‫الجمهورية اليمنية‬

‫جامعة حضرموت للعلوم‬

‫بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ Republic of Yemen
Hadramout University
‫كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية‬
of Science & Technology
‫قسم طب السرة والمجتمع‬ College of Medicine & Health
‫الثانية‬: ‫المجمعة‬ sciences

Knowledge, Attitude & Practice

‫ الرابع‬:‫المستوى‬ Department of Family &
Community Medicine
(Group (2

Toward Blood Donation Among 4th Year

The Men Attending

The Governmental Blood Banks
.In Al-Mukalla city 2009-2010
Supervisor: Proph. Dr. Khaleed Ba-
Shraheel
:Prepared by group No. 2

1-Abla Abd-Alshafi Summar. chairwomen

9- Marwa Farge Al-Kurbi. 2-Shaika Bawazire .Co-chairwomen
10- Ojbah Hassan Al-Bahassany. 3- Alaa Waleed Al-Aelah.
11- RajaAl-Haddad. 4- Abeer Al-Moqadam.
12- Reham Salah Al-Nahdi. 5- Azal Al-Amoodi.
13- Sarah Salmeen Bin Al-Zoo'a.6-Eman Amer Al-Sa'adi.
14- Wafa Ashoor Damnan. 7- Hind Al-Somahi.
Yara Ausama Al-Hamamsy. 8- Manal Al-Rawwas.

2009-2010
Page
Contents .No
.No

II Acknowledgment 1
III ( Abstract ( English 2
IV ( Abstract ( Arabic 3
1 Introduction 4
3 Objectives 5
4 Materials and Methods 6
9 Results 7
13 Discussion 8
18 Conclusion 9
19 Recommendations 10
20 References 11
23 Tables & Graphs 12
31 (Index (Questionnaire 13
Praise be to Allah the Almighty, and thanks always and ever be to

.him for all blessings

I and Mercy

At the beginning we express our deep thanks to our faculty for its

encouragement and

.facilities and for the chance offered to achieve this study

:We are heart fully thankful to our supervisor

Prof.Dr. Khalid Awad Ba-Shraheel

Who has exerted a great effort to encourage, support and guide us

from the initial to

the final steps in our study, enabling us to develop an

understanding of the subject to

.do this project perfectly

Deep gratitude is conveyed to all community department

members for their help, great work and assistance given to us in

.various ways at all time to achieve this study

Also; we would like to thanks' all blood banks members for their

kind support
 .and cooperation to complete our study

We meantime our respects and sincere thank to those persons who

contributed to our study for their participation and cooperation to

. make our work easy

II

Background: Blood donation is an act that can save the lives of thousands

of People worldwide. The information so obtained could be helpful in

.developing positive attitude towards blood donation

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and

practice toward blood donation among the men attending the

.Governmental Blood Banks in Al-Mukalla City between 2009-2010

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from

November 2009

to March 2010 ,and targeted(425)Yemeni men attending the

Governmental Blood Banks in Al-Mukalla City ,using a specially structural

. questionnaire

Result: The majority of men(92.2%) have heard about blood donation.

About(65.3%) of men showed a favorable attitude towards blood donation

 ‫‪importance .The practice of blood donation among men represent‬‬

‫‪about(63.5%).Not being asked to donate were the common reason for un‬‬

‫‪.donating blood among non donors‬‬

‫‪Conclusion: In general , The study reveals acceptable knowledge ,‬‬

‫‪.practice and attitude towards blood donation‬‬

‫‪III‬‬

‫الخلفية‪ :‬التبرع بالدم يعتبر عمل يمكممن مممن خللممه الحفمماظ علممى حيممات اللف مممن‬

‫البشر في مختلف أنحاء العالم‪.‬إن إجراء دراسة عن مسممتوى المموعي بموضمموع التممبرع‬

‫بالدم قد يساعد على خلق اتجاهات إيجابية نحو التبرع بالدم‪.‬‬

‫الهدف‪ :‬إن الهدف من هذه الدراسمة همو تقييمم وعمي واتجاهمات وآراء الرجمال تجماه‬

‫التبرع بالدم في مدينة المكل ‪.‬‬

‫الطريقة‪ :‬هذه دراسة وصفية مقطعية تم تنفيذها في الفترة من نوفمبر ‪ 2008‬إلممى‬

‫مارس ‪ 2010‬وقد استهدفت )‪ (425‬رجل يمنيا من الرجال اللمذين يتجهمون إلمى بنموك‬

‫الدم كمتبرعين أو كمرافقين للمتبرعين‪.‬‬

‫النتائج‪ :‬أشارت نتائج الدراسة أن الغالبية من الرجال )‪ (%92.2‬قد سمممعوا بموضمموع‬

‫التبرع بالدم‪ .‬كما أظهممرت الدراسممة أن)‪ (%65.3‬مممن الرجممال يقمّرون بأهميممة التممبرع‬

‫بالدم‪ .‬كذلك أشارت النتائج أن )‪ (%63.5‬من الرجال يمارسون التممبرع بالممدم ‪.‬واتضممح‬

‫أن أغلب السباب لعدم تبرع البعض بالدم؛هو عدم طلب ذلك منهم ‪.‬‬

‫الخلصة‪ :‬بصورة عامححة أظهححرت نتححائج البحححث أن الرجححال كححانوا يملكححون‬

‫معارف وسلوكا واتجاها مقبول حول التبرع بالدم ‪.‬نأن‬

‫‪IV‬‬

‫‪Blood is the familiar red fluid in the body that contains white‬‬

‫‪and red blood cells, platelets, proteins, and other elements. The‬‬
blood is transported throughout the body by the circulatory system.

Blood functions in two directions: arterial and venous. Arterial blood

is the means by which oxygen and nutrients are transported to

tissues while venous blood is the means by which carbon dioxide

and metabolic by-products are transported to the lungs and

kidneys, respectively, for removal from the body. We have (5-6)

(liters of blood flowing through our body.(1

Donating blood is an act that can save the lives of thousands

of people worldwide.(2) The donated blood undergoes tests for blood

grouping, tests for infections like hepatitis, AIDS, malaria and

syphilis. Before it is given to the receipient, it undergoes the

compatibility test.(3) Only (350 -450) ml of blood is collected from

donors. This quantity is usually restored in (5-8) weeks therefore,

(we can donate blood every three months.(1

Blood donors fall into 3 types, voluntary, replacement and

paid donors. Voluntary non-remunerated blood donor is a person

who gives blood and receives no payment for it, either in the form

of cash, or in any kind that could be considered a substitute for

money. A replacement donor is also a non-remunerated donor who

donates blood for a particular patient in an emergency.

Replacement donors are usually family members, colleagues or

friends of the concerned patient. Paid or professional donor receives

monetary payment for blood donation. It is well established that

1
replacement and paid donors have a higher incidence and

(prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in the recipients.(4

Donors who give blood voluntarily have the lowest

prevalence of HIV, hepatitis viruses and other blood-borne

infections, as compared to people who donate for family members

or in lieu of payment. Sufficient supplies of safe blood can only be

(assured by regular donations from voluntary unpaid donors.(5

In developing countries around 50% of blood donations are

made by either direct or paid donors.(6) In addition, in Saudi Arabia

most of blood donors are direct donors instead of volunteer donors,

paid donors, or autologous donors.(7) Therefore, attitude, beliefs and

level of knowledge associated with blood donation may discourage

donors from giving blood. (8) In India, about 3million units are

collected annually against the requirement of 7million per

(population of nine million.(9

There are fears that blood donation will leave us deficient and

thin. It is just a myth and the fact is just opposite. Blood donation is

actually healthy for us. It ensures fresh blood production within our

body and the donated blood is recovered within a short period of

(time.(10

Health benefits of donating blood reduce the chance of heart

diseases; enhance the production of new red blood cells, helps in

(fighting hemochromitosis & burns calories.(11

So our study aim is to clear the misconception, beliefs, attitude

and fears about blood donation.The information so obtained could

be helpful in developing appropriate messages to be used during

recruitment campaigns, creating and strengthening positive

(attitudes towards blood donation. (12

General

:objective

To assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards blood

donation among

the men attending the Governmental Blood Banks in Al-

.Mukalla city

:Specific objectives

To assess the knowledge about blood donation among the

.men attending Blood Banks

To identify the sources of knowledge about blood donation

.among the men attending Blood Banks

To determine attitude toward blood donation among the men

.attending Blood Banks

To assess the practice of blood donation among the men

.attending Blood Banks

To clarify the reasons behind not donating blood among the

.men attending Blood Banks

:Study Design

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by 

group of a fourth year medical students for assess

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards blood donation

among the men attending the Governmental Blood Banks in

.Al-Mukalla city

It was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 , among

.the men attending the governmental blood banks in Al-Mukalla city

 :Study Area & Population

The study was carried out in Al-Mukalla city (the capital city

of Hadramout

governorate) . the study population of men attending the

Governmental Blood Banks for blood donation or facilitation of

blood donation in Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital ,Hadramout Pediatric

. (hospital & Maternal and Children hospital (MCH

:Sample Size

The needed sample size of this study was calculated by using

the single proportion

formula : Size of the sample (n) = pqZ2 /(e)2

: based on the following indicators

n) = Required sample size, (z) = 1.96 (at)

confidence interval 95%), (P) = was assuming to be (50%) ,

,(q) = 1-p =50%

.e) = Acceptable error = 5%)

. So, the sample size = 384 men available in blood banks

.n= 50×(100-50) ×(1.96)2 /(5)2=384 men

The 10% was added to overcome the refusal of men ; so it turned

4 .out to be 425

:Sampling Method

At first we collected the sample from the three banks for one

week ,to determine the number of men that will collected from each
 .bank proportionally ,and to be as a pre- test to the questionnaire

The sample was divided proportionally between the three

: banks as the following

.In Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital it represents about 57% =(242) men

In Haduramout Pediatric hospital it represents about 20%

.=(85)men

.In Al-Mukalla Teaching hospital it represents about 23%=(98)men

It was clear that Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital bank has the

highest proportion and

that because it receives blood donors and sends the donated

blood for several departments of the hospital if compared with the

.others

The sample was chosen by non-probability convenient

.sampling selection

:Inclusive Criteria

.Yemeni men-1

. Men aged between (17 – 65) years-2

:Exclusive Criteria

women were excluded because they rarely donate blood , -1

there was only One

woman had donated blood in 2009 compared with ( 2738)

men according to
blood bank registery at Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital. Recently

at Hadramout Pediatric Hospital there were three women

come to blood bank for blood donation .The bank accepted

the donation of one and rejected the blood donation

of the other two because they were anemic . So they might

5 not be available at

. the time of the study

.Men younger than 17 years and older than 65years-2

.Men who are not from Yemen-3

: Data Collection Procedures & Methods

The data were collected from men who attended the blood

bank by structured

questionnaire which was limited to a brief series of questions to

encourage participation in the

. study

The data were collected from targeted individuals by trained

fourth year medical

students. An introduction and briefing on the study was done to the

chosen individuals

with quick assessment to check that the responding met all the

exclusion and inclusion

. criteria

To ensure the accuracy of data, the responding individuals were

 interviewed face to face after taking oral consent to participate in

the study, also the data were collected by ourselves and without

the participation of the blood bank members to avoid errors and

. inaccuracy

The questionnaire was pre-tested on a convenient sample of

men attended the three

blood banks for one week, so this resulted in the elimination of

some questions & others

were modified due to obscurity of it. The questionnaire was

consisted of five sections & each section contains a number of

:Questions

6 identification data :(name, age,

The first section: About

.(residence, occupation, educational level & marital status

The second section: Regarding men's Knowledge about Blood

Donation. It consists of questions concerning information about the

following : (importance and medical uses of the donated blood

,donor characters, persons who cannot donate blood & the effect of

blood donation on the donor) aimed at collecting information on

.men's knowledge about blood donation

The third section: cites the sources of knowledge about blood

.donation

The fourth section: Aimed collecting information about men's

attitude towards blood

.donation
 The fifth section: Aimed to collect information about practice of

blood donation

among the men , reasons for donating blood if they were donors

and reasons beyond

.not donating blood

.(For more information see index )

At the end of the interview , the questionnaire was checked to

ensure that all the required questions were answered and

.completed

The collected data was assessed , after been coded to facilitate

.its analysis & entry to the computer

A publication (prism) was published by us to be circulated to

hospitals ,secondary schools and universities .It consisted of

information about the importance of blood donation , persons who

can't donate blood, donor characters, benefit of blood donation and

the effect of blood donation, and we did that after taking permission

.from our college and the blood bank manager

:Statistical Methods

To ensure the accuracy of data processing, the data were

analyzed by using

statistical package for social 7

sciences software program (SPSS,

(version 14

Categorical variables were described by using frequency

distribution, percentage , mean and standard deviation for men's

 variable age. Data were presented in tables and graphs by using

. (computer application of Microsoft Office 2007 (word and excel

:Ethical Considerations

The study proposal was evaluated by the family of the

community medicine

department , and who gave us the permission to start the study.

.where a hand written consent was obtained from our college

Our study started after taking an oral consent from the blood banks

.managers

The prism was reviewed by several doctors & by the

.administrator of the laboratories to ensure the accuracy of data

An oral consent from all the participants in the study was

. taken & we explained to them the purpose of the study

We have dealt with the participants with respect and

. gentleness , and we thankedthem for their cooperation with us

Also we behaved respectfully with the highly busy condition of

. the blood banks and we avoided causing crowding in the place

 8

:Socio-demographic characteristic of respondents

The study was performed at Al-Mukalla city Governmental Blood

Banks, at period of time November 2009to March 2010 , it involved

425 men with age range between ( 17-65) years, classified

according to age into three groups: first one is (17 -32)years

involving 277 men ,the second (33 – 48) years of 124 men , the

.third (49-65) years of 24 men

The mean age of respondents was ( 31 ) years and the range

was between (17-65) years, the median and mode were (31)

.(years and the standard deviation was ( ±9.6

The men categorized into donor 63.5% (n=270) and non-

donor 36.5% (n=155), where classifies according to age groups

. showing the most donors fall in this age range (17-32)years

The educational level of the respondents who have high

school and above represent 67.3% (n=286), where form donors

group 71.9% , on other side 32.7% (n=139) represents the

respondent who have elementary school and less , so from total

.donor 28.1% only

The marital status classification was 55.1% (n= 234) of

respondents were married in donors group form 67.8%, while 44.9%

.(n=191) were single and in donors group form 32.2%

In Occupational classification the respondents job varied

between private business 41.8% (n=178), governmental

employment 30.6% (n=130) and un employed 27.6% (n=117) ,that

9
represented as (38.1%), (45.6%) and (16.3%) in donors group

. respectively

The classification according to residence 315 from city and

110 from village , showing that most of donors were from cities

.((75.9%) , and (24.1%) were from villages (table 1

:Blood Donation

The study show that the majority of the respondents were

those who heard about blood donors and represented by (92.2%),

.(while (7.8%) had no clue about blood donation (table 2

Almost half of those who heard about blood donation said

that the mass media and mosques were the main sources of

knowledge regarding to blood donors which represented by (55.5%

and 50.8%) respectively, followed by health center (44.0%) (graph

.(1

Regarding those who heard about blood donation ,(49.5%)

found that donated blood was an important requirement in all

surgical operations, while the others disagree with them (30.1%)

.((table 3

The findings revealed that knowing about certain

requirements that should be obtained in the donor, among those

whom heard about blood donation was remarkably good (79.84%)

and (20.2%) of respondent didn’t know about any requirements

.((table 4

Regard the (313) whom estimate that there were certainty

: requirement should be available in the donor

10
Concerning the suitable weight for the donor, 50 kg and more

is the most suitable weight for the donor regarding to (58.8%)

followed by 50 kg and less than 50 kg represented by (6.4%) and

.((9.9%) respectively,( 24.9%) didn’t know about it (table 5

The maximum amount that can be taken from the donor is

500 ml in each donation act according to (67.7%) of respondents,

.(and (16.6%) had no idea about it (table 6

Large portion of respondents (65.5%) found that the shortest

interval between two sequent blood donations is 6 months, while

.((3.8%) said one year (table 7

Anemia is the most known reason for blood donor rejection

which represented by (81.5%), while woman gender was the least

.(known reason (36.4%) (graph 2

Also the findings revealed that knowing about side effects of

blood donation among those who heard about it, was low (26%) ,

.(comparing with those who didn’t known about it (74%) (table 8

Convulsions is the most known side effect of blood donation

(67.6%) , and (7.8%) said that blood donation can cause infertility

to the donator according to the (102) men who mentioned the

(presence of side effects. (graph 3

The attitude studied among those who heard about blood

donation were represented by (392) of total respondents :

regarding to those who are familiar with the importance of blood

donation, (65. 3%) they agree with blood donation importance,

11
.(while (30.9%) disagree (table 9

Concerning their priority toward blood receivers, any person

in need whom deserve to receive blood (59.7%), while (5.6) said

.(that blood should be given in exchange of money (table 10

Large portion of them (86.7%) agree with the importance of

.(the investigations that done on the blood donors (table 11

Blood donation considered as Charity work for (78.3%) of

them, and good for donor health, and those who say no benefit

.(represented (23.5%) and (9.7%) respectively (table12

More than half of total respondents of the study (63.5%)

experienced blood donation, while the others did not (36.5%) (table

.(13

Great portion of those who donated their blood (40.4%)

experienced blood donation three times and more, followed by

.(twice and once (32.6%) and (27.03%) respectively (graph 4

The main cause for donating blood is helping any person in

need and asked for it among respondents whom experienced blood

donation(78.5%) , while (4.5%) said that money is the reason

.((graph 5

Regarding the reasons of respondents who didn’t experience

blood donation, (56.1%) said that no one asked them to donate

blood, while (5.8%) said that their fearing from donation’s side

.(effect is their main reason (table 14

12

The Establishment of modern medical facilities has been accompanied by a

 . simultaneous and marked increase in the requirement of blood and its products

Decision making has been investigated worldwide to understand the process

better and limiting deficiency of blood in Blood Banks, and similar to other Arabic

.study we made our study to give general impression of this topic in our city

This study shows that majority of the participants (63.5%) to be a donors, on

the contrary a study done in Saudi Arabia , showed that the majority of the

participants (65,84%) were non donors ,the majority of the them(81.7%) were

between the age 15-30 years.(6)In our study the majority of donors were at age of 17-

32 years old , who were married, from city, self – employed and at high school level

and above .Comparable observation were also found among the population in

Sikkim, India about behavior disparities toward blood donation with a total 300

participants (12.7%) had donated blood .these donors mostly educated, employed ,

(married , from high income group. (13

And this considered to a detect a relation between education level , residence

, occupation , material status and the knowledge toward blood donation as we found

.in our study

The majority of our respondents including donors and non donors (92,2%)

had heard about blood donation, and this is similar to other study done in Palestine in

(which most of donors had heard about blood donation .(14

Most of our respondents heard about blood donation from mass media

(55.5%) ,while (50.8%) from mosques and (44%) from health centers in comparison

with other study,while showed that (86,9%) obtained information from relatives,
13
friends, and blood bank staff. (4) Other report stated that the source of information was

from relatives ,friends and mass media.(14) Regarding Saudi Arabia study , the

majority of the participants acquired their information from daily news papers and

(TV compared to (14.77%) who used the internet as the source of information.(6
Therefore the number of educational programs on blood donation and blood

transfusion should be expanded and transmitted via various media including the

.intranet

Such programs should aim to encourage healthy people and their family members

and friends to donate blood as often as possible to make sure blood is available for

all patients in need. Further ,the public should know that all measures besides

screening test are implemented by blood banks to ensure that blood donation is safe

.'for the donors and blood transfusion is safe for the recipients

In our research we found that (45.6% ) of the respondents who heard about

blood donation believed that the donated blood is essential to all surgical operation

,similarly another study showed that about (38.9%) of the respondents believed the

same thing (15), in comparison to other study, that showed about (17.4%) believed

(that all surgical procedures require blood donation. (6

In our study (313) believed that certain requirement should be available in the

donors , (58.8%) from them were with the opinion that the donor should be of

weight more than 50kg . in contrast to other study that showed the majority of the

(respondents were of the opinion that the donor should be more than 70 kg.(4

In response to the question what is the maximum amount of the blood that

can be taken in each donation , a good knowledge was estimated , as we found that

(67.7%) of the (313) respondents know that 500 ml is the maximum amount can be

taken , while other study showed that (73.2%) of non-donors did not known how

much of blood is taken in each donation ,in our study only (16.6%) of the
14
(respondents do not know.(4

The blood donation are permitted every 56 days as shortest interval .(4) In our

study (65.5%) were of the opinion that they can donate blood after 6 months , and

(16.6%) after 3months , in opposite to other study which showed (88%) donors were
of the opinion that they can donate blood after 3 months but (51%) of non-donors

thought that once can donate blood once a year (4) .This study differ from our study

as we found that only (3.8%) of the respondents were of the opinion that blood can be

.donated only once a year

Majority of men who heard about blood donation (74%) think that blood

donation is safe with no side effects of it , and this supported by other study done in

lima-Peru that showed (72,6%) believe that blood donation is safe and no side effects.

(15) In opposite direction , other study was done in Mwabatho showed that blood

donation was healthy risk or they were uncertain if donating blood was safe and the

study recommended that the public appeals for blood donors should include

information to dispel myths about dangers of blood donation , this difference from

our study may be related to the difference in the sample.(14)(16) .In fact blood donation

may cause potential short term side effects (17),the present study has shown that

convulsions and fit ,anemia, where possible side effects with (67.6%),(42,1%)

respectively. As other study found the same result, and as it is virtually impossible to

contract diseases from donating blood especially if only sterile ,disposable equipment

used (17), our study showed that (59%) of the participants think that transmission of

the diseases is not a side effect of this process , and this is considered to detect good

knowledge in this topic, in comparison with other study done in Saudi Arabia

showed that (11.5%) believed that blood donation is harmful because of transmitting

(of diseases.(6
15
In the present study , majority of the respondents who heard about blood

donation (392) were (65.3%) of them with the opinion that blood donation is

important and this supported by other study done in Greek ,that showed the majority

of the respondents (71.6%) were donors believe that blood donation is important

contribution, and this is consider to detect an association between history of donation

 (and good attitude.(18

Our study showed that (59.7%) from the (392) were willing to donate to any

person deserve as one in need , and without any money (92.1%) and this reflect an

acceptable attitude, in other hand a Saudia study show No blood donor agreed to the

payment of money for blood donation. (4) As about (78,3%) of them believed that

voluntary blood donation is charity work, where (9.7%) and this was supported by

other study were (69) of the respondents who showed positive attitude toward blood

donation ,indicated blood donation as an individual duty to the community , (26%) as

(charitable contribution. (16

Regarding the practice of blood donation , the person can donate blood every

three months , in our study (40.4%) of the donors donate blood more than three time

(32.6%),(27.03%) for two and one time respectively from (270) whom experienced

blood donation ,in comparison with other study (50%) for two times ,(12%) for three

or more (15),with opposite to other study that showed large proportion of people

(donate blood less than one time . (4

Regarding reasons for donation of blood (78.5% ) donating blood for any one

in need and ask for it ,and (58.5%),(23%) donated blood for relative and voluntary

respectively , while only (4.5%) will donating blood in exchange with money ,in

comparison with other studies in comparison with other studies that

(showed that most of the16

people donate to their family. (4,14

Several factors have been put forward for not donating blood , in this study

not being asked to donate was found to be the commonest reason for not donating

blood and represent (56.1%) of total respondents , the same result was found in other

study (4),(6) ,in opposite direction with other study that showed about (51,60 %) do not

(donate due to a healthy problem. (16

 :Study limitation

The study was done as part of community medicine research study in faculty

of medicine ,Hadramout University Of Sciences and Technology AL-Mukalla

.,Yemen

. The time made a heavy challenge in limiting the study expanding

The study was limited on men due to social difficulties and general health

.considerations which exclude women from this procedure

17

The study show that the majority of respondents heard about (1

. (blood donation (92.2%

The study revealed that mass media and mosques were the (2

most common sources of hearing about blood donation and

.represent about ( 55.5%),(50.8%) respectively

The study shows that (65.3%) of men who heard about blood (3

.donation agree with the blood donation importance

In this study we found that (78.3%) of men who were familiar(4

with blood donation ,considered blood donation as charity

.work

The study shows that (63.5%) of total respondents(5

experienced blood donation while (40.4%) of them donating

.blood three time and more, and (36.5%) don’t experience it

The study revealed that the main reason for not donating(6

blood among non donors was because no one asked them to

. do

18
Based on the results of this study ,the following

:recommendations are made

Health education regarding blood donation is (1

. recommended for all population

More effective activities regarding blood donation(2

education should include use of health centers and

educational facilities in addition to mass media and

mosques . These activities can help identify and correct

. the misconception about blood donation

More explanation to the public about the safety of blood(3

donation and its importance with clarifying the requested

.group type of blood that is not available all the time

More activation of the international day of blood donation (4

with more activities and participations to increase the

. awareness about blood donation

Further surveys and studies regarding blood donation(5

should be carried out in other geographic location in

Yemen to have better comprehensive understanding of

.blood donation situation in Yemen

Healthy and positive attitude toward blood donation (6

. should be encouraged among the population

 19

Medicine Net.com . definition of blood . (online): (1

.www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp. accessed at 25 april 2010

World Health Organization(WHO); Department of Essential Health (2

Technologies. World blood donor day celebrating you gift of blood .

2006 June 14. Available at: http://www.who.int/world blood donor

.day . Accessed at may 21,2010

(3 World Health Organization (WHO)., Blood safety and clinical

technology progress 2000 - 2001. (online): www.who.int/bct.

.Accessed at 10 may 2010

Maqbool Alam, Baurhan El-Din masalmeh. Knowledge, attitude (4

and practices regarding blood donation among the Saudi population

.(. Saudi Medical Journal online. 2004; vol.25 no.(1), pages(318-321

World Health Organization (WHO). Global blood safety and (5

availability. (online): www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets.

.Accessed at 29April,2010
 Abdul Majeed Al-Drees. Attitude, belief and knowledge about (6

blood donation and transfusion in Saudi population. Pakistan Journal

of Medical Sciences. Jan-March 2008;.24 (1):74-79

Gader AMA, Momen AK and Hashash AJ. King Saud University .(.7

Donor Drive: a creative stimulus on the way to a Saudi National

.Blood transfusion Service. Ann Saudi Med .1988; 8:403

Bashawri LA. Pattern of blood procurement, ordering and (8

utilization in a University Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Saudi

20 .Med J. 2002;23 (5) :555-61

World Health Organization (WHO). Quality assurance in blood (9

transfusion services in SERO countries . (online):

.www.searo.who.int/en . Accessed at 10 may 2010

Dr.P.Elayaraja. Importance of Blood donation one donor can (10

save many lives.(online): www.Socyberty.com, accessed at 3 Feb

.2010

Ankita. Health benefits of donating blood .(online): (11

.www.Sankalpindia.net . accessed at 3 Feb 2010

Moore RJ. Promoting blood donation: a study of the social (12

profile, attitude, motivation and experience of donors. Transfus

.Med. 1991 Dec; 1(4): 201-207

 N.Shenga , R.Pal & S.Senguta. Behavior disparities towards (13

blood donation in Sikkim, India. Asian Journal of transfusion science.

.2008;2 (2) :56-60

Palestinian central Bureau of statistics. Qualitative study: (14

Knowledge, attitudes & trends of the Palestinian community about

blood donation. (online):

www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/pressRelease/blood.pdf. Accessed

.at 29 April2010

Lilia linares MD. Voluntary blood donation :factors that influence (15

in the donation of blood in college students &lima – Perú . (online):

.www.apha.confex.com/apha/135am. Accessed at 29 April 2010

Rauabir pal. . Correlates of voluntary blood donation among (16

people in a hill capital in India . Dep. Of community medicine

Sikkim- munipal institute of medical sciences. 2009;3 (2): 167-

.174

21
St.Jude. What are the risks and possible side effects of donating (17

blood or blood products. (online):www.alsac.stjude.com .Accessed

.at 29 April 2010

O Marantidou, L Loukopoulou, E Zervou, G Marinis, A Egglezou, (18

p Fountouil, P Dimoxenous, M Parara , M Gavalati and A Maniatis.

Factors that motivate and hinder blood donation Greece, .

Transfusion Medicine (Oxford , England). Dec. 2007; 17(6) : 443-

.450
 22

Table No. (1): Distribution of target men according to their

practice of blood donation in relation to their socio-demographic

characteristic ,in blood banks of

 . AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Donor Non-donor

= 270) = 155) Total

Characteristic
( 63.5% (36.5%

Age group .Freq % .Freq % .Freq %

17-32 165 61.1 112 72.3 277 65.2

33-48 88 32.6 36 23.2 124 29.2

49-65 17 6.3 7 4.5 24 5.6

City 205 75.9 110 70.9 315 74.1

Residence
Village 65 24.1 45 29.0 110 25.9

Governmental
123 45.6 7 4.5 130 30.6
employ

private business 103 38.1 75 48.4 178 41.8

Occupation Un-employ

Looking for a) 44 16.3 73 47.1 117 27.6

job-Retired-
(Student

Elementary
76 28.1 63 40.6 139 32.7
Educational school & less
level High school &
194 71.9 92 59.4 286 67.3
above

Marital Married 183 67.8 51 32.9 234 55.1

status Single 87 32.2 104 67.1 191 44.9

Table No. (2): Distribution of target men according to hearing

about Blood Donation in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-

. 2010
 Yes No Total

.Freq % .Freq % .Freq %

Hearing about
Blood Donation 392 92.2 33 7.8 425 100

Graph No. (1): Distribution of target men according to sources of

information regarding to Blood donation in Blood Banks of AL-

23
. Mukalla city 2009-2010

.It is permissible by more than one answer for the question*

Table No. (3): Distribution of target men according to the usage of

donated blood as a necessary measure in all surgical operations, in

.Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Usage of Yes No Don’t know Total

donated
.Freq % .Freq % .Freq % .Freq %
blood as
important 194 49.5 118 30.1 80 20.4 392 100
measure in
all surgical
operation

Table No. (4): Distribution of target men according to knowing

about requirements that should be obtain in blood donators ,in

24
Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city

. 2009-2010
 Yes No Total
knowledge about certain
.Freq % .Freq % .Freq %
requirements
313 79.84 79 20.2 392 100

Table No. (5): Distribution of target men according to knowing

about the suitable weight of blood donators, in blood banks of AL-

. Mukalla city 2009-2010

Less than More than Don’t

kg 50 Total
50 kg 50 kg know
Suitabl
Fre Freq Freq Freq Freq
e % % % % %
.q . . . .
weight
24.
20 6.4 31 9.9 184 58.8 78 313 100
9

Table No. (6):Distribution of target men according to knowing

about the maximum amount of the blood that can be taken from

donor in each donation act , in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-

. 2010

Amount ml 250 ml 500 More Don’t Total

of blood than 500 know
(in ml
(bags
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
. . . . .
 67. 16. 10
18 5.8 212 31 9.9 52 313
7 6 0

Table No. (7): Distribution of target men according to knowing

about the shortest interval between two blood donations ,in Blood
25
Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Don’t
months 3 months 6 year 1 Total
know

Shortest Freq Freq Freq Freq Freq

% % % % %
interval . . . . .

16. 65. 14. 10

52 205 12 3.8 44 313
6 5 1 0

Graph No. (2) : Distribution of target men according to Knowing

about reasons of rejecting the donators in Blood Banks of AL-

.Mukalla city 2009-2010

.It is permissible by more than one answer for the question*

Table No. (8): Distribution of target men according to knowing

26 in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla

about side effects of blood donation

.city 2009-2010
 Yes No Total
knowledge about
side effects of .Freq % .Freq % .Freq %
blood donation
102 26 290 74 392 100

Graph No. (3): Distribution of target men regarding their beliefs

about side effects of blood donation, in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla

. city 2009-2010

.It is permissible by more than one answer for the question*

Table No. (9): Distribution of target men regarding their attitude

toward importance of blood donation in general ,in Blood Banks of

. AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Agree Disagree Not Decide Total

Importance
of blood .Freq % .Freq % .Freq % .Freq %
donation
256 65.3 121 30.9 15 3.8 392 100

Table No. (10): Distribution of target men regarding their priority

27 Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-

toward blood receivers ,in Blood

. 2010

Priority of Agree Don’t agree Not Decide Total

blood
receivers .Freq % .Freq % .Freq % .Freq %

Just for 138 35.2 246 62.8 8 2.04 392 100

 Relatives

Any person
in need for 234 59.7 142 36.2 16 4.1 392 100
blood

Just for
22 5.6 361 92.1 9 2.3 392 100
Money

Table No. (11): Distribution of target men according to their

attitude toward the importance of testing donator’s blood before

donation , in Blood Banks of

.AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Blood Agree Disagree Not Decide Total

investigatio
.Freq % .Freq % .Freq % .Freq %
n
importance 340 86.7 46 11.8 6 1.5 392 100

Table No. (12): Distribution of target men regarding their attitude

toward voluntary blood donation ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city

. 2009-2010

Voluntary blood donation .Freq %

Good for health 92 23.5

Charity work 307 78.3

Not important 38 9.7

 .It is permissible by more than one answer for the question*

Table No. (13): distribution of target men regarding practice of

28
. blood donation ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Yes No Total
Donating blood
.Freq % .Freq % .Freq %
((practice
270 63.5 155 36.5 425 100

Graph No. (4): distribution of target men regarding frequency of

.donating blood, in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Graph No. (5): distribution of target men according to reasons for

. donating blood ,in Blood Banks

29 of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

.It is permissible by more than one answer for the question*

Table No. (14): distribution of respondents regarding the causes

of not donating blood , in blood banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

.
 ‫‪Reasons for refusing blood‬‬
‫‪Frequency‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫‪donation‬‬

‫‪Don’t want to‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية‬

‫‪No one asked for it‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪56.1‬‬

‫‪Fear from the side effects‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬

‫‪Your condition doesn’t‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪13.5‬‬
‫‪match the requirements‬‬

‫‪Blood bank is hard to reach‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪15.5‬‬

‫‪Your health weakness‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪17.4‬‬

‫‪Fear from lack of‬‬

‫‪experience of blood bank‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪9.7‬‬
‫‪workers‬‬

‫*‪.It is permissible by more than one answer for the question‬‬

‫الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫بسم الله ‪30‬‬

‫الرقم التسلسلي ‪........:‬‬

‫الجمهورية اليمنية‬

‫جامعة حضرموت للعلوم‬

‫ييييييييي(‬ ‫استبمميممم يييييي‬
‫مممممممممممممممم‬ ‫) ييي يي )ييييييي‬
‫ممانوآراء الرجال حول موضوع التبرع‬ ‫(‬
‫دراسة عن مستوى وعي واتجاهات‬
‫بالدم‪,‬على الرجال المتواجدين في بنك الدم بمستشفى‬
‫)‪(......................‬في مدينة المكل) ‪( 2010-2009‬م‪.‬‬
‫السلم عليكم ورحمة الله بركاته‬

‫نحن مجموعة من طلبات كلية الطب بالمستوى الرابع بجامعة حضرموت للعلوم‬
‫والتكنولوجيا‪.‬كل ما نرجوه منكم هو التعاون معنا والجابة على أسئلة الستبيان ‪,‬علما بأن‬
‫مشاركتكم طوعية وليست إجبارية مع حفظ خصوصيتكم وبقاء المعلومات سرية ‪.‬‬

‫يييييي ييي ييي ييييييي يييييييي يييي‬

‫ييييي ييييي‪ :‬يييييييي ييييييي‬

‫‪(1‬ييييي‪................................ :‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ييييي‪............................... :‬‬
‫يييي ‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬يييي ييييييي‪:‬‬
‫يييي يييي‬ ‫يييي ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ييييي‪:‬‬
‫ييي‪.‬‬
 ‫يييي ‪.‬‬ ‫يييييي ‪.‬‬
‫يييي يي ييي‬

‫يييي‬ ‫ييي) يي يييي ييي يييي(‪.‬‬ ‫‪(5‬ييييييي يييييييي‪:‬‬

‫ييييي ‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي‪.‬‬

‫ييييي ييي‬ ‫ييييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييي‪.‬‬

‫ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫يييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(6‬يييييي ييييييييي‪:‬‬

‫يييي‬ ‫يييي‪.‬‬
‫)ييييي ييييي(‪.‬‬

‫ييييي يييييي‪ -:‬ييييييي ييي يييييي ييييي‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(1‬يي ييي يي يييي يي ييييي يييييي ييييي يي ييي ي‬
‫يي‬
‫)ييي يييي ييييييي ي)يي( ييييي يييييي ييي ييييي‬
‫‪:‬يييي يييي ييييييي ي)ييي( يييي ييي يي ييييييي‬

‫‪(2‬يي ييييي ييييي يييي يي يييي يييييييي ييييييييي‬

‫يي‪.‬‬ ‫ييي ‪.‬‬
‫يي يييي‪.‬‬

‫‪(3‬يي يييي يييي يييييي ييييي ييي ييييييي يي ييييييي ييييي ي‬

‫يي‪.‬‬ ‫ييي ‪.‬‬
‫‪......................‬يييييي‪...............‬‬
‫)ييي يييي ييي يييييي )‪ (3‬ي)يي( ييييي ييي يييييي يي‬
‫‪:‬ي ييي يييي )يييي( يييي ييي يي ييييييي ييييي‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪ 50‬يييييييي‪.‬‬ ‫‪(4‬ييي ييييييي ‪:‬ي‬
‫ييي يي ‪50‬يييييييي ‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي ‪.‬‬

‫يييي يي ‪ 50‬يييييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪ 250‬يي )يي‬ ‫‪(5‬يي يي يييي يييي يييي ييييي يي ييييييي ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 500‬يي )ييي(‪.‬‬ ‫ييي( ‪.‬‬

‫يييي يي ‪500‬‬
‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (6‬يييي ييي ييي يي يييي ي ييي‪:‬‬

‫‪6‬يييي‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬يييي‪.‬‬
‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫ييي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (7‬ييييييي يييييي يي يييييي يييييي ييييي يي‪:‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يييييي يييييي يي ييييي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬
 ‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يييييييي يييي يييي ‪.‬‬
‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يييييييي ييييييي ييييي ييييييي‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫ييييييي يييييي يييييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫يييييييي ييييييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يييييي ‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (8‬يي يييي يييي يييييي ييييي ييي ييييييي ي‬

‫يي‪.‬‬ ‫ييي ‪.‬‬

‫يييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييي‬
‫)ييي يييي ييي يييييي )‪ (8‬ي )يي( ييييي ييي ييييي )يييييي‪-‬‬
‫‪:‬يييي يييي ي)ييي( ييييي ييي يي ييييييي ييييييي‪-‬‬

‫‪ (9‬يي يي يييييي يييي يي يييييي يييييي ييييي ي‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يييييي يييييييي‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫ييي يييي يييييي يييييي‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ييييي ييييييي ‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يييييي ييييي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ييييي ييييي ‪.‬‬

‫يي يييي‪.‬‬ ‫يي‪.‬‬

‫ييييي يييييي ‪ :‬ييييي يييييييي‬

‫‪(1‬يي يي ييييي يييييي‪) :‬ييييي يييييي يييي يي ييييي (‬

‫ييييي ييييييي ‪.‬‬ ‫يييييي ييييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييييييي ‪ -‬ييييييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييييي يييييييي‪.‬‬ ‫يييييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييييي يييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييييي يييييي ‪ -:‬ييييي يي يييييي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬يي يييييي ييييي ييي ي‬
 ‫ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي‪.‬‬
‫يي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (2‬يي ييييي يي يي يييي يييييي ييييي ييي ييييييي ي‬

‫ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي‪.‬‬
‫يي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (3‬يي يييي يي يييييي ييييي ييي يييي ييييي ييي ي‬

‫ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي‪.‬‬
‫يي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (4‬يي يييي يي يييييي ييييي ييييي يييي يي ييييي يييي يييي‬

‫ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي‪.‬‬
‫يي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪(5‬يي ييييي ييي يي ييييي يييييييي ييييييييي ييييي ييي يييي يييييي‬
‫ييي ييي ي‬

‫ييييي‪.‬‬ ‫ييييي‪.‬‬
‫يي ييييي‪.‬‬

‫‪ (6‬يي ييييي يي يييييي ييييييي ‪) :‬يييي يييييي يي ييييي (‬

‫ييي يييييي ‪.‬‬ ‫يييي ييييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييي ييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييييي يييييي ‪ :‬ييييييي يييييي يييييي ييييي يييييييي يي يييييي‬

‫ييييي‪.‬‬
‫يي‪.‬‬ ‫ييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(1‬يي ييي ييييييي ييييي يي ييي ي‬

‫‪ :-‬إذا كنت قد قمت بالتبرع بالدم من قبل فاجب عن السئلة التالية‪-‬‬

‫ييييي‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ييي‬ ‫‪ -1‬يي ييي ييييي ييييي ييييي ‪:‬‬

‫‪3‬يييي يي يييي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪-2‬يي يي ييي ييييي ييييي ‪ ) :‬يييي ييييي يي ييييي (‬

‫ييييي يييي يييي ييي يي يييي ييي ييي )ييييي(‪.‬‬

‫يييي ييييي يييي يييي ييي ييي ‪.‬‬

‫يييي يييييي ييي ييييي يييي‪.‬‬
‫ييييي يييي يي ييييي يييي يي يييي يييييي‪.‬‬

‫) ييي ييي يي ييييي ييييي يي ييي ييي ييي ييي ييييي ييييي يييي ييييييي ييييييي ‪ ) -:‬يييي يي‬

‫ييييي يييييي‬ ‫ييي يييييي ‪.‬‬

‫ييييييييي ‪.‬‬

‫يييي يييي ييييي‬ ‫يي يييي ييي ييي ‪.‬‬

‫يييييي ‪.‬‬
‫يييي يي ييي يييييي‬ ‫ييييي يي يييي ييييي يييييي ييييي‪.‬‬
‫ييي يييييييي يي ييي يييي ‪.‬‬

‫يييي ييييي ييييي يي يييييي يييييي يييييي ييي ييييييي )ييي ‪:‬‬
‫ييييي يييييي ي‪ (....‬ييي ييي‬

‫ييي ييي ييييي يييييي ‪.‬‬

‫‪..........‬يييييييييييييييييييييييييي‬
‫ييييييييييييييييييي‪..........‬‬

‫‪33‬‬