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GATE Syllabus for a various branches including UG and PG.
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Electrical Engineering - EE
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and ei
gen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of defi
nite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple in
tegrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surfa
ce and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher orde
r linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation
of parameters, Cauchys and Eulers equations, Initial and boundary value problems
, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and integral for
mula, Taylors and Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, me
dian, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous dis
tributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regressio
n analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi
-step methods for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Electric Circuits and Fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, t
ransient response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, reson
ance, basic filter concepts; ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenins, Norto
ns and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, thr
ee phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, lin
e, plane and spherical charge distributions; Amperes and Biot-Savarts laws; indu
ctance; dielectrics; capacitance.
Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shi
fting and scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier
series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier
, Laplace and Z transforms.
Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer - equivalent circuit, phasor diagr
am, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers - connections, pa
rallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines -
types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, s
tarting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors - principles,
types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase ind
uction motors; synchronous machines - performance, regulation and parallel opera
tion of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and
stepper motors.
Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and per
formance; cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribu
tion systems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load f
low; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical c
omponents; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance
protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; system
stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission an
d FACTS concepts.
Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; stea
dy-state errors; Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead
and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state transition matrix, controlla
bility and observability.
Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving
iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, curre
nt, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters
and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes;
potentiometric recorders; error analysis.
Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers
- biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback a
mplifiers; operational amplifiers - characteristics and applications; simple act
ive filters; VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multi
plexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A
converters; 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture, programming and interfaci
ng.
Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristor
s, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs - static characteristics and principles of op
eration; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters - full
y controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basis co
ncepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives.
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and ei
gen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of defi
nite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple in
tegrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surfa
ce and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher orde
r linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation
of parameters, Cauchys and Eulers equations, Initial and boundary value problems
, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and integral for
mula, Taylors and Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, me
dian, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous dis
tributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regressio
n analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi
-step methods for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.
Mechanical Engineering - ME
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and ei
gen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability,
Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial der
ivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Ve
ctor identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, St
okes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher ord
er linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchys and Eulers
equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of
one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem, Taylor and Laur
ent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Co
nditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variabl
es, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods:Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equatio
ns Integration by trapezoidal and Simpsons rule, single and multi-step methods f
or differential equations.
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
Basics of Circuits and Measurement Systems: Kirchoffs laws, mesh and nodal Analy
sis. Circuit theorems. One-port and two-port Network Functions. Static and dynam
ic characteristics of Measurement Systems. Error and uncertainty analysis. Stati
stical analysis of data and curve fitting.
Transducers, Mechanical Measurement and Industrial Instrumentation: Resistive, C
apacitive, Inductive and piezoelectric transducers and their signal conditioning
. Measurement of displacement, velocity and acceleration (translational and rota
tional), force, torque, vibration and shock. Measurement of pressure, flow, temp
erature and liquid level. Measurement of pH, conductivity, viscosity and humidit
y.
Analog Electronics: Characteristics of diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circui
ts. Transistors at low and high frequencies, Amplifiers, single and multi-stage.
Feedback amplifiers. Operational amplifiers, characteristics and circuit config
urations. Instrumentation amplifier. Precision rectifier. V-to-I and I-to-V conv
erter. Op-Amp based active filters. Oscillators and signal generators.
Digital Electronics: Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean funct
ions. IC families, TTL, MOS and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits. Comparators, Schmitt
trigger, timers and mono-stable multi-vibrator. Sequential circuits, flip-flops,
counters, shift registers. Multiplexer, S/H circuit. Analog-to-Digital and Digi
tal-to-Analog converters. Basics of number system. Microprocessor applications,
memory and input-output interfacing. Microcontrollers.
Signals, Systems and Communications: Periodic and aperiodic signals. Impulse res
ponse, transfer function and frequency response of first- and second order syste
ms. Convolution, correlation and characteristics of linear time invariant system
s. Discrete time system, impulse and frequency response. Pulse transfer function
. IIR and FIR filters. Amplitude and frequency modulation and demodulation. Samp
ling theorem, pulse code modulation. Frequency and time division multiplexing. A
mplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying and pulse shift keying for digital
modulation.
Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers, measurement
of R,L and C. Measurements of voltage, current, power, power factor and energy.
A.C & D.C current probes. Extension of instrument ranges. Q-meter and waveform a
nalyzer. Digital voltmeter and multi-meter. Time, phase and frequency measuremen
ts. Cathode ray oscilloscope. Serial and parallel communication. Shielding and g
rounding.
Control Systems and Process Control: Feedback principles. Signal flow graphs. Tr
ansient Response, steady-state-errors. Routh and Nyquist criteria. Bode plot, ro
ot loci. Time delay systems. Phase and gain margin. State space representation o
f systems. Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components. Synchro pair,
servo and step motors. On-off, cascade, P, P-I, P-I-D, feed forward and derivati
ve controller, Fuzzy controllers.
Analytical, Optical and Biomedical Instrumentation: Mass spectrometry. UV, visib
le and IR spectrometry. X-ray and nuclear radiation measurements. Optical source
s and detectors, LED, laser, Photo-diode, photo-resistor and their characteristi
cs. Interferometers, applications in metrology. Basics of fiber optics. Biomedic
al instruments, EEG, ECG and EMG. Clinical measurements. Ultrasonic transducers
and Ultrasonography. Principles of Computer Assisted Tomography.
Civil Engineering - CE
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and ei
genvectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability,
Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial der
ivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Ve
ctor identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, St
okes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher ord
er linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchys and Eulers
equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of
one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem, Taylor and Laur
ent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Co
nditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variabl
es, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equati
ons Integration by trapezoidal and Simpsons rule, single and multi-step methods
for differential equations.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams. Simpl
e stress and strain relationship: Stress and strain in two dimensions, principal
stresses, stress transformation, Mohrs circle. Simple bending theory, flexural
and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear centre. Thin walled pressure ve
ssels, uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses
.
Structural Analysis: Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches, beams,
cables and frames, displacements in statically determinate structures and analys
is of statically indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods, analysis by
displacement methods (slope deflection and moment distribution methods), influen
ce lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic concepts of matrix
methods of structural analysis.
Concrete Structures: Concrete Technology- properties of concrete, basics of mix
design. Concrete design- basic working stress and limit state design concepts, a
nalysis of ultimate load capacity and design of members subjected to flexure, sh
ear, compression and torsion by limit state methods. Basic elements of prestress
ed concrete, analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads.
Steel Structures: Analysis and design of tension and compression members, beams
and beam- columns, column bases. Connections- simple and eccentric, beamcolumn c
onnections, plate girders and trusses. Plastic analysis of beams and frames.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil classification, three - phase system, fund
amental definitions, relationship and interrelationships, permeability and seepa
ge, effective stress principle, consolidation, compaction, shear strength.
Foundation Engineering: Sub-surface investigations- scope, drilling bore holes,
sampling, penetration tests, plate load test. Earth pressure theories, effect of
water table, layered soils. Stability of slopes- infinite slopes, finite slopes
. Foundation types- foundation design requirements. Shallow foundations- bearing
capacity, effect of shape, water table and other factors, stress distribution,
settlement analysis in sands and clays. Deep foundation pile types, dynamic and
static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, negative skin fricti
on.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Water requirements: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for w
ater treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operati
ons and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewag
e and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, s
econdary and tertiary treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent dischar
ge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of dome
stic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment Unit operations and unit proces
ses of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.
Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution met
eorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.
Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportati
on of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycl
e, energy recovery, treatment and disposal).
Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measur
ement of noise and control of noise pollution.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Highway Planning: Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of pa
ving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements.
Traffic Engineering: Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersecti
on design, traffic signs and signal design, highway capacity.
SURVEYING
Importance of surveying, principles and classifications, mapping concepts, coord
inate system, map projections, measurements of distance and directions, leveling
, theodolite traversing, plane table surveying, errors and adjustments, curves.
Pharmaceutical Sciences - PYNatural Products: Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Che
mistry, tests, isolation, characterization and estimation of phytopharmaceutical
s belonging to the group of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Steroids, Bioflav
anoids, Purines, Guggul lipids. Pharmacognosy of crude drugs that contain the ab
ove constituents. Standardization of raw materials and herbal products. WHO guid
elines. Quantitative microscopy including modern techniques used for evaluation.
Biotechnological principles and techniques for plant development, Tissue cultur
e.
Pharmacology: General pharmacological principles including Toxicology. Drug inte
raction. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Central nervous system, Cardiovascular
system, Autonomic nervous system, Gastro intestinal system and Respiratory syste
m. Pharmacology of Autocoids, Hormones, Hormone antagonists, chemotherapeutic ag
ents including anticancer drugs. Bioassays, Immuno Pharmacology. Drugs acting on
the blood & blood forming organs. Drugs acting on the renal system.
Medicinal Chemistry: Structure, nomenclature, classification, synthesis, SAR and
metabolism of the following category of drugs, which are official in Indian Pha
rmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. Introduction to drug design. Stereochemist
ry of drug molecules. Hypnotics and Sedatives, Analgesics, NSAIDS, Neuroleptics,
Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Anticonvulsants, Antihistaminics, Local Anaesthet
ics, Cardio Vascular drugs Antianginal agents Vasodilators, Adrenergic & Choline
rgic drugs, Cardiotonic agents, Diuretics, Antijypertensive drugs, Hypoglycemic
agents, Antilipedmic agents, Coagulants, Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet agents. Ch
emotherapeutic agents Antibiotics, Antibacterials, Sulphadrugs. Antiproliozoal d
rugs, Antiviral, Antitubercular, Antimalarial, Anticancer, Antiamoebic drugs. Di
agnostic agents. Preparation and storage and uses of official Radiopharmaceutica
ls, Vitamins and Hormones. Eicosonoids and their application.
Pharmaceutics : Development, manufacturing standards Q.C. limits, labeling, as p
er the pharmacopoeal requirements. Storage of different dosage forms and new dru
g delivery systems. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their importance i
n formulation. Formulation and preparation of cosmetics lipstick, shampoo, cream
s, nail preparations and dentifrices. Pharmaceutical calculations.
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence: Drugs and cosmetics Act and rules with respect to
manufacture, sales and storage. Pharmacy Act. Pharmaceutical ethics.
Pharmaceutical Analysis: Principles, instrumentation and applications of the fol
lowing: Absorption spectroscopy (UV, visible & IR). Fluorimetry, Flame photometr
y, Potentiometry. Conductometry and Plarography. Pharmacopoeial assays. Principl
es of NMR, ESR, Mass spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis and different chro
matographic methods.
Biochemistry: Biochemical role of hormones, Vitamins, Enzymes, Nucleic acids, Bi
oenergetics. General principles of immunology. Immunological. Metabolism of carb
ohydrate, lipids, proteins. Methods to determine, kidney & liver function. Lipid
profiles.
Microbiology : Principles and methods of microbiological assays of the Pharmacop
oeia. Methods of preparation of official sera and vaccines. Serological and diag
nostics tests. Applications of microorganisms in Bio Conversions and in Pharmace
utical industry.
Clinical Pharmacy : Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Dosage regimen in Pregnancy and
Lactation, Pediatrics and Geriatrics. Renal and hepatic impairment. Drug Drug in
teractions and Drug food interactions, Adverse Drug reactions. Medication Histor
y, interview and Patient counseling.
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