Concepto de la Inclusion

Economica
PANEL

Andy Westwood
OECD

Quito, 16 y 17 de diciembre del 2010

 What is ‘Economic Inclusion’ What are its
features and definitions?
‘access to and participation in economic activity
above poverty or subsistence levels and sustained
over time’
(Centre for Economic and Social Inclusion, UK)

• Work, income(s), wealth

• Employment, economic activity, careers
• Financial security, resilience
• Economic and social mobility, better ‘life chances’
• Economic development, growth
• High employment levels
• Training, skills
What is ‘Economic Inclusion’ and how can it be
measured or improved?

• At the individual level?

• At the level of the family/household?
• At a geographical level – communities,
neighbourhoods, cities, regions?

… and is economic inclusion a short (snapshot) or

longer term concept?
Sustainable and longer-term policy interventions:

• Welfare to workforce development

• Training to human capital development
• Enterprise to economic development
• Any jobs to ‘more and better’ jobs
• Trade to high value trade (specialisation, added value,
internationalisation)
 Economic and social inclusion...

• Creating and preserving economic activity

in challenging local and international conditions
• Developing social capital - trust, business is
easier and less costly
• Economic development depends on
local assets and markets, capital, enterprise
• Supporting social economy and third sector to
develop economic inclusion
 Economic inclusion at the local level:
• Support entrepreneurship and economic
development (private, social)
– especially locally ‘rooted’ businesses
including SMEs

• Identify and support economic ‘assets’

(eg key public services, business clusters,
colleges, universities

• Build and retain communities’ human capital,

leadership
Local Multiplier Effect – locking in
knowledge, finance, skills:

Businesses  and services  User led, co‐
buying and trading locally produced or 
locally owned 
Replacing ‘imports’ services
with local products 
– and externally 
delivered services 
with locally  Attracting 
designed activity money, wages 
and investment 
Local Multiplier 
into locality, but 
Effect driving up 
increasing local 
social capital 
earnings and 
and economy
Promoting and  spending
supporting innovation 
in business and in 
public services
Building social 
capital – networks, 
volunteering, 
Supporting local  community 
employment  activities, culture
and enterprise Increasing knowledge, 
skills and leadership  
held in  community
 Actors in local economic development:

• Social enterprises, community businesses,

micro finance, SMEs

• Build social capital – volunteering,

stakeholding

• But also build and support businesses too

 Economic Inclusion:
• Multiple definitions
• Multiple actors
• Multiple benefits
• Relative not absolute concept – ever shifting

• Economic inclusion and social inclusion go together

• Develop a sustainable economic model
• Support long term definitions of inclusion across
individuals, households and localities

• Things that can be delivered, managed or owned from

‘outside’ provide less long term benefit and can
disappear quickly