Briefieng Paper
Biofuel untuk mesin,”Minyak Jelantah”
untukmanusia.
“Mulai Tanggal 1 Juni 2007 harga minyakdipasaran harus sudah mencapai Rp6.500-Rp 6.800 per kilogram”. Dirjen Pengolahandan Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian (P2HP),Djoko Said Damardjati ketika membukaacara Agro and Food Expo 2007.
Minggu pertama bulan Juni sudah berlalu,tapi minyak goreng dipasar domestik(Indonesia) tidak kunjung turun, malahsemakin menanjak naik. Berbagai usahadilakukan oleh pemerintah dari menggelar Operasi Pasar (OP) hingga melahirkankebijakan tentang Domestic MarketObligation (DMO) yang tertuang dalamKeputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 339tahun 2007. Kebijakan Domestic MarketObligation diharapkan mampu menstabilkanharga minyak goreng dalam negeri(Indonesia), karena kebijakan inimengharuskan para pengusaha CPO untukmenyetorkan CPO untuk diolah menjadiminyak goreng guna menjaga kestabilanharga minyak goreng di Indonesia. Tapi taksatupun usaha tersebut berhasil, malahharga minyak goreng terus melambung naikhingga mencapai rate tertinggi yaitu Rp9000/kg. Dan yang paling parah adalah didesa-desa seperti di kabupaten Tebo,Propinsi Jambi, harga minyak gorengmencapai 10.000/kg (Harian Jambi Ekspres,4 Juni 2007), padahal kabupaten ini adalahsalah satu wilayah pusat perkebunan kelapasawit di Propinsi Jambi.
1
“Minyak Jelantah” adalah minyak yang sudahdipergunakan untuk memasak, kemudiandipergunakan kembali. Minyak jenis inilah yangsaat sekarang dijual dan dikonsumsi oleh rumahtangga miskin di Indonesia.
Briefing Paper
Biofuel for machine,”
Jelantah
Oil”
for human
“Starting from 1 June 2007 the oil price in themarket should have been reached Rp6,500-Rp6,800 per kilogram”. Directorate Generalfor Processing and Marketing the AgriculturalProduct (P2HP), Djoko Said Damardjatiwhen he opens Agro and Food Expo 2007.
The first weekin June haspassed, butthe cooking oilin thedomesticmarket(Indonesia) does not go down, even moreand more increases. Various attempts areconducted by the government, fromspreading out the Market Operation toexpressing the policy on Domestic MarketObligation (DMO) which is poured out in theDecree of Ministry of Agriculture Number 339in 2007. Domestic Market Obligation policy isexpected to be able to stabilize the domesticcooking oil price (Indonesia), because thispolicy requires the entrepreneurs of CPO for paying CPO to be processed into the cookingoil for maintaining the stability of cooking oilprice in Indonesia. But no attempt succeeds,even the cooking oil price should jump upuntil reaches the highest rate i.e.Rp9.000/kg. And the most serious conditionis the village like in Tebo district, JambiProvince, the cooking oil price reaches10,000/kg (
Jambi Ekspres Daily, 4 June2007
), besides this district is an oil palmplantation center area in Jambi Province.
2
“
Jelantah
Oil” is the oil which has been used for cooking, it is then reused. This kind of oil at themoment is sold and consumed by the poor household in Indonesia.
Strategi pemerintah dengan menggelar Operasi Pasar, ternyata tidak membanturakyat, karena selisih harga minyak gorengantara “harga pasar” dengan harga “OperasiPasar” hanya berbeda Rp 200 per kilogramsaja. Strategi pemerintah melalui DomesticMarket Obligation (DMO) ternyata juga takberarti apa-apa, karena ternyata banyakperusahaan yang mengingkari perjanjiandengan pihak pemerintah. Contoh kasus diPropinsi Riau, sekitar 18 perusahaan tidakkunjung mengirimkan CPO ke pabrikpengolah untuk diproduksi menjadi minyakgoreng (Harian
Riau Pos
,
07 Juni 2007). Jikadalam skala regional saja, misalnya regionSumatera, perusahaan lebih tertarik menjualCPO kepasar luar negeri ketimbang harusmenjualnya dengan harga murah dipasar dalam negeri, apalagi dalam skala nasional,tentu saja perusahaan akan tertarik untuk juga melakukan ekspor (menjual CPO kepasar internasional).Ketidak berhasilan kebijakan strategi DMOtidak hanya dipicu karena lemahnya kontrolpemerintah terhadap pengusaha-pengusahaperkebunan kelapa sawit yang notabeneberoperasi diwilayah Indonesia, tapi jugakegagalan pemerintah melakukan negoisasiharga dengan pihak pengusah --- pengusahameminta pemerintah memberikan subsidiharga untuk CPO yang mereka jual di pasar domestic (Indonesia).
The example of “Jelantah Oil”
The government strategy by spreading outthe Market Operation apparently does nothelp the people, because the difference of cooking oil price between “market price” with“Market Operation” price is only different of Rp200 per kilogram. The governmentstrategy through Domestic Market Obligation(DMO) apparently means nothing, becauseapparently a lot of companies disavow theagreement with the government. Casesample in Riau Province, around 18companies never send CPO to theprocessing factory to be produced to becomethe cooking oil (
Riau Pos Daily, 07 June2007
). If in the regional scale, such asSumatra region, the company is moreinterested in selling CPO to the abroadmarket than it should sell with the cheapprice to the domestic price, moreover in thenational scale, of course the company will beinterested in conducting the export (sellingCPO to the international market).The unsuccessful of policy of DMO strategyis not only triggered, because it is theweakness of government control toward theoil palm plantation entrepreneurs whichoperates in Indonesian area, but also thegovernment failure to conduct the pricenegotiation with the entrepreneur party --- theentrepreneur asks the government to givethe price subsidy for CPO which they sell inthe domestic market (Indonesia).
The example of Cooking oil
Harga minyak sawit dunia terus merangkaknaik dari 740 dollar AS per ton dibulan Mei,naik menjadi 870 dollar AS per ton di bulanJuni (Liputan 6 SCTV 10 Juni 2007)
.
Kenaikan harga ini dipicu dengan permintaandi pasar luar negeri akan CPO sebagaibahan bakar Biofuel (
lihat Position paper SETARA Jambi dalam “Indonesia under BiofuelFever: Food, Fuel, Machine, Human Being notdifferent” 24 Mei 2007).
Dampak dari tingginya harga minyak goreng,yang menjadi salah satu dari sembilan bahanpokok ini, telah menggerogoti kehidupanrakyat miskin, tidak hanya pendapatanekonomi mereka, tetapi juga kesehatannya.Berikut beberapa dampak yang munculakibat kenaikan harga minyak goreng diIndonesia akibat “demam biofuel” :1.
Industri kecil (home industry), sepertiindustri kerupuk, tempe dan tahu goreng,banyak yang mulai serta telah bangkrut.2.
Masyarakat miskin tidak mampumembeli minyak goreng kelapa sawitberalih membeli minyak goreng oplosanatau minyak goreng jelantah, yang jauhdari standar kesehatan, bahkan bisamemperburuk kesehatan.3.
Beberapa penjual minyak gorengmencampur minyak jelantah denganbahan kimia seperti Hidrogen (H2O2),guna tetap mempertahankanpendapatannya (Liputan InvestigasiSCTV 10 Juni 2007). Pencampurandengan bahan kimia ini memang bisamenjernihkan warna minyak jelantah,tetapi diyakini mempunyai dampaknegative buat kesehatan.The world palm oil price continuously makesslow progress to increase from US$740 per ton in May, which is increasing to US$i870per ton in June (
Liputan 6 SCTV 10 June2007
)
.
The price increase is triggered withthe demand in the abroad market which willbe CPO as Biofuel
(see Position paper SETARA Jambi in “Indonesia under BiofuelFever: Food, Fuel, Machine, Human Being notdifferent” 24 May 2007).
The impact of the high of cooking oil price,which becomes one of nine staple foods, hasundermined the life of poor people, not onlytheir economic income, but also their health.The following are some impacts whichappear due to the increase of cooking oilprice in Indonesia, due to “biofuel fever”:1.
The home industry, like fried chips,fermented soybean cake, and tofu, startsand has been bankrupt.2.
The poor community cannot purchasepalm cooking oil to change into buy
oplosan
cooking oil or cooking oil whichhas been used for cooking and will bereused, which is far from the healthstandard, even makes worse the health.3.
Some cooking oil sellers mix the oilwhich has been used for cooking and willbe reused with chemical such asHydrogen (H2O2), for keepingmaintaining their incomes (LiputanInvestigasi SCTV 10 June 2007). Themixing with chemical indeed can clear upthe color for oil which has been used for cooking and will be reused it is believedto have the negative impact for health.
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