KARL MARX

Girish Changani (9)

Nikhil D’souza (14)
Flow of presentation
Karl Marx?

Major Contribution – School of Thought

Theories:-
Alienation
Surplus Value
Class Struggle

Conclusion
Karl Marx (May 5, 1818 to March 14,
1883)
• German economist,
philosopher, and
revolutionist

• In 1841, Marx received a

doctorate in philosophy

• Author :- Das Capital,

Communist Manifesto
 SCHOOL OF THOUGHT:-
• Marxist School:-
– Capitalism would
ultimately destroy itself
and be succeeded by a
world without private
property.

– The market system

allows capitalists, the
owners of machinery
and factories, to exploit
workers by denying
them a fair share of
what they produce
Marx's theory of
ALIENATION:-
• Theory of alienation argues
that the things that are
naturally belong together are
kept separate.

• Alienation is a systematic
result of capitalism

• Workers don’t find any

meaning of their work.
Characteristics of Alienation:-

i. Powerlessness

ii. Sense of Isolation

iii. Meaninglessness

iv. Normlessness

v. Self enstrangement
 Class Struggle

- According to
Marx, society has
always been
divided into the
“haves” and the
“have nots” – and
these two classes
have always
fought each
other.
Surplus value:-

• "If the exchange-value of a product equals the labour-

time contained in the product, then the exchange-value
of a working day is equal to the product it yields, in
other words, wages must be equal to the product of
labour.’’

• E.g.
– Worker – Hourly wage : $10 / hr
– Worker produces : $10 / 15 minutes
– Hence, Capitalists gets : $40 / hr
– Surplus value : $30
Conclusion
• Karl Marx from Germany strongly protested
Capitalism and pointed out its drawbacks.

• Workers are greatly exploited and become the

instruments for making the profits for the employers.

• ‘Alienation’ is one of the most important aspects of

Capitalistic mode of production