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PATHOLOGYOFAIDS
 
Version 21
by
Edward C. Klatt, MD
Mercer UniversitySchool of MedicineSavannahApril 27, 2010
Copyright
by Edward C. Klatt, MDAll rights reserved worldwide
 
Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 - HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 5
INTRODUCTION 5
BIOLOGY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 7
OTHER HUMAN RETROVIRUSES 19
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AIDS 22
RISK GROUPS FOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION 29
NATURAL HISTORY OF HIV INFECTION 30
PROGRESSION OF HIV INFECTION 34
IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA 38
PREVENTION OF HIV TRANSMISSION 39
TREATMENT FOR AIDS 41
CHAPTER 2 - DIAGNOSIS OF AIDS 54
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 54
PEDIATRIC HIV INFECTION AND AIDS 73
CRITERIA FOR AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX 77
OTHER CAUSES OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION 78
CHAPTER 3 - OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN AIDS 79
PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI (CARINII) INFECTIONS 79
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS 83
MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS 85
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS INFECTIONS 92
HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS 94
CANDIDA INFECTIONS 98
 
Page 3TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTIONS 100
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM INFECTIONS 102
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS INFECTIONS 104
GASTROINTESTINAL PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS 105
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS SEEN WITH AIDS 108
CHAPTER 4 - NEOPLASMS ASSOCIATED WITH AIDS 116
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA 116
MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS 119
OTHER NEOPLASMS 124
CHAPTER 5 - ORGAN SYSTEM PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 126
RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 126
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 144
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 159
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND MUSCLE PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 175
OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 182
LYMPH NODE PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 185
BONE MARROW AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN AIDS 192
THYMUS IN AIDS 196
ENDOCRINE ORGAN PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 197
HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 200
CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 206
GENITOURINARY PATHOLOGY IN AIDS 211
DERMATOPATHOLOGY IN AIDS 217
PANCREAS IN AIDS 228
PREGNANCY AND THE PLACENTA IN AIDS 230
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