Herodotus (A, 57 - 58 and in cross-correlation with G, 43 and
other) reports that the Macedonians are Greeks and in particular from Dorian
origin, the same nation/race with the Spartans, Corinthians and others, the
same nation that in Peloponnesus it is called “Dorian” and in Pindos it is called
“Makedno (Macedonia)”.
◼ The ancient poet Hesiod (Catalogue of Women or Eoiae), reports that Graecos or
Hellen, Magnis and Macedon , that is to say the ancestors of current day
Hellenes or Greeks, were brothers, the sons of Zeus and Pandora, daughter of
Deucalion (= the person who survived with his wife the ‘Great Flood (Cataclysm)
that occurred during his time = the ‘Flood of Noah’, as reported in the Bible).
➢ “And the daughter in the house of the noble Defkalion, Pandora with the king of
the gods, Zeus, heavily engulfed in love with the god of the sky and thunder gave
birth to the joyful Graecus.
➢ Herself again conceiving through Zeus gave birth for the thunderbolt god two
sons, Magnis and Makedon the delightful, who lived in the slopes around the
mountain ranges of Pieria and Olympus.
➢ And from Magnis were born two sons, Diktis and Polydektis. And from Hellene, the
bellicose king were born Doros and Xouthos and the delightful Aiolos .....”
➢ (Hesiod, Catalogue of Women or Ioiai 1-6,”)
✓ The vice regent (and later king) Amyntas of Macedonia proclaims
to the king of Persians Farnabazo through those he has sent to ask
him for land and water as symbols of subjugation, the following:
✓ “ to your king who has sent you here make it known that one Greek
(Hellene), the regent of Macedonia, has treated you extremely well
and with great care… ( Herodotus, book E, 20).
✓ Alexander’s the first letter to Athenians:" Athenian Men, I would not make these
speeches, if I did not look after (attend), in general excessively well for all
Greece, because also I, Alexander A' of Macedonia, I am Greek (Hellene) from old
days and hurts my inner soul to see Greece occupied and enslaved instead of
being free"... (Herodotus’s History, book H', 45).
✓ (In this letter, Alexander The Great explains who he is, his and his
army’s nationality, and the exact reasons for his military campaign
against the Persian King Darius)
✓ …”Your ancestors invaded Macedonia and the rest of Greece and committed
horrific crimes and disasters to our people without any provocation or
wrongdoing from us at all. Now, that I have become king of all Greeks, I have
come to Asia in order to avenge your unprovoked crimes and disasters you have
committed against us.... In addition, you have helped the Perinthians, who
unjustly wronged my father, while Ohus sent his army to Thrace, which was
territory in our possession. Furthermore, my father was assassinated by a
conspiracy that you organized, as you yourselves have advertised and
propagated throughout the world...... I have, therefore, undertaken this military
campaign (expedition) against you, because you began the animosity....“
✓ (Arrian B 14, 4).
Υπουργείο Μακεδονίας - Θράκης
➢ The Roman writers Livius report: “…the Aetoleans, Akarnaneans
and Macedonians, were people who spoke the same language,
and who from time to time were united or separated due to
insignificant causes and events that occur in the course of
human events...“
➢ (Livius, History of Rome, book XXX paragraph ΧΧΙΧ).
➢ Also there are and the Macedonian coins:
◼ The ancient writers Arrian report: "While there (in India) Nearchus’s
sailors saw a stranger who wore the Greek mantle, behave like the Greeks and
spoke Greek. The first Greeks that saw him said that they all cried.To them, it
was such an unexpected event after having suffered so many hardships, to
meet another Greek and to hear the Greek language. They asked him where
does he come from and who is he? He told them that he had come from the
camp of Alexander and that the camp and Alexander himself are not far from
here. Upon this, applauding and shouting they all went to Nearchus…”
◼ (Arrian's, Indian, 4, 33,)
Καμάρα, Αψίδα Γαλέριου, 4ος αι. μ.Χ
THESSALONIKI
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ – ΑΓΙΑ ΣΟΦΙΑ
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ – ΑΓΙΑ ΣΟΦΙΑ
✓KING PHILIP II WAS THE PERSON RESPONSIBLE
✓FOR THE GREATNESS OF MACEDONIA
➢ King Philip II, the father of Alexander The Great, liberated Macedonia from the
barbarians and made it into a well organized and powerful kingdom (Greek
city-state).
➢ Subsequently, all of the Greek city-states asked Philip if he would accept
becoming the Supreme Commander of the armed forces (The League
of Corinth or Hellenic League) and thereafter proclaimed him emperor of all
Greeks.
✓ “Having ascended to the throne (king Philip II, the son of Amyntas)
in the most difficult times with the Illyrians; the kingdom virtually
at the brink of collapse and its neighbors ready to put an end to its
existence, it was only because of his brilliant political and military
skills that he was able to re-establish order in the kingdom and
become the supreme commander (regent, hegemon) of Greece”,
✓ (Diodorus 16.1).
✓ The ancient writers Diodorus, Plutarch and others report that Philip II was one of
the most important kings of Macedonia. Firstly, because he liberated Macedonia
from the Illyrians and secondly, established Macedonia’s sovereignty and
subsequent mastery of all Greeks who accepted him as their regent (hegemon).
✓ Unfortunately though, shortly thereafter he was assassinated.
➢ Specifically, after the battle of Chaironeia (338 B.C.), when no city in Greece dared
not to respect the Macedonians, the then king of Macedonia Philip II, in the
beginning of 337 B.C. convened in Corinth a congress (THE LEAGUE OF CORINTH OR
HELLENIC LEAGUE), a federation of Greek city-states to discuss and resolve the Greek
issues (civil conflicts, and the renewed intervention of the Persians into Greek
internal affairs).
➢ In this congress it was agreed that peace must exist among all Greek city-states
and member city-states constitutions to be guaranteed and protected.
◼ The League would act to prevent any acts of aggression or
subversion against any member state.
◼ The League would maintain an army and naval force levied from
member city-states in approximate proportion to their size.
◼ Philip II was declared Supreme Commander of the League’s army
with full authority to use these military forces in the war against
Persia to avenge Xerxes’s pillages, wrong-doings, horrific crimes,
etc. committed during the Persian invasions of Greece.
✓ The above-mentioned decision at “The League of Corinth” had been
also taken because several Greek intellectuals of this period, e.g.
the orator Isokrates, proclaimed that the only solution to the Greek
issues, were (the cease of civil wars and the end of Persian
interference or aggression).
✓ That is, the peaceful coexistence and pacification of all Greek city-
states, the political unification of all Greeks and the common war
against the barbarians, that is to say the Persians and their allies
(Kares, Phoenicians, and others).
 ✓ ALEXANDER THE GREAT
✓ IS THE FIRST SOVEREIGN KING OF ALL GREEKS
✓ AND ΤΗΕ FIRST EMPEROR OF THE WORLD
COIN OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, 356 – 323 B.C.
✓ Alexander the Great, as reported by the writer Arrian (Alexander’s
Anavasis) and by biographer Plutarch ("Alexander" and "On
Alexander’s Destiny"), after the assassination of his father
(proclaimed King of Macedonia), went to the Isthmus of Corinth and
demanded from the council of Greeks (THE LEAGUE OF CORINTH OR
HELLENIC LEAGUE) that he be declared and made Supreme
Commander of the League’s army and navy and be authorized to
commence war against the Persians.
✓ All member city-states (Athenians, Thessalians, etc.) accepted
Alexander’s proposition except the Spartans who responded by
saying that their tradition dictates that the Spartans only lead and
that they do not follow others.
✓ “The federation of Greek city-states (League of Corinth) having met at the Canal
of Corinth, voted and authorized Alexander as Supreme Commander of the
league’s army and navy in the military campaign against Persia”, (Plutarch,
Alexander 14).

✓ "When Alexander ascended to the throne, as the son of Assassinated Philip II

and went to Peloponnesus - he was roughly twenty years old. There he
assembled the Peloponnesians and demanded the leadership for the military
campaign (invasion) against the Persians, since it had already been assigned to
his father Philip II. All agreed, except the Spartans, who responded by stating:
The Spartans do not follow, but rather others follow the Spartans.....“
✓ (Arrian, Alexander’s Anavasis A 1).
➢ The ancient writer Plutarch reports, about the culture and the state of
Alexander the Great:
➢ "After Alexander was acclaimed king of Asia, and wishing also to be honoured
by all Greeks, he wrote to them that he abolishes all tyrannical order of things
and the ‘status quo’ and that they will be autonomous and specifically he
wrote to the Plataeans that he would rebuild their city, because their fathers
had given their country (city-state ) to the Greeks to fight in their homeland for
freedom......
➢ Subsequently, Alexander selected thirty thousand foreign young men and
gave orders that they learn Greek and train with Macedonian arms under the
guidance of Greek trainers". (Plutarch’s Alexander, 34 - 47).
✓ Alexander on the contrary, built more than seventy cities in the barbarian
countries, and he propagated in all Asia the Greek (letters, arts & science,
responsibilities, etc.), overcoming the untamed, wild and uncivilized way of life
of the native populations........., but the one person who provided in theory the real
and factual substance was Alexander himself. That is to say that he did not follow
the advice of his tutor Aristotle to act among the Greeks as their leader, and
among the barbarians as if he was their absolute ruler, and to treat the Greeks as
his friends and relatives, and the other people as if they were animals or plants.
✓ (Plutarch “On Alexander’s Destiny or Virtue”, A, 3 - 7, 328-329).
➢ If he were to act and behave this way, it would create in his empire
innumerable wars, exiles and undermining, negative attitudes..... He
(Alexander The Great) on the contrary, believed that he came as a reconciler
and peacemaker for all the world, and for that reason he compelled through
armed force those who could not be convinced by way of reason to reconcile
with him, and brought together as a single unit people from the various
places, uniting and joining in terms of friendship their ways of life, their
marriages and their habits
➢ (Plutarch “On Alexander’s Destiny or Virtue”, A, 3 - 7, 328-329).
✓ He (Alexander the Great) demanded that they all consider their homeland the
universe, their citadel his camp, their relatives all good persons and foreigners
(strangers) the villains. He did not allow them to distinguish between Greeks
and barbarians based upon the mantle and peltast, the sword or cloak, but
demanded that the credentials of the Greek elements be recognized by virtue
and the barbaric elements by malice and wickedness; while clothing, food,
marriages and way of life were considered common traits for all people, mixed
and intermingled as a single unit of totality with the bonds of blood and the
bearing of children.
✓ (Plutarch “On Alexander’s Destiny or Virtue”, A, 3 - 7, 328-329).
STATUE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, THESSALONIKI
Panoramic view of the Macedonian Phalanx and Alexander The
Great on his beloved horse, Voukephalos
➢ According to ancient writers the Macedonians were always the
guards (sentries) of Greece’s northern borders, e.g.:
➢ "Tίνος καί πηλίκης δει τιμης αξιούσθαι Mακεδόνας, οι τόν πλείω του
βίου χρόνον ου παύονται διαγωνιζόμενοι πρός τούς βαρβάρους
υπέρ της των Eλλήνων ασφαλείας; ότι γάρ ει ποτ’αν εν μεγάλοις ην
κινδύνοις τά κατά τούς Eλληνας, ει μή Mακεδόνας είχομεν
πρόφραγμα καί τάς των παρά τούτοις βασιλέων φιλοτιμίας, τίς ου
γινώσκει;" (Πολύβιος IX 35,2)
 Pella, first capital of Macedonia.
An atrium with a pebble-mosaic paving
The tomb of Philip II of
Macedonia, Vergina.
VERGINA
 fresco Vergina,
Hellenistic painting
Χάρτης των σατραπειών της Μακεδονικής
αυτοκρατορίας
 Μεγάλου Αλέξανδρος στη μάχη
της Ισσού Μωσαϊκό του 100 π.Χ.
στη Πομπηία
Alexandria of Egypt, Sculpture of Alexander the
Great, creator of Alexandria
Alexandria of Egypt, The statue of Alexander the Great,
founder of the city of Alexandria
EGYPRT, The temple of Isis at “Philae”,
Ptolemic Dynasty. The last of that dynasty
was the infamous Cleopatra. The first of
that Dynasty was Ptolemy I, a general left
by Alexander the Great after he conquered
Egypt.
Luxor of Egypt,
Amon and Alexander the Great (left) as Pharaoh
&The name Alexander in hieroglyphics
 ➢ THE CULTURE AND THE WORLD-WIDE
➢ CONTRIBUTION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT
◼ The ancient writers, Greeks and foreigners and particularly: Arrian (B 14, 4),
Plutarch ("Alexander" 34 - 47 and "On Alexander’s Destiny or Virtue" A, 3 - 7, 328-
329), Old Testament (Makkavian, Ch. 1), Herodotus (E 17-22), Polyvius (IX 35,2) and
others, report that:
◼ Alexander The Great began his campaign into Asia clearly to avenge, that is, to
punish the Persians because they had previously invaded Greece and had
committed horrific crimes and pillages against the Greeks, had assassinated
Alexander’s father, etc.
◼ However, Alexander upon arriving in Asia found a world with wild, untamed and
uncivilized customs and traditions, such as, sons marrying their mothers, humans
eating other humans, tribal leaders or kings who did whatever pleased them,
demanding that they be worshipped as gods, etc.
◼ Under those circumstances, Alexander instead of conquering and punishing
started liberating and abolishing tyrannical regimes (that is to say, liberating the
populations from the Persian conquerors and the tyrants installed by the Persians
from place to place).
➢ In parallel, he started to construct cities according to Greek models, that is to
say to demand that the people pursue education (arts & science), to be free, to
live in a system of justice and equality before the law, etc.
➢ It is said that he built more than seventy cities in barbarian lands (countries),
and spread throughout Asia the Greek culture and language and overcoming the
uncivilized and untamed way of living of the natives encountered, an effort to
which he was also helped by the local native people themselves.
➢ This was the reason that Alexander was named Great and son of God (god Zeus
for the Greeks or god Ammon for the non Greeks) by the Greeks and by the local,
native residents (Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, India, Egypt etc).
◼ Alexander’s philosophy was as follows: We do not regard the Greeks as friends
and relatives and the other populations as if they are animals or plants, but all
the same, because all people are brothers, equal between them and
consequently they must live together peacefully and rightly. We consider
relatives all good persons and foreigners or enemies all bad persons.
◼ Greek must be everything that is noble and barbaric everything not noble.
◼ Through armed force we compel those who cannot be convinced by way of
reason, etc.
◼ The philosophy and actions of Alexander the Great and particularly his glorious
successors were annotated favorably even by the Old Testament.
◼ Περισσότερα βλέπε στα βιβλία:
◼ «ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΙΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΟΥ Α. Γ. ΚΡΑΣΑΝΑΚΗ
◼ «ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ: ΚΤΙΣΗ, ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΚΛΠ» ΤΟΥ Α.Γ. ΚΡΑΣΑΝΑΚΗ
◼ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗ-ΜΕΛΕΤΗ: ΑΔΑΜ (ΜΑΚΗΣ) Γ. ΚΡΑΣΑΝΑΚΗΣ
◼ ΦΩΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΝΤΕΟ: ΚΡΑΣΑΝΑΚΗΣ ΑΔΑΜ (KRASSANAKIS.GR),
ΒΙΚΙΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ, ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ κ.α.
◼ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ-ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙ: ΜΗΤΡΟΠΑΝΟΣ, ΜΑΡΙΛΕΝΑ, ΖΑΜΠΕΤΑΣ, ΕΥΓ.
ΠΑΠΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ, ΛΟΥΔΟΒΙΚΟΣ κ.α.
◼ ΠΟΛΥΤΙΜΗ ΒΟΗΘΕΙΑ: ΔΗΜΟΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ κ.α.
TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH
ΑRT PERTHIKIS
 ΠΕΡΙΣΟΤΕΡΑ (FOR MORE SEE THΕ BOOK):
«MAKEDONIA» BY ADAN (MAKIS) G. KRASANAKIS
«ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ» ΤΟΥ ΑΔΑΜ (ΜΑΚΗ) Γ. ΚΡΑΣΑΝΑΚΗΣ