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Soldiers Who Rape, Commanders Who Condone
Sexual Violence and Military Reform in theDemocratic Republic of Congo
 
 
Copyright © 2009 Human Rights WatchAll rights reserved.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 1-56432-510-5Cover design by Rafael JimenezHuman Rights Watch350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USATel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300hrwnyc@hrw.orgPoststraße 4-510178 Berlin, GermanyTel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629berlin@hrw.orgAvenue des Gaulois, 71040 Brussels, BelgiumTel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471hrwbe@hrw.org64-66 Rue de Lausanne1202 Geneva, SwitzerlandTel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791hrwgva@hrw.org2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UKTel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800hrwuk@hrw.org27 Rue de Lisbonne75008 Paris, FranceTel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22paris@hrw.org1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500Washington, DC 20009 USATel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333hrwdc@hrw.orgWeb Site Address: http://www.hrw.org
 
 July 2009 1-56432-510-5
Soldiers Who Rape, Commanders Who Condone
Sexual Violence and Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Map of North and South Kivu....................................................................................................... 1
 
 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 2
 
Summary .................................................................................................................................... 4
 
Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 8
 
Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 12
 
I. Sexual Violence in Congo ....................................................................................................... 14
 
“The Worst Place” to Be a Woman or a Child ........................................................................ 14
 
Congo’s Legal Obligations to Prevent, Investigate, and Punish Sexual Violence ................... 16
 
International Law .......................................................................................................... 16
 
Congolese Law .............................................................................................................. 18
 
II. Sexual Violence by the Congolese Army ................................................................................ 20
 
The FARDC: An Army of Former Enemies ............................................................................... 20
 
Sexual Violence .................................................................................................................. 21
 
III. The Case of the 14
th
Brigade ................................................................................................. 23
 
Creation, Structure, and Deployment of the 14
th
Brigade ...................................................... 23
 
Sexual Violence by the 14
th
Brigade ..................................................................................... 27
 
Civilian Protest against Abuses by the 14
th
Brigade .............................................................. 31
 
Lack of Clear Chain of Command ......................................................................................... 32
 
IV. Limited Impact: International and Government Efforts to End Sexual Violence by theCongolese Army ........................................................................................................................ 35
 
Action on Sexual Violence by the Congolese Government and Parliament ............................ 35
 
International Action on Sexual Violence .............................................................................. 36
 
Progress in Assistance to Victims .................................................................................. 36
 
Insufficient Efforts in Protection of Women and Girls ..................................................... 37
 
UN Action on the Policy Level ........................................................................................ 37
 
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