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lsg a]nfotL / cdl]/sL nv ] sx? ltAatsf] dl' QmnfO{ rf;f] lbG5g < ltgLx? ltAatsf] lxtsf]
lglDt jf ltgLx?sf] cfkmg\ } enfOs { f] lglDt < sl/a 5 bzs cufl8 Ps dQ ' m ltAalt e'bf;
nfg8o'\O n] u/]sf] of] kZ|g Toltan ] f hlt ;fGbles { / /x:odoL lyof] cfh;Dd klg TolQs}
/x:odoL / dxTjk0'f{ 5 . jf:tjd} ltAatdl' Qmsf] s'/fnfO{ dxTjk'0f{ ?kdf p7fpg] klZrdL
;/sf/ / ;~rf/dfWodx?sf] jf:tljs p¢Z]o s] xf] < ltgLx? ltAatsf] s:tf] d'lQm rfxG5g <
v'zL, ;'vL / ;d¢[zfnL ltAat of t cflys { , ;fdflhs / /fhgl}ts ?kn] lbgk|ltlbg ;d[¢zfnL
] f] rLgnfO{ ux[o¢' sf] af6f] tkm{ wsN]g of t ‘Plzofsf] ztfAbL’ nfO{ /fS]g < ;f7Lsf]
x'Fb} uO/{xs
bzsdf ul/aL, clzIff / cefjaf6 u:|t ltAatLx? cfh;Dd cfOk{U' bf v'zL / ;d¢[
ltAaltx?df ablnPsf 5g\ . ljeLGg ls;Ldsf s/, dfgl;s / zfl//Ls zfi]f0faf6 lkl8t
ltAaltx? cfh cfkmg\ f] lglDt cfkm} afN]g / lg0fo{ug{ ;Sg] ltAalt ePsf 5g . ltAatsf]
jf:tljs dl'Qm olx xfO]g <cfkmn ' fO{ :jtGq, hgkIfLo / Joj;flos eg/] kr | f/ ug{ ?rfpg]
klZrdL ;~rf/dfWodsf] jf:tljs p¢]Zo s] xf] Tof] cfh ;Dd klg cg'Ql/t g} 5 .
;g\ !(%( dfrs { f] ljbf|x] kZrft ltAalt hgd'lQm ;g]f¢f/f ltAaltx? bafOP{sf] / zfi]f0f
u/LPsf] h:tf ef|ds kr | f/x? ul/P -h'g cfh;Dd klg hf/L 5 _ . ltAatsf] jf:tljs cj:yf
hfgsf/Llbg] p¢Z]on] rLg¢f/f cfdlGqt ljleGg !! bz ] sf !( hgf nv ] s / kqsf/ ;lDdlnt
6f n
] L;uF u/LPsf] ed | 0f cg'ejsf] ?kdf cdl]/sL d'nsL kqsf/ cGgf n'O; { :6Ë«¢f/f lnlvt
k':ts When Serfs Stood Up in Tibet sf] gk]fnL cg'jfb ‘ltAatsf eb' f;x? p7b\ f’
labf|x] kj' s
{ f] jf:tljs ltAat ae ' m\gsf] lglDt lgs} dxTjk'0f{ ;fduL| aGg ;Sb5 . rlrt{ kqsf/
Oh/fon OlK:6Lg -!(!%– @))%_ n] nv ] h] :t} of] ‘laZjsf] 5fgf’] df cfPsf] Pl]txfl;s
kl/jtg{nfO{ ae ' m\gsf] lglDt Ps pTs[i6 Pl]txfl;s b:tfjh ] xf] . ;g\ !(%( eGbf cufl8 wfld{s
gt]f bnfO{nfdfsf] zf;gsfndf ul/a / efs ] f ls;fg, e'bf;x?nfO{ sx]L dÝ' Le/ ;fdGtLx?¢f/f
lgs} zfl]ift / bldt u/LPsf] lyof] . ul/a ls;fg / eb' f;x?sf] /ut / kl;gfn] lehs ] f] ltAat
;fdlGtx?sf] lglDt lanf;L b/af/lgdf0{f ug{ / pgLx?nfO{ ljnf;L hLjg ofkg ugs { f] lglDt
ko|fu] u/Lof] . o;y{ ltAatsf kT|o]s b/af/ d7x? ltAatL lgDgjuLo{ bf;x?sf] /utaf6 lgdf0{f
u/LPsf] xf] . ltgLx?df /flvPsf ax'dN' o wft'sf uh'/x? efs ] f gfËf hgtfsf] vfl];Psf] efu /
ltgLx?sf 5f/]f5f/]Lsf] vfnLk6]sf] kl/0ffd xf] . bnfOn { fdfsf] zf;gsfndf pgsf sx]L jl/i7
nfdfx?¢f/f ^) eGbf w/]} ks | f/sf s/x? nufOG{Yof] hg' u/La eb' f;x?nfO{ zfi]f0f ug{] ‘aw}flgs
} f/’ lyof] . s;n
cf h } ] 5fnfsf] hQ' f nufof] eg] s/ ltgk{' bY{of] . dlxnfn] Pp6f eGbf a9L lSnk
nufpbFf s/ nfUbYof] . s;}n] s's/' jf lj/fnf] kfnd ] f klg To;sf] s/ ltgk{' bY{of] / s's/' sf]
3f6FLdf 306L em'08o\ fPdf klg s/ nfUbYof] . x/s ] km'nbfgLdf s/nfUbYof] . s;s } f] 3/sf] cfuFg
tyf af6fd ] f lxpkF/d
] f To; lxps F f] klg s/ ltgk{' bY{of] . olb s;n } ] lxpF ;kmf u/d ] f af6f]
lehs ] fd
] f klg s/ ltg{' kbY{of] . o;eGbf zfi]f0fsf] r/d pTsif{ s:tf] x'g ;S5 <
ul/a ls;fgx? /ftlbg cfkmg\ f] kl;gf vt]afl/df aufpyF] t/ To;sf]
pAhgLaf6 dflnsx?sf ‘e08f/’ el/Gy] eg] ls;fgx?n] abnfdf cg'lrt s/, ;hfo, hl/jfgf
/ ;fdGtL C0f afS]g' kb{Yof] . ltg{ c6/] ug{] / s/ lt/s ] f ] cw s { §L bv
] fpg g;Sg] eb' f;x?nfO{
hn] xflnGYof] of t xTof ul/GYof] . of] g} wflds { gt]f bnfO{ nfdfsf] wflds { /fHosf] jf:tljs
‘wd‘{ lyof] . kT|o]s ju{ cfkm'eGbf dflyNnf] jua{f6 zfl]ift lyof] . tNnf] aus { f ls;fgx?
dflyNnf] aus { f t lgDgaus { f nfdfx? pkNnf] jus { f nfdfx?af6 lkl8t lyP . tNnf] bhfs { f
nfdfnfO{ lax] ug{ cg'dlt lyPg eg] eb' f;x?n] laxu]g{ rfxd ] f dflnsx?sf] :jLsl[t lng' kb{Yof]
. :jLs[lt lngsf] lglDt pgLx?nfO{ ‘pkxf/’ 6qmfpg' clgjfo{ lyof] . kT|os ] eb' f;sf aRrfx?
bf; eP/ hGdGy] / bf; eP/} dT[oj' /0f uby{] . Tof] g} pgLx?sf] lgolt lyof] h;nfO{ pgLx?
cfkmg\ f] efUo ;DemGy] pgLx?sf] efUo lgdft{f ltg} ;fdlGt / hldGbf/x? lyP h;n] pgLx?sf]
zfi]f0f ug{'nfO{ cfkmg\ f] clwsf/sf] ?kdf lnGy] . pQm cj:yfsf] ltAat wflds { gt]fx?¢f/f wds { f]
gfddf s;/L ;fwf/0f hgtfx?dfly r/d zfi]f0f u/LG5 eGgs ] '/fsf] Ps HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] .

;g\ !(%( kZrft ltAatdf kl/jtg{sf] ;'?jft eof] . ljbf|x] u//] efus ] f
ljbf|x]Lx?sf] hldg eb' f;x?nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf ljt/0f ul/of] eg] cGo hldgbf/ x?sf] hldg
pgLx?nfO{ d'cfAhf lbP/ sAhf ul/of] . k|To]s ltAatLn] cfkmg\ f] hGde/ klxnf] k6s k6]e/L
vfg kfP / dfG5s ] f] h'gLdfly uju{g{ ‘ofU]o’ eP . k'j{ e'bf; 88]\hLn] eg] h:t} pgLx?sf] lglDt
ltAatsf] cfsfzdfly pbfPsf] ;o' { klxnf] k6s ltgLx? cfkmg\ f] lglDt rlDsPsf] lyof] lsgsL
klxns ] f] ;o' { t ;w} ltgLx?sf] dflnsx?sf] lglDt g} rDsGYof] .
cfkmg\ f] ed| 0f cge
' jnfO{ kqsf/ cGgf n'O;{ :6ª«n] cfkmg\ f] nv] f Od
{ f lgs} dfl}ns
tj/af6 k|:tt' u/s ] L 5g\ eg] gk]fnL cgj'fb dn
' k:'tssf] lgs} ;f/f;d + fq k:|tt' u/LPsf]
ePklg oy]i6 hfgsf/Ldn ' s 5 . ljbf|x] kj' {sf] ltAatsf] jf:tljs cj:yf / kl/jtg{ eO/{xs ] f]
ltAatnfO{ ae' m\gsf] lglDt kqsf/ ;dfh eQmk/'¢f/f ks | flzt ul/Psf] of] k:'ts lgs} k7gLo 5
. ltAat rLgsf] cleGg cË xf] / kT|os ] ltAaltx? ltAatnfO{ cfkmg\ f] dfte [ 'dL;uF hf8]/] xb]5
{ g
. t;y{ ltAat d'lQmsf] gf/f p7fP/ rLgdf cftªs dRrfpg rfxgx]?sf] lglDt ca ltAatdf
s'g} :yfg5}g . gk]fnnfO{ ‘6f«lGh6’ agfP/ xfdf|] pQ/L l5ds ] L lj?¢ ug{ vfl]hPsf] if8oGqsf]
lj/fw]df hfUgsf] lglDt klg k':ts kT|os ] gk]fnLsfn ] flu phfl{zn aGg ;Sb5 .