Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WCNC 2010
2010.04.18
Dr. Hyung G. Myung
Qualcomm / Flarion
Outline
4G Enabling Technologies
WiMAX
1
Introduction and Background
The Beginning
2
Introduction and Background
Wireless Evolution
3
Introduction and Background
4
Introduction and Background
Wireless Trends
5
Introduction and Background
6
Introduction and Background
Towards 4G
7
Introduction and Background
Wireless Backgrounds
• Fundamental limits
• Cellular system
8
Introduction and Background
Fundamental Constraints
• Shannon’s capacity upper bound
– Achievable data rate is fundamentally limited by bandwidth and signal
-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Signal power
S
C BW log 2 1 [bits per second]
N
Channel bandwidth Noise power
9
Introduction and Background
50
C S
log 2 1 Energy
BW N per bit 40
E C
log 2 1 b
30
N BW Power-limited Bandwidth-limited
Eb/N0 [dB]
0
20
Noise power
C spectral density
Eb 2 BW 1 10
Bandwidth
N0 C
BW efficiency 0
-10
0.1 1 10 100
C/BW (Bandwidth efficiency)
10
Introduction and Background
• Spectrum limitations
• Limited energy
• User mobility
• Resource management
11
Introduction and Background
Duplexing
• Two ways to duplex downlink (base station to mobile) and
uplink (mobile to base station)
– Frequency division duplexing (FDD)
– Time division duplexing (TDD)
12
Introduction and Background
13
Introduction and Background
14
Introduction and Background
Wireless Channel
• Wireless channel experiences multi-path radio propagation.
15
Introduction and Background
16
Introduction and Background
Multi-Path Channel
• Multi-path channel causes:
– Inter-symbol interference (ISI) and fading in the time domain.
– Frequency-selectivity in the frequency domain.
3GPP 6-Tap Typical Urban (TU6) Channel Delay Profile Frequency Response of 3GPP TU6 Channel in 5MHz Band
2.5
2
0.8
1.5
0.6
1
0.4
0.2 0.5
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time [sec] Frequency [MHz]
17
Introduction and Background
18
Introduction and Background
Mobile User
• When the user is mobile, the channel becomes time-varying.
19
Introduction and Background
Mobile speed = 3 km/h (5.6 Hz doppler) Mobile speed = 60 km/h (111 Hz doppler)
Channel Gain [linear]
0 0
5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
Frequency [MHz] 0 0 Time [msec] Frequency [MHz] 0 0 Time [msec]
20
Introduction and Background
Wireless Spectrum
21
Introduction and Background
• A large geographical
region is segmented into
smaller “cell”s.
– Transmit power limitation
– Facilitates frequency
spectrum re-use
22
Introduction and Background
• Frequency re-use
F1 F3
F1 F1 F4 F2
F1 F1
F1 F1 F5 F7
F1 F6
23
Introduction and Background
• Sectorized cells
24
Introduction and Background
• Frequency re-use = 3
25
Outline
4G Enabling Technologies
WiMAX
26
4G Enabling Technologies
4G Enabling Technologies
• OFDM/OFDMA
• SC-FDMA
• MIMO
27
4G Enabling Technologies
Serial-to-parallel
e j 2 f0t
Output symbol
Input data block
e j 2 f1t
e j 2 f N 1t
28
4G Enabling Technologies
OFDM - cont.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Subcarrier
29
4G Enabling Technologies
OFDM - cont.
Channel response
Frequency
Subcarrier
30
4G Enabling Technologies
OFDM - cont.
Frequency
Time Time
31
4G Enabling Technologies
OFDM - cont.
N-
Add
point
CP/ PS
IDFT
Channel N-
Remove
Detect inversion point
CP
(equalization) DFT
32
4G Enabling Technologies
OFDM - cont.
33
4G Enabling Technologies
User 1
User 2
User 3
subcarriers
34
4G Enabling Technologies
• Because the DFT size does not grow linearly with the length of
the channel response, the complexity of FDE is lower than
that of the equivalent time domain equalizer for broadband
channel.
35
4G Enabling Technologies
FDE - cont.
Time domain y h x
Channel x h 1 * y
Fourier
x h y
transform
Y HX
Frequency domain X H 1 Y
36
4G Enabling Technologies
FDE - cont.
CP Symbols
37
4G Enabling Technologies
FDE - cont.
• References
– M. V. Clark, “Adaptive Frequency-Domain Equalization and
Diversity Combining for Broadband Wireless Communications,”
IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, Oct. 1998
– M. Tüchler et al., “Linear Time and Frequency Domain Turbo
Equalization,” Proc. IEEE 53rd Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC), vol. 2,
May 2001
– F. Pancaldi et al., “Block Channel Equalization in the Frequency
Domain,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, no. 3, Mar. 2005
38
4G Enabling Technologies
SC/FDE
Add N- N-
xn CP/ Channel
Remove
CP
point Equalization point Detect
PS DFT IDFT
OFDM
N- Add N-
xn point CP/ Channel
Remove
CP
point Equalization Detect
IDFT PS DFT
39
4G Enabling Technologies
SC/FDE - cont.
40
4G Enabling Technologies
SC/FDE - cont.
• References
– H. Sari et al., “Transmission Techniques for Digital Terrestrial TV
Broadcasting,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 33, no. 2, Feb. 1995, pp. 100-
109.
– D. Falconer et al., “Frequency Domain Equalization for Single-Carrier
Broadband Wireless Systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, Apr.
2002, pp. 58-66.
41
4G Enabling Technologies
• Reference
– F. Adachi et al., “Broadband CDMA Techniques,” IEEE Wireless
Comm., vol. 12, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp. 8-18.
Add M- M-
xn Spreading CP/ Channel
Remove
CP
point Equalization point
De-
spreading
Detect
PS DFT IDFT
42
4G Enabling Technologies
43
4G Enabling Technologies
N- M-
P-to-S
S-to-P
Channel
Subcarrier
N- M-
P-to-S
S-to-P
De- Remove RF
Detect point point
mapping/ CP / ADC
IDFT DFT
Equalization
*N<M
SC-FDMA: +
* S-to-P: Serial-to-Parallel
* P-to-S: Parallel-to-Serial OFDMA:
44
4G Enabling Technologies
N- M-
P-to-S
Subcarrier Add CP DAC
point point
Mapping / PS / RF
DFT IDFT
45
4G Enabling Technologies
Subcarrier Mapping
• Two ways to map subcarriers; distributed and localized.
X0 X0 X0
Zeros
Zeros X0
X1 X1
Zeros
X2
X N 1
X N 1 Zeros
Zeros
X M 1 X M 1
Distributed Localized
46
4G Enabling Technologies
Terminal 1
Terminal 2
Terminal 3
subcarriers subcarriers
47
4G Enabling Technologies
xn : x0 x1 x2 x3
2
N 1 j
DFT X k xn e
nk
N
, N 4
n 0
X k : X0 X1 X2 X3
X~ l , IFDMA X0 0 0 X1 0 0 X2 0 0 X3 0 0
X~ l , DFDMA X0 0 X1 0 X2 0 X3 0 0 0 0 0
X
Current
~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 implementation
X0 X1 X2 X3
l , LFDMA in 3GPP LTE
frequency
48
4G Enabling Technologies
xn x0 x1 x2 x3
Q x m , IFDMA x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3
Q x m , LFDMA x0 * * x1 * * x2 * * x3 * *
Q x m , DFDMA x0 * * x2 * * x0 * * x2 * *
time
3
* ck ,m xk , ck ,m : complex weight
k 0
49
4G Enabling Technologies
0.5
IFDMA
LFDMA
0.4 DFDMA
Amplitude [linear]
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 QPSK
10 20 30 40 50 60
Symbol
50
4G Enabling Technologies
• Similarities
– Block-based modulation and use of CP.
– Divides the transmission bandwidth into smaller subcarriers.
– Channel inversion/equalization is done in the frequency domain.
– SC-FDMA is regarded as DFT-precoded or DFT-spread OFDMA.
51
4G Enabling Technologies
OFDMA symbol
SC-FDMA symbols*
time
* Bandwidth spreading factor : 4
52
4G Enabling Technologies
Equalizer Detect
Subcarrier Equalizer Detect
OFDMA DFT De-
mapping
Equalizer Detect
Subcarrier
SC-FDMA DFT De- Equalizer IDFT Detect
mapping
53
4G Enabling Technologies
54
4G Enabling Technologies
• Conventional spreading
x0 x1 x2 x3
Data Sequence
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Signature Sequence
x0 x0 x0 x0 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x2 x2 x2 x3 x3 x3 x3
time
55
4G Enabling Technologies
• Exchanged spreading
1 1 1 1
Signature Sequence
x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3
Data Sequence
IFDMA
x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3 x0 x1 x2 x3
time
56
4G Enabling Technologies
DS-CDMA
* DFT-based FDE
* Block-based
OFDMA /FDE
processing & CP
57
4G Enabling Technologies
-1
10 -1
10
Pr(PAPR>PAPR )
0
Pr(PAPR>PAPR )
0
-2 IFDMA -2 IFDMA
10 10
DFDMA DFDMA
-3 -3
LFDMA
10 10
Dotted lines: no PS Dotted lines: no PS
Dashed lines: RRC PS Dashed lines: RRC PS
Solid lines: RC PS LFDMA Solid lines: RC PS
-4 -4
10 10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
PAPR [dB] PAPR [dB]
0 0
H. G. Myung et al., “Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of Single Carrier FDMA Signals with Pulse Shaping", IEEE
International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) 2006.
58
4G Enabling Technologies
MIMO
• Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique improves
communication link quality and capacity by using multiple
transmit and receive antennas.
Transmitter Receiver
MIMO channel
59
4G Enabling Technologies
MIMO - cont.
• Spatial diversity
– Improves link quality (SNR) by combining multiple independently
faded signal replicas.
– With Nt Tx and Nr Rx antennas, NtNr diversity gain is achievable.
– Smart antenna, Alamouti transmit diversity, and space-time coding.
• Spatial multiplexing
– Increases data throughput by sending multiple streams of data
through parallel spatial channels.
– With Nt Tx and Nr Rx antennas, min(Nt,Nr) multiplexing gain is
achievable.
– BLAST (Bell Labs Space-Time Architecture) and unitary precoding.
60
4G Enabling Technologies
y1
h1
y2
h2
Coherent
x1
combining
x1
hN r
yNr
* Narrowband channel
61
4G Enabling Technologies
h11
h21 y1
x1 hNr 1
y2
x2
hNr Nt
xNt
yNr
* Narrowband channel
62
4G Enabling Technologies
y1 h11 h1Nt x1 n1
y N hN 1 hNr Nt xNt nNr
r r
y Hxn
Singular value decomposition (SVD)
H UDV H y UDV H x n
U H y U H U DV H x U H n
I
U H y DV H x U H n
y x n
y Dx n
Diagonal matrix
63
4G Enabling Technologies
h11
d11
h21 y1 y1
x1 hNr 1 x1
d21
y2 y2
x2 x2
d Nt Nt
hNr Nt
xNt xNt
yNr yNr
* Nt < Nr
64
4G Enabling Technologies
Yk H k X k N k
Yk Dk X k N k
Yk U k H Yk
k
X V H
k Xk
N
k U H
k Nk
65
4G Enabling Technologies
Unitary Precoding
Unitary Xk
Xk Precoding
X k Vk X k
MIMO Channel
Hk
Yk
Receiver Zk
Hk X k
Nk
Vk
U k DkVkH Vk X k
U k Dk X k
66
4G Enabling Technologies
Channel-Dependent Scheduling
Channel gain
User 2
User 1
Frequency
Subcarriers
67
4G Enabling Technologies
68
4G Enabling Technologies
1.5
0.5
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Subcarriers
69
4G Enabling Technologies
case of IFDMA. 20
– Localized: Frequency
15
selective gain with channel
dependent scheduling 10
70
4G Enabling Technologies
F = F1 + F2 + F3
71
4G Enabling Technologies
FFR - cont.
F = F1 + F2 + F3
Cell-center users:
Cell-edge users:
72
4G Enabling Technologies
FFR - cont.
73
Outline
4G Enabling Technologies
WiMAX
74
3GPP LTE
3GPP Evolution
• Release 99 (2000): UMTS/WCDMA
• Rel-5 (2002): HSDPA
• Rel-6 (2005): HSUPA
• Rel-7 (2007) and beyond: HSPA+
• Long Term Evolution (LTE)
– 3GPP work on the Evolution started in November 2004.
– Standardized in the form of Rel-8 (Dec. 2008).
• LTE-Advanced
– More bandwidth (up to 100 MHz) and backward compatible with LTE.
– Standardization in progress (targeted for Rel-10).
75
3GPP LTE
Requirements of LTE
• Peak data rate
– 100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL within 20 MHz bandwidth.
76
3GPP LTE
77
3GPP LTE
Release 10
Release 9
Release 8
78
3GPP LTE
Layers 2 and 3: Medium access control, radio link control, and radio
TS 36.3xx
resource control.
79
3GPP LTE
Protocol Architecture
Physical channels
Transceiver
80
3GPP LTE
MME MME
GGSN S-GW/P-GW S-GW/P-GW
SGSN S1
RNC RNC
eNB eNB
X2
NB NB NB NB eNB eNB
E-UTRAN
NB: NodeB (base station) eNB: E-UTRAN NodeB
RNC: Radio Network Controller MME: Mobility Management Entity
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node S-GW: Serving Gateway
* 3GPP TS 36.300
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node P-GW: PDN (Packet Data Network) Gateway
81
3GPP LTE
• eNB
– All radio interface-related EPC (Evolved Packet Core)
82
3GPP LTE
UTRAN
SGSN
GERAN HSS
S3
S1-MME S6a
MME
PCR
S12 F Rx+
S11 S7
S4
"LTE-Uu" S10
Serving S5 PDN SGi
UE E-UTRAN Gateway Gateway Operator's IP Services
S1-U (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
* Non-roaming architecture
* 3GPP TS 23.401
83
3GPP LTE
RB Control
PDCP
S-GW P-GW
RLC
Mobility UE IP address
MAC Anchoring allocation
S1
PHY Packet Filtering
internet
E-UTRAN EPC
* 3GPP TS 36.300
84
3GPP LTE
UE eNB
PDCP PDCP
PHY PHY
UE eNB MME
NAS NAS
RRC RRC
Control-Plane
Protocol PDCP PDCP
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
* 3GPP TS 36.300
85
3GPP LTE
Frame Structure
86
3GPP LTE
#0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19
87
3GPP LTE
One half-frame = 5 ms
One subframe = 1 ms
88
3GPP LTE
Resource Grid
One radio frame
Slot #0 #19
N symb
Resource block
N symb N scRB resource elements
Subcarrier (frequency)
89
3GPP LTE
Length of CP
Configuration N symb
Normal CP 7
Extended CP 6
Extended CP (Df = 7.5 kHz)† 3
† Only in downlink
90
3GPP LTE
Channel
1.4 3 5 10 15 20
bandwidth [MHz]
Number of
6 15 25 50 75 100
resource blocks (NRB)
Number of
72 180 300 600 900 1200
occupied subcarriers
*3GPP TS 36.104
91
3GPP LTE
Bandwidth Configuration
1 slot
Zeros
DL or UL symbol
Resource
block frequency
N scRB UL
N RB N scRB M
12 300 512
(180 kHz) (4.5 MHz) (7.68 MHz)
Zeros
92
3GPP LTE
• DL
– Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
– Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
– Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
– Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
– Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
– Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
• UL
– Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
– Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
– Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
93
3GPP LTE
• DL
– Broadcast Channel (BCH)
– Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
– Paging Channel (PCH)
– Multicast Channel (MCH)
• UL
– Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
– Random Access Channel (RACH)
94
3GPP LTE
95
3GPP LTE
Channel Mappings
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH Logical CCCH DCCH DTCH
channels
Transport
PCH BCH DL-SCH MCH RACH UL-SCH
channels
Physical
PDSCH PBCH PMCH PDCCH channels PRACH PUSCH PUCCH
Downlink Uplink
96
3GPP LTE
LTE Layer 2
• Layer 2 has three sublayers
– MAC (Medium Access Control)
– RLC (Radio Link Control)
– PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol)
DL UL
ROHC: Robust Header Compression * 3GPP TS 36.300
97
3GPP LTE
RRC Layer
• Terminated in eNB on the network side.
• Functions
– Broadcast
– Paging
– RRC connection management
– RB (Radio Bearer) management
– Mobility functions
– UE measurement reporting and control
• RRC states
– RRC_IDLE
– RRC_CONNECTED
98
3GPP LTE
99
3GPP LTE
100
3GPP LTE
Other Features
• Mobility
• Rate control
• MBMS
• QoS
• Security
101
3GPP LTE
DL Overview
• DL physical channels
– Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
– Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
– Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
– Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
– Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
– Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
• DL physical signals
– Reference signal (RS)
– Synchronization signal
102
3GPP LTE
Scrambling
Modulation mapping
103
3GPP LTE
DL Reference Signal
104
3GPP LTE
105
3GPP LTE
R0 R0
*With normal CP
One antenna port
R0 R0
*3GPP TS 36.211
R0 R0
R0 R0
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenan port
R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3 R3
Four antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
106
3GPP LTE
DL MIMO
• Supported up to 4x4 configuration.
• MU-MIMO supported.
107
3GPP LTE
UL Overview
• UL physical channels
– Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
– Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
– Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
• UL physical signals
– Reference signal (RS)
108
3GPP LTE
UL Resource Block
*PUSCH with normal CP
Resource Reference
block (RB) symbols (RS)
Frequency
Subcarrier
Time
109
3GPP LTE
Scrambling
Modulation mapping
SC-FDMA
Resource element mapping
modulation
110
3GPP LTE
Localized mapping
Subcarrier with an option of
Mapping adaptive scheduling
or random hopping.
M-
Zeros
1
subcarrier
Serial- Parallel
x0 , x1 , xN 1 to-
N- M-
-to- x0 , x1 , xM 1
DFT IDFT
Parallel Serial
One SC-FDMA
symbol
Zeros
0
111
3GPP LTE
UL Reference Signal
• Two types of UL RS
– Demodulation (DM) RS Narrowband.
– Sounding RS: Used for UL resource scheduling Broadband.
j 2 r k 2 qk , k 0,1,2, , L 1; for L even * r is any integer relatively prime
e L 2 with L and q is any integer.
ak
r k ( k 1)
j 2 L 2 qk , k 0,1,2, , L 1; for L odd
e
B. M. Popovic, “Generalized Chirp-like Polyphase Sequences with Optimal Correlation Properties,”
IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 38, Jul. 1992, pp. 1406-1409.
112
3GPP LTE
UL RS Multiplexing
User 1
User 2
User 3
subcarriers subcarriers
113
3GPP LTE
UL RS Multiplexing - cont.
114
3GPP LTE
Cell Search
• Cell search: Mobile terminal or user equipment (UE) acquires
time and frequency synchronization with a cell and detects
the cell ID of that cell.
– Based on hierarchical synchronization signals.
115
3GPP LTE
Random Access
• Non-synchronized random access.
TCP TGP
3 Scheduled Transmission
116
3GPP LTE
Other Procedures
• Power control
117
3GPP LTE
LTE-Advanced Requirements
• Peak data rate:
– 1 Gbps DL and 500 Mbps UL
• Latency
– Less than 10 ms within Connected mode
– Less than 50 ms from Idle to Connected mode
• Spectrum
– Up to 100 MHz bandwidth
– Support for non-consecutive bands (spectrum aggregation)
118
3GPP LTE
• Carrier aggregation
• Enhanced MIMO
• Relaying
119
3GPP LTE
120
3GPP LTE
100 MHz
CC 20 MHz
60 MHz
Non-contiguous
60 MHz
Contiguous
20 MHz
R8 LTE
121
3GPP LTE
122
3GPP LTE
• Downlink MIMO
– Up to 8x8 (8 layer) configuration
– Additional RS: CSI-RS and UE-specific DM RS
– Support for MU-MIMO
– Enhancements to CSI feedback
• Uplink MIMO
– Introduction of UL transmit diversity
– Introduction of up to 4x4 SU-MIMO
– Use of turbo serial interference canceller
123
3GPP LTE
124
3GPP LTE
LTE-A: Relaying
• Improves coverage and cell-edge performance.
Donor cell
Relay node
125
3GPP LTE
126
Outline
4G Enabling Technologies
WiMAX
127
WiMAX
What is WiMAX?
• Mobile WiMAX
– Based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 and IEEE 802.16-2004 standards.
128
WiMAX
129
WiMAX
System
Release 1.0 Release 1.5 Release 2.0
profile
IEEE 802.16-2004 802.16Rev2 802.16m
Standard 802.16e-2005 802.16j
Wave 1
Certification
Wave 2
•TDD only •TDD & (H)FDD •TDD & FDD
•1x2 SIMO in Wave 1 •Higher VoIP capacity •Candidate for
•2x2 MIMO & beamforming •2x2 UL MIMO IMT-Advanced
Comments in Wave 2 •UL 64-QAM
•Bandwidth: 5, 8.75, & 10 •Bandwidth: up to 20
MHz MHz
•Multi-hop relay
130
WiMAX
Mobile
Mobile
WiMAX ASN-GW CSN
terminals
base station
ASN
ASN
ASN-GW: Access Service Network Gateway
ASN: Access Service Network
CSN: Core Service Network
131
WiMAX
• Security
– Strong mutual device authentication based on IEEE 802.16
security framework.
• QoS
– Support for different levels of QoS
– Admission control
– Implementation of policies
132
WiMAX
Frame Structure
134
WiMAX
135
WiMAX
• Hybrid ARQ
136
WiMAX
MAC Features
• QoS Support
– 5 Categories of QoS: Unsolicited grant service (UGS), real-time
polling service (rtPS), extended real-time polling service (ErtPS),
non-real-time polling service (nrtPS), and best-effort service (BE).
• Scheduling service
– Fast data scheduler for both DL and UL
– Dynamic resource allocation
– QoS oriented
– Frequency-selective scheduling
• Mobility management
• Security
137
WiMAX
MIMO Features
• Beamforming
– Improves coverage and capacity and reduces outage
probability.
• Space-time code
– Provides spatial diversity and reduces fade margin.
• Spatial multiplexing
– Achieves higher data rate.
– Up to 2x2 MIMO.
138
WiMAX
Other Features
139
WiMAX
140
Outline
4G Enabling Technologies
WiMAX
141
Summary and References
Summary
142
Summary and References
143
Summary and References
– MIMO
• A. Paulraj et al., Introduction to Space-Time Wireless Communications,
Cambridge University Press, May 2003.
• G. L. Stüber et al., “Broadband MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications,”
Proceedings of the IEEE, Feb. 2004, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 271-294.
– Multicarrier scheduling
• G. Song and Y. Li, “Utility-based Resource Allocation and Scheduling
in OFDM-based Wireless Broadband Networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag.,
vol. 43, no. 12, Dec. 2005, pp. 127-134.
144
Summary and References
• 3GPP LTE
– Spec
• http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm
• http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25814.htm (old)
– 3G Americas
• http://3gamericas.org
– http://www.LTEwatch.com
145
Summary and References
• WiMAX
– IEEE 802.16e Spec
• http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf
– IEEE 802.16m working document (http://wirelessman.org/tgm/index.
html)
• System requirements document (IEEE 802.16m-07/002r6)
• System description document (IEEE 802.16m-07/003r6)
• Evaluation methodology document (IEEE 802.16m-07/004r4)
– WiMAX Forum, “Mobile WiMAX - Part I: A Technical Overview and Per
formance Evaluation,” available at http://www.wimaxforum.org/sites
/wimaxforum.org/files/documentation/2009/mobile_wimax_part1_o
verview_and_performance.pdf
146
Questions? Thank you!
WCNC 2010
2010.04.18
Dr. Hyung G. Myung
Qualcomm / Flarion