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Step-2 : Collection of Geotechnical / soil data (Pl discuss with soil consultant and look into project design criteria)
The Geotechnical data are used for evaluating the soil / pile stiffness and damping coefficients, and are
required for both static and dynamic design and analysis of of block foundations. Following soil parameters
are required:
The rotating machines are categorized based on machine speed. Following are different categories of
machines:
• Low Speed machine: The low speed machines operate at a speed range of less than 500 RPM. High
tuned foundations, having first natural frequency more than machine's operating speed, should be
designed for this type of machines. In this case machine do not pass the resonance during machine
start up and coast down condition.
• Intermediate speed machine: The intermediate speed machines operate at a speed range 500 RPM to
1000 RPM. Foundations should be designed for this type of machines high tuned or low tuned side
whchever more practical. If the foundation is low tuned, dynamic amplitude shall be checked during
start up and coast down condition.
• High Speed machine: The high speed machines operate at a speed range of more than 1000 RPM.
Low tuned foundations, having first natural frequency less than machine's operating speed, should be
designed for this type of machines. In this case machine will pass the resonance during machine start
up and coast down condition. Dynamic amplitude shall be checked during start up and coast down
condition. You need to ensure that there is no adverse effect to machine operation during the resonant
conditions.
• Variable Speed machine: The variable speed machines operate at a speed range as prescribed by
vendor. Foundations should be designed for this type of machines high tuned or low tuned side
whchever more practical. A detail dynamic analysis of foundation is required for a range of machine
operating speeds to ensure that the dynamic design criteria are met.
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Civil Design Help Page 2 of 4
A block foundation consists of massive concrete blocks, piers and mat foundation. The preliminary sizinng of
block should be based on the following:
• Weight of the block foundation should be at least 4 times the weight of reciprocating machines and 3
times the weight of centrifugal machines.
• The width of foundation should be at least 1.5 times the vertical distance from the bottom of foundation
to the center line of the shaft / rotor.
• The center of mass of machine foundation (machine+foundation system) should coincide with the
centroid of the soil foundation or pile group resistance. Horizontal eccentricity should be limited to 5%
of the corresponding foundation dimension.
• For a rigid mat, following criteria to be followed:
◦ Minimum thickness of the mat will be 600 mm or 1/5 th of least foundation dimensions or 1/10 th
of largest foundation dimensions, whichever is greater .
◦ Maximum thickness of the mat will be 1500 mm
◦ Minimum thickness of mat, t = 0.0012 x (ks x (a)4)1/3 ft, ks = soil dynamic modulus of subgrade
reaction, lbs/in3, from soil report, a = maximum cantilever projection (inches), measured from
face of block (Refer: Foundation analysis and design by J E Bowles)
Dynamic analysis of concrete foundations are not required for all the foundations supporting rotating
equipment. You need to refer your project design criteria for the conditions for dynamic analysis. Following
are the general criteria for not performing any dynamic analysis of foundation supporting rotating equipment:
• Dynamic analysis is not required if the weight of machine is less than 25kN.
• Dynamic analysis is not required if the power rating of motor is less than 200hp.
If you are not doing any dynamic analysis of concrete block foundation, then follow Step-4 for foundation
sizing and put it into 3D model for any interference check.
If you are doing the dynamic analysis of concrete block, then follow the following steps.
If unbalance force is not mentioned in the Vendor equipment drawing, then you will calculate the force as
follows:
Now you are having all the information to start the foundation analysis and design. You can put all the above data
in any computer software program (say - Dyna5) or use any text books to calculated the natural frequencies of
foundation. You can also use the different tables that I have attached here (click for the table).
This rigid block has six degree of freedom. So, you will calculate all the following uncouple natural frequencies:
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Civil Design Help Page 3 of 4
When the CG of foundation system is far above the foundation base, coupling effect needs to be considered to
calculate the foundation natural frequency. In this case sliding mode and rocking mode frequencies overlap each
other and as a result foundation dynamic analysis may be more critical. You can calculate the coupled natural
frequency using the formula mentioned in the table.
Coupled condition: 1. Sliding along X & Rocking about-Y and 2. Sliding along Y & Rocking about X
Once, analysis is completed, please check the foundation for the following conditions:
Calculate resonanace frequency and check that the ratio of machine frequency vs resonance frequency
(f / fd) is either less than 0.8 or greater than 1.2 in all six degrees of freedom.
where, fn = foundation natural frequency, D = Damping ration (see table 5 and 12)
Soil bearing pressure or pile load should not exceed 75% of the allowable. Please avoid any foundation
upliftment in seismic / wind condition.
Maximum velocity should fall in "Good Condition" per table-1 of attached table
Environmental condition
Maximum displacement amplitude of vibration at foundation level should lie within or below "Zone-B" of
figure -1 and it should fall below the Zone "Troublesome to persons" of figure -2 in the attached table.
Reinforcement:
Reinforcement shall be provided per project approved design code. However, you can use minimum
reinforcement as follows:
Anchor Bolt:
Anchor bolt shall be checked for start-up and coast down contion.
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Civil Design Help Page 4 of 4
I hope this page will be very helpful to you to understand the basic design of a Pump foundation.
Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. Please do not print or copy of this page or any part of this page without written
permission from Subhro Roy.
Disclaimer: This page is prepared based on experience on Civil Engineering Design. All definitions and most of the
explanations are taken from different text books and international design codes, which are referenced in the contents. Any
similarity of the content or part of with any company document is simply a coincidence. Subhro Roy is not responsible for
that.
http://www.civildesignhelp.info/pump.html 10/29/2010