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Freaks of Nature

19th Century Hermaphrodites and the


Medicalization of Gender Transgression
Mythological Origins
 Hermaphrodito

 Hermaphrodito and Salmacis


Historiography
 Alice Dreger
 Michel Foucault
 Less reliable?
 Herculine Barbin
 Professional
Periodicals
 British Medical
Journal, e.g.
Darwin and Gender
 Sexual Selection
 Functionalism
 Hermaphroditism
 Normal for
Flowers
 Monstrous for
humans
 Consanguinity
You're a Man!!!
 Authority
 Causation
 clueless women
 Maternal trauma
 “Treatment”?
 Surgery
 “because I said so”
Monstrosity


“I am sceptical as to the
existence of such of such
freaks of Nature in the
human species.”
 Dr. William Tibbles
British Medical Journal,
1888.
Clinical Privacy
 Typical Photograph
 Face hidden
 Disembodied
hands...
 Subject to Curiosity
Modern Transgressions

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