Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Project Report on
In
Submitted By
LAKSHMINARAYAN
4PM08MBA19
April, 2010
DECLARATION
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project report entitled “Need for
financial advisors for mutual fund investors” has been prepared by me under
the supervision and guidance of Mr. G.P.Nagesh
Faculty member, P.G Department of Management Studies, PES Institute of
Technology and Management , Shivamogga and now being submitted to
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM in partial
fulfillment of the University regulations for the award of the degree of MBA.
I further declare that this report is based on the original project study undertaken
by me and has not formed a basis for the award of any Degree/Diploma of V.T.U
or any other University.
Date: 4PM08MBA19
Certificate
This is to certify that the Project Report entitled “Need for financial advisors for
mutual fund investors” Is an individual work of Mr. LAKSHMINARAYAN. 3
semesters MBA, P.G. Department of Management Studies, PESITM,
Shivamogga submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the
degree of master of Business Administration in Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belgaum under our Supervision and Guidance.
We further certify that the work is original and has not been submitted to any
other University wholly or in part for any other degree or diploma or any other
programme.
EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
[1] [2]
Signature: Signature:
Name: Name:
Institution: Institution:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
successful.
Yours truly
LAKSHMINARAYAN
SERIAL PAGE
NUMBER LIST OF CONTACTS NUMBER
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1-8
1.2 COMPANY OVERVIEW.
1.3 EVOLUTION OF KARVY.
1.4 SUCCESS SUTRAS OF KARVY.
1.5 THE SUCCESS LADDER.
1.6 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF KARVY.
1.7 ACHIEVEMENTS.
1.8 QUALITY POLICY
1.9 DEVELOPMENT & PRESENT STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY.
2.1 INDUSTRIAL BACKGROUND 9-13
2.2 ORIGIN.
2.3 GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT & PRESENT STATUS OF THE
INDUSTRY.
2.4 LEADING COMPETITORS IN THE INDUSTRY.
3.1 MCKINSEY 7-S FRAMEWORK 14-22
3.2 SUPER-ORDINATE GOALS.
3.3 STRATEGY.
3.4 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE.
3.5 FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENTS.
3.6 SYSTEMS.
3.7 STYLE.
3.8 STAFF.
3.9 SKILLS.
4.1 PRODUCT PROFILE 23-30
4.2 KARVY SERVICES.
5.1 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KARVY. 31
6.1 LEARNING EXPERIENCE 32
7.1 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH 33-54
7.2 NEED OF THE STUDY.
7.3 OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH.
7.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY.
LIST OF TABLES:
Executive summary
This project has been a great learning experience for me; at the same time it
gave me enough scope to implement my analytical ability. This project as a whole
can be divided into two parts:
The first part gives an overall details about Karvy Stock Broking Limited that is
Vision and Mission, The success ladder of Karvy ,Organization structure of
Karvy, and there Achievements and the industrial background of Stock
Brokers, Growth, Development & Present status of the industry, Leading
competitors in the industry and SWOT analysis of Karvy. McKinsey 7-S
framework as been clearly explained about the organization study of
departmental of KSBL and Services provided by KSBL.
The Second part gives an insight about the mutual funds and its various
aspects. It is purely based on whatever I learned at Karvy. One can have a
brief knowledge about mutual funds and all its basics through the project.
Other than that the real savings come when one moves ahead. Some of the
most interesting questions regarding mutual funds have been covered. Some
of them are: why has it become one of the largest financial intermediaries?
How investors do chose between funds? Performance Measures of Mutual
Funds, All the topics have been covered in a very systematic way. The
language has been kept simple so that even a layman could understand. All
the dates have been well analyzed with the help of charts and graphs. This
part consists of dates and their analysis, collected through a survey done on
50 people. It covers the topic “Need for financial advisors for mutual fund
investors”. The data collected has been well organized and presented. Hope
the research findings and conclusions will be of use. It has also covered why
people don’t want to go for financial advisors? The advisors can take further
steps to approach more and more people and indulge them for taking their
advices.
1.1 Introduction:
It is well said that success is a journey not a destination and we can see it
being proved by Karvy. Under this section we will see that how this “Karvy and
company” of 1980 became “Karvy” of 2008. Karvy blossomed with the setting up
of its first branch at Mumbai during the year 1987-88. The turning point came in
the year 1989 when it decided to enter into one of the not only emerging rather
potential field too i.e.; stock broking. It added the feather of stock broking into its
cap. At the same time it became the member of Hyderabad Stock Exchange
through associate firm Karvy securities ltd and then Karvy never looked back it
went on adding services one after another, it entered into retail stock broking in
the year 1990. Karvy investor service centers were set up in the year 1992. Karvy
which already enjoyed a wide network through its investor service centers,
entered into financial product distribution services in the year 1993. One year
more and Karvy was now dealing into mutual fund services too in the year 1994
but it didn’t stopped there, it stepped into corporate finance and investment
banking in the year 1995.
Karvy’s strategy has always been being the first entrant in the market. Karvy
again hit the limelight by becoming the first registrar in the country to be awarded
ISO 9002 in the year 1997. Then it stepped into the other most happening sector
i.e.; IT enabled services by establishing its own BPO units and at a gap of just 1
year it took the path of e-Business through its website www.karvy.com . Then it
entered into insurance services in the year 2001 with the launch of its retail arm
“Karvy- the Finapolis: your personal finance advisor”. Then in the year 2002 it
launched its PCG (Private Client Group) which looks after its High Networth
Individuals .and maintain their portfolio and provides them with other financial
services. In the year 2003, it commenced secondary debt and WDM trading.
It was a decade which saw many Indian companies going global so why
the largest financial service provider of India should lag behind? Hence, Karvy
launched “Karvy global services limited” after entering into a joint venture with
Computershare, Australia in the year 2004.the year 2004 also saw Karvy entering
into commodities marketing through Karvy Comtrade.
Year 2005 saw Karvy establishing a separate branch for its insurance
services under the head “Karvy insurance broking ltd” and in the same year, after
being impressed with the rapid growth of Karvy stock broking limited, PCG group
of Hong Kong acquired 25% stake at KSBL. In the year 2006, Karvy entered into
one of the hottest sector of present time i.e. real estate through Karvy realty&
services (India) ltd. hence, we can see now Karvy being established as the
largest financial service provider of the country.
Vision of Karvy:
To achieve & sustain market leadership, Karvy shall aim for complete
customer satisfaction, by combining its human and technological resources, to
provide world class quality services. In the process Karvy shall strive to meet and
exceed customer's satisfaction and set industry standards.
Mission statement:
Now Karvy group consists of 8 highly renowned entities which are as follow:
1. :
2. :
karvy stock broking ltd. Consists of five units namely stock broking
servics, depository participant, advisory services, distribution of financial
products, advisory services and private client goups.
3. :
4. :
karvy insurance broking ltd is also a part of karvy stock broking ltd. At
Karvy Insurance Broking Limited both life and non-life insurance products are
provided to retail individuals, high net-worth clients and corporates.
5. :
6. :
7. :
Karvy Realty (India) Limited is engaged in the business of real estate and
property services offering:
8. :
Y- Mr.: M. Yugandhar.
1.7 Achievements:
To achieve and retain leadership, Karvy shall aim for complete customer
satisfaction, by combining its human and technological resources, to provide
superior quality financial services. In the process, Karvy will strive to exceed
Customer's expectations.
Quality Objectives
Karvy ranks among the top player in almost all the fields it operates. Karvy
Computershare Limited is India’s largest Registrar and Transfer Agent with a
client base of nearly 500 blue chip corporate, managing over 2 crore accounts.
Karvy Stock Brokers Limited, member of National Stock Exchange of India and
the Bombay Stock Exchange, ranks among the top 5 stock brokers in India. With
over 6, 00,000 active accounts, it ranks among the top 5 Depositary Participant in
India, registered with NSDL and CDSL. Karvy Comtrade, Member of NCDEX and
MCX ranks among the top 3 commodity brokers in the country. Karvy Insurance
Brokers is registered as a Broker with IRDA and ranks among the top 5 insurance
agent in the country. Registered with AMFI as a corporate Agent, Karvy is also
among the top Mutual Fund mobilize with over Rs. 5,000 crores under
management. Karvy Realty Services, which started in 2006, has quickly
established itself as a broker who adds value, in the realty sector. Karvy Global
offers niche off shoring services to clients in the US. Karvy has 575 offices over
375 locations across India and overseas at Dubai and New York. Over 9,000
highly qualified people staff Karvy.
INTRODUCTION
A stock broker is someone who buys and sells stocks on the behalf of
others for a predetermined commission. The stock broker basically works as an
agent coordinating the activities of the buyers and sellers on the stock exchange.
Along with the trading of stocks, many stock brokers indulge in giving advice to
the clients as to which stocks, mutual funds, debentures etc. to buy or sell.
2.2 ORIGIN:
The history of stock brokers can be traced back to the origins of the first
stock exchange in 1602 at Amsterdam. Even before that brokers are said to have
existed in France dealing with government securities. The Amsterdam Stock
Exchange was involved in buying and selling of shares for the Dutch East India
Company.
Till the 1980's stock broking services were used only by the wealthy class
who could afford them. Later with the advent of the Internet, stock broking
became very easy. Thus, the price tag on stock brokers lowered considerably
and their services became available even to the common man. Stock broking
firms have also been allowed to be market makers as long as the appropriate
Chinese walls are put in place. With the advent of automated stock broking
systems on the Internet the client often has no personal contact with his/her stock
broking firm. The stockbroker's system performs all the stock broking functions: it
obtains the best price from the market and executes and settles the trade. Today,
most of the once well-known corporate brand names including mid-sized firms
Stage 1 Beginning:
During the 11th century, the French began regulating and trading
agricultural debts on behalf of the banking community, creating the first
brokerage system. In the 1300s, houses began to be set up in major cities like
Flanders and Amsterdam in which commodity traders would hold meetings.
Soon, Venetian brokers began to trade in government securities, expanding the
importance of the firms. In 1602, the Dutch East India Company became the first
publicly traded company in which shareholders could own a portion of the
business. The stocks improved the size of companies and became the standard
bearer for the modern financial system.
Stage 2 Significance
Stage 3: Considerations
In the 1980s and 1990s, deposit growth slowed as more people invested
in equity shares and mutual funds. Rather than allowing depositors to withdraw
their funds and invest them elsewhere, however, many banks (through the non-
bank affiliates of their bank holding companies) began aggressively offering
brokerage services. In this way, banks were able to generate non-interest fee
income to help offset some of the increased interest costs of relying on borrowed
funds o finance their growth. Until the 1980s, commercial banks didn’t emphasize
their brokerage powers or solicit business, except to serve a few large accounts
in their trust departments. Beginning in the 1980s, commercial banks began to
offer trading services to retail customers. Some banks started their own
brokerage operations from scratch and others entered onto joint-venture
arrangements, whereby the bank purchases broker services from an established
securies firm and markets the services under the name of the bank. To date,
more than 2000 banks are providing active brokerage services to their
customers.
Stage 4: Effects
The creation of high valued brokerage firms like Goldman Sachs and Bear
Sterns created a system of consolidation. Working with hundreds of billions of
dollars, the larger firms began to merge and take over smaller firms in the last
half of the 20th century. Firms like Smith Barney were acquired by Citigroup and
other investment banks, creating massive financial institutions that valued, held,
sold, insured and invested in securities. This conglomeration of the financial
sector created an environment of volatility that caused a chain reaction when
other firms like Bear Sterns and Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy. Trillions of
dollars of assets were tied together in different companies and resulted in a large
economic collapse in late 2008.
Stage 5: Features
investors may turn away from discounted brokers because of the advanced
systems and terms, and instead go to traditional brokers.
The framework suggests that there is a multiplicity of factors that influence the
organizations ability to change and its proper mode of change. Because of in
connectedness of the variables it would be difficult to make significant progress in
one area without making progress in the others as well.
3.3 Strategy:
The following are the some of the strategies adopted by the organization:
In Karvy, for the purpose of smooth flow of its function it is divided into four
sections:
3. Tin section
Branch Manager
In stock broking section, back office, the accounting and other manual
work take place and in dealing buying and selling of shares and debenture
activities takes place in this section is supervised and headed by manager
In front office online trading activities takes place and this is headed by
mutual fund section. This mutual fund section provides advisory services for
investors it includes investment advice for new investors, focus on mutual fund
portfolio, advice on the existing holdings and analysis of funds And one marketing
executive who undertakes mutual fund activities is guided by mutual fund section
and to turn branch manager supervisor this section.
Account opening.
Holding enquiries.
Transfer of physical shares to Demat form.
Transfer of Demat shares to physical form.
Transformations of shares from Demat to trading account etc.
BACK OFFICE:
MARKETING:
BACK OFFICE:
1. TIN. Tax information network services, this is recently introduced by the RIS
Department in this service, KSBL tries to give the services regarding taxation like
2. PAN opening
ADVISORY SERVICES
This is the main function done by the ris department kcl gives every
financial advisory services to investors for ex: portfolio management, equity tips,
tax planning etc.
3. MUTUAL FUNDS
1 direct selling
2. Telemarketing
REGISTER SERVICES:
KSBL also gives register service to AMC in this service it provide the
following benefits to AMC: such as INGVYSAY, SBI, UTI, ICICI, BIRLA, Etc.
5. It gives the information related to AMC shames (like NAV, DATES etc) to
schemes existing investors
4 INSURANCE
1. Direct marketing
2. Tele marketing
5. ACCOUNTS
2. Internal auditing
6. HR & ADMINISTRATION
3.6 Systems:
received ISO9002 certification .So the employees are following the rules,
regulations, and procedures of the international standardization for organization
(ISO). And with this company has its own corporate culture and every employee
has to follow it.
The organization follows strict rules and regulations for the employee. It
follows specific entry and exit timing for its employees. Each employee has to
follow a specific dress code depending on his line or work or duty. All junior staff
member will have to report to the designated senior staff member daily
attendance register to the human resource department. This is duly processed at
the end of each month. The company has its regional office in Bangalore, which
is headed by a regional manager. All branch heads and various dept heads will
report to him on regular basis. Finance operations are centralized at the head
office level and excess funds are regularly transferred to the head office account.
Periodic fund requirement at the regional level will be sent as and when required.
But the local regional manager would sign all cheques and such instruments.
3.7 Style:
Style is one of the seven levers. Which top managers can use to bring
about organizational change each organization differs from others in their styles
of working reporting relationships will convey the style of organization. Top
management follows formal relationship with their subordinates and participative
leadership is followed. The chairman who sits at the head office in Hyderabad
heads the organization. At all over the branches across the country Regional
Manager has been appointed. The chairman will take decision related to the
group as such. All other decisions related to the relevant to the region and
regional heads will take their line of work. Managers are responsible and
accountable for their decisions and subsequent implementations. By and large
decision making are decentralized for day to day affair.
3.8 Staff:
3.9 Skills:
Introduction
1. Stock broking
2. Demat services
3. Investment product distribution
4. Investment advisory services
5. Corporate finance & Merchant banking
6. Insurance
7. Mutual fund services
8. IT enabled services
9. Registrars & Transfer agents
10. Loans
11. Tin
1. Stock Broking:
2. Demat Services:
Since Karvy is also in the broking business, investors who use Karvy’s depository
services get a dual benefit. They can use Karvy’s brokerage services to execute
transactions and Karvy’s depository services to settle them.
(B) Bonds
(c) IPO
(B) Bonds:
NHB
REC
(C) IPO:
Karvy enjoys SEBI category (I) authorization for Merchant Banking. Karvy
offers the full spectrum of Merchant Banking Services, beginning from identifying
the best time for an issue to final stage of marketing it, to harvest unparalleled
success.
Issue management
Instrument designing
Marketing efforts
Loan syndication
Lease financing
Underwriting
Portfolio management
6. Insurance:
Karvy's ability to mass customize and offer a diverse range of products for
a diverse range of customers has helped mutual fund companies to uniquely
position themselves in the market place. These diverse range of services cut
across multiple delivery channels – service centers, web, mobile phones, call
center – has brought home the benefits of technology to investors, distributors,
and the mutual funds. Going forward, Karvy shall strive to create new products
and services, which would address the needs of the end customer. Company’s
single minded focus in delivering products for customers has given it the
distinguished position of being the preferred provider of financial services in the
country.
Karvy has been started this service since March, 2004. Karvy is work as TIN
Facilitation Centre it provides following IT enabled services.
Overall Excellence.
Handling of Volumes
Timely Dispatch
10. Loan:
Karvy has recently started this service at selected branches of metro cities.
This service has not been started in Saurashtra-Kucch region. Karvy provides
loans for following.
Vehicle Loan
Home Loan
Personal Loan
11. TIN
While NSDL will be the primary agency responsible for the design,
implementation and maintenance of TIN as per the requirements of ITD, other
agencies will also play key roles in the TIN system.
The banking system, being the agency that collects the money on behalf
of the ITD against tax obligations from the tax payers will be linked to the TIN
central system to provide accounting information on tax paid by various entities
Strengths:
Employees are highly empowered.
Strong Communication Network.
Good co-operation between employees.
Number 1 Registrar and Transfer agent in India.
Number 1 dealer of Investment Products in India.
Weaknesses:
High Employee Turnover.
Opportunity:
Growth rate of mutual fund industry is 40 to 50% during last year and it
expected that this rate will be maintained in future also.
Marketing at rural and semi-urban areas.
Threats:
Increasing number of local players.
Past image of Mutual Fund.
Practical Exposure:
Company Exposure:
The study gave an exposure to the real life situation in the company, future
growth possibilities and its contribution to the economy.
Presentation Skills:
Research:
Research design
It is framework that plans the action for the research project. It is a master
plan contain everything how to start and how to finish effectively. It is frame work
for action. It specifies pattern of framework for controlling the collection of dada
accurately and economically and specifies methods and procedures. It is the glue
that holds all of the elements in a research project together. We often describe a
design using a concise notation that enables us to summarize a complex design
structure efficiently.
Research methods
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Causal / Experimental research
Descriptive research
The value of each unit of the mutual fund, known as the net asset value
(NAV), is mostly calculated daily based on the total value of the fund divided by
the number of shares currently issued and outstanding. The value of all the
securities in the portfolio in calculated daily. From this, all expenses are deducted
and the resultant value divided by the number of units in the fund is the fund’s
NAV.
The investor must rely on the integrity of the professional fund manager.
Fund management fees may be unreasonable for the services rendered.
The fund manager may not pass transaction savings to the investor.
The fund manager is not liable for poor judgment when the investor's fund
loses value.
There may be too many transactions in the fund resulting in higher
fee/cost to the investor - This is sometimes call "Churn and Earn".
Prospectus and Annual report are hard to understand.
Investor may feel a loss of control of his investment dollars.
There may be restrictions on when and how an investor sells/redeems his
mutual fund shares.
The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit
Trust of India, at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank. The
history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases.
1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by
public sector banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General
Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI
Mutual Fund established in June 1987 followed by Canbank Mutual Fund (Dec
87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov
89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC
established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in
December 1990.At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under
management of Rs.47, 004 crores.
1993 was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into
being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and
governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton)
was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993.
In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963
UTI was bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of
the Unit Trust of India with assets under management of Rs.29, 835 crores as at
the end of January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme,
assured return and certain other schemes
The second is the UTI Mutual Fund Ltd, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and
LIC. It is registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations
consolidation and growth. As at the end of September, 2004, there were 29
funds, which manage assets of Rs.153108 crores under 421 schemes.
Most funds have a particular strategy they focus on when investing. For
instance, some invest only in Blue Chip companies that are more established and
are relatively low risk. On the other hand, some focus on high-risk start up
companies that have the potential for double and triple digit growth. Finding a
mutual fund that fits your investment criteria and style is important.
Open-ended funds: Investors can buy and sell the units from the fund, at
any point of time.
Close-ended funds: These funds raise money from investors only once.
Therefore, after the offer period, fresh investments cannot be made into
the fund. If the fund is listed on a stocks exchange the units can be traded
like stocks (E.g., Morgan Stanley Growth Fund). Recently, most of the
New Fund Offers of close-ended funds provided liquidity window on a
periodic basis such as monthly or weekly. Redemption of units can be
made during specified intervals. Therefore, such funds have relatively low
liquidity.
Equity funds: These funds invest in equities and equity related instruments.
With fluctuating share prices, such funds show volatile performance, even
losses. However, short term fluctuations in the market, generally smoothens out
in the long term, thereby offering higher returns at relatively lower volatility. At
the same time, such funds can yield great capital appreciation as, historically,
equities have outperformed all asset classes in the long term. Hence,
investment in equity funds should be considered for a period of at least 3-5
years. It can be further classified as:
Index funds- In this case a key stock market index, like BSE Sensex or
Nifty is tracked. Their portfolio mirrors the benchmark index both in terms
of composition and individual stock weight age.
Equity diversified funds- 100% of the capital is invested in equities
spreading across different sectors and stocks.
Dividend yield funds- it is similar to the equity diversified funds except
that they invest in companies offering high dividend yields.
Thematic funds- Invest 100% of the assets in sectors which are related
through some theme. e.g. -An infrastructure fund invests in power,
construction, cements sectors etc.
Sector funds- Invest 100% of the capital in a specific sector. e.g. - A
banking sector fund will invest in banking stocks.
Balanced fund: Their investment portfolio includes both debt and equity. As
a result, on the risk-return ladder, they fall between equity and debt funds.
Balanced funds are the ideal mutual funds vehicle for investors who prefer
spreading their risk across various instruments. Following are balanced
funds classes:
Debt-oriented funds -Investment below 65% in equities.
Equity-oriented funds -Invest at least 65% in equities, remaining in debt.
Debt fund: They invest only in debt instruments, and are a good option for
investors averse to idea of taking risk associated with equities. Therefore,
they invest exclusively in fixed-income instruments like bonds, debentures,
Government of India securities; and money market instruments such as
certificates of deposit (CD), commercial paper (CP) and call money. Put
your money into any of these debt funds depending on your investment
horizon and needs.
Liquid funds- These funds invest 100% in money market instruments, a
large portion being invested in call money market.
Gilt funds ST- They invest 100% of their portfolio in government
securities of and T-bills.
Floating rate funds - Invest in short-term debt papers. Floaters invest in
debt instruments which have variable coupon rate.
Arbitrage fund- They generate income through arbitrage opportunities
due to miss-pricing between cash market and derivatives market. Funds
are allocated to equities, derivatives and money markets. Higher
proportion (around 75%) is put in money markets, in the absence of
arbitrage opportunities.
Gilt funds LT- They invest 100% of their portfolio in long-term
government securities.
Income funds LT- Typically such funds invest a major portion of the
portfolio in long-term debt papers.
MIPs- Monthly Income Plans have an exposure of 70%-90% to debt and
an exposure of 10%-30% to equities.
FMPs- fixed monthly plans invest in debt papers whose maturity is in line
with that of the fund.
5. Investment strategies:
1. Systematic Investment Plan: under this a fixed sum is invested each month
on a fixed date of a month. Payment is made through post dated cheques or
direct debit facilities. The investor gets fewer units when the NAV is high and
more units when the NAV is low. This is called as the benefit of Rupee Cost
Averaging (RCA)
2. Systematic Transfer Plan: under this an investor invest in debt oriented fund
and give instructions to transfer a fixed sum, at a fixed interval, to an equity
scheme of the same mutual fund.
The entire mutual fund industry operates in a very organized way. The
investors, known as unit holders, handover their savings to the AMCs under
various schemes. The objective of the investment should match with the objective
of the fund to best suit the investors’ needs. The AMCs further invest the funds
into various securities according to the investment objective. The return
8. Regulatory Authorities:
Offer document:
An offer document is issued when the AMCs make New Fund Offer (NFO).
It’s advisable to every investor to ask for the offer document and read it before
investing. An offer document consists of the following:
Distribution channels:
Mutual funds posses a very strong distribution channel so that the ultimate
customers doesn’t face any difficulty in the final procurement. The various parties
involved in distribution of mutual funds are:
Direct marketing by the AMCs: the forms could be obtained from the
AMCs directly. The investors can approach to the AMCs for the forms.
some of the top AMCs of India are; Reliance ,Birla Sunlife, Tata, SBI
magnum, Kotak Mahindra, HDFC, Sundaram, ICICI, Mira Assets, Canara
Robeco, Lotus India, LIC, UTI etc. whereas foreign AMCs include:
Standard Chartered, Franklin Templeton, Fidelity, JP Morgan, HSBC, DSP
Merrill Lynch, etc.
Broker/ sub broker arrangements: the AMCs can simultaneously go for
broker/sub-broker to popularize their funds. AMCs can enjoy the
advantage of large network of these brokers and sub brokers.eg: KARVY
being the top financial intermediary of India has the greatest network. So
the AMCs dealing through KARVY has access to most of the investors.
Individual agents, Banks, NBFC: investors can procure the funds through
individual agents, independent brokers, banks and several non- banking
financial corporations too, whichever he finds convenient for him.
When the market is flooded with mutual funds, it’s a very tough job for the
investors to choose the best fund for them. Whenever an investor thinks of
investing in mutual funds, he must look at the investment objective of the fund.
Then the investors sort out the funds whose investment objective matches with
that of the investor’s. Now the tough task for investors start, they may carry on
the further process themselves or can go for advisors like KARVY. Of course the
investors can save their money by going the direct route i.e. through the AMCs
directly but it will only save 1-2.25% (entry load) but could cost the investors in
terms of returns if the investor is not an expert. So it is always advisable to go for
MF advisors. The mf advisors’ thoughts go beyond just investment objectives and
rate of return. Some of the basic tools which an investor may ignore but an mf
advisor will always look for are as follow:
The investors going for Systematic Investment Plans (SIP) and Systematic
Transfer Plans (STP) may enjoy the benefits of RCA (Rupee Cost Averaging).
Rupee cost averaging allows an investor to bring down the average cost of
buying a scheme by making a fixed investment periodically, like Rs 5,000 a
month and nowadays even as low as Rs. 500 or Rs. 100. In this case, the
investor is always at a profit, even if the market falls. In case if the NAV of fund
falls, the investors can get more number of units and vice-versa. This results in
the average cost per unit for the investor being lower than the average price per
unit over time.
The investor needs to decide on the investment amount and the frequency. More
frequent the investment interval, greater the chances of benefiting from lower
prices. Investors can also benefit by increasing the SIP amount during market
downturns, which will result in reducing the average cost and enhancing returns.
Whereas STP allows investors who have lump sums to park the funds in a low-
risk fund like liquid funds and make periodic transfers to another fund to take
advantage of rupee cost averaging.
2. Rebalancing:
Rebalancing involves booking profit in the fund class that has gone up and
investing in the asset class that is down. Trigger and switching are tools that can
be used to rebalance a portfolio. Trigger facilities allow automatic redemption or
switch if a specified event occurs. The trigger could be the value of the
investment, the net asset value of the scheme, level of capital appreciation, level
of the market indices or even a date. The funds redeemed can be switched to
other specified schemes within the same fund house. Some fund houses allow
such switches without charging an entry load.
To use the trigger and switch facility, the investor needs to specify the event, the
amount or the number of units to be redeemed and the scheme into which the
switch has to be made. This ensures that the investor books some profits and
maintains the asset allocation in the portfolio.
3. Diversification:
Diversification involves investing the amount into different options. In case
of mutual funds, the investor may enjoy it afterwards also through dividend
transfer option. Under this, the dividend is reinvested not into the same scheme
but into another scheme of the investor's choice.
For example, the dividends from debt funds may be transferred to equity
schemes. This gives the investor a small exposure to a new asset class without
risk to the principal amount. Such transfers may be done with or without entry
loads, depending on the MF's policy.
4. Tax efficiency:
Tax factor acts as the “x-factor” for mutual funds. Tax efficiency affects the
final decision of any investor before investing. The investors gain through either
dividends or capital appreciation but if they haven’t considered the tax factor then
they may end loosing. Debt funds have to pay a dividend distribution tax of 12.50
per cent (plus surcharge and education class) on dividends paid out. Investors
who need a regular stream of income have to choose between the dividend
option and a systematic withdrawal plan that allows them to redeem units
periodically. SWP implies capital gains for the investor. If it is short-term, then the
SWP is suitable only for investors in the 10-per-cent-tax bracket. Investors in
higher tax brackets will end up paying a higher rate as short-term capital gains
and should choose the dividend option.
If the capital gain is long-term (where the investment has been held for
more than one year), the growth option is more tax efficient for all investors. This
is because investors can redeem units using the SWP where they will have to
pay 10 per cent as long-term capital gains tax against the 12.50 per cent DDT
paid by the MF on dividends. All the tools discussed over here are used by all the
advisors and have helped investors in reducing risk, simplicity and affordability.
Even then an investor needs to examine costs, tax implications and minimum
applicable investment amounts before committing to a service.
10. Why has it become one of the largest financial instruments?
If we take a look at the recent scenario in the Indian financial market then
we can find the market flooded with a variety of investment options which
includes mutual funds, equities, fixed income bonds, corporate debentures,
company fixed deposits, bank deposits, PPF, life insurance, gold, real estate etc.,
all these investment options could be judged on the basis of various parameters
such as- return, safety convenience, volatility and liquidity. Measuring these
investment options on the basis of the mentioned parameters, we get this in a
tabular form:
We can very well see that mutual funds outperform every other investment
option. On three parameters it scores high whereas it’s moderate at one.
comparing it with the other options, we find that equities gives us high returns
with high liquidity but its volatility too is high with low safety which doesn’t makes
it favorite among persons who have low risk- appetite. Even the convenience
involved with investing in equities is just moderate.
Now looking at bank deposits, it scores better than equities at all fronts but
lags badly in the parameter of utmost important i.e. it scores low on return , so it’s
not an happening option for person who can afford to take risks for higher return.
The other option offering high return is real estate but that even comes with high
volatility and moderate safety level, even the liquidity and convenience involved
are too low. Gold have always been a favorite among Indians but when we look
at it as an investment option then it definitely doesn’t gives a very bright picture.
Although it ensures high safety but the returns generated and liquidity are
moderate. Similarly the other investment options are not at par with mutual funds
and serve the needs of only a specific customer group. Straightforward, we can
say that mutual fund emerges as a clear winner among all the options available.
funds as one of the largest financial intermediary and that is the flexibility
that mutual funds offer regarding the investment amount. One can start
investing in mutual funds with amount as low as Rs. 500 through SIPs and
even Rs. 100 in some cases.
Mutual Fund industry today, with about 34 players and more than five
hundred schemes, is one of the most preferred investment avenues in India.
However, with a plethora of schemes to choose from, the retail investor faces
problems in selecting funds. Factors such as investment strategy and
management style are qualitative, but the funds record is an important indicator
too. Though past performance alone cannot be indicative of future performance,
it is, frankly, the only quantitative way to judge how good a fund is at present.
Therefore, there is a need to correctly assess the past performance of different
mutual funds.
Worldwide, good mutual fund companies over are known by their AMCs
and this fame is directly linked to their superior stock selection skills. For mutual
funds to grow, AMCs must be held accountable for their selection of stocks. In
other words, there must be some performance indicator that will reveal the quality
of stock selection of various AMCs.
The Total Risk of a given fund is sum of these two and is measured in terms of
standard deviation of returns of the fund. Systematic risk, on the other hand, is
measured in terms of Beta, which represents fluctuations in the NAV of the fund
vis-à-vis market. The more responsive the NAV of a mutual fund is to the
changes in the market; higher will be its beta. Beta is calculated by relating the
returns on a mutual fund with the returns in the market. While unsystematic risk
can be diversified through investments in a number of instruments, systematic
risk cannot. By using the risk return relationship, we try to assess the competitive
strength of the mutual funds vis-à-vis one another in a better way.
Where, Ri represents return on fund, Rf is risk free rate of return and Bi is beta of
the fund. All risk-averse investors would like to maximize this value. While a high
and positive Treynor's Index shows a superior risk-adjusted performance of a
3. Jenson Model:
Where, Rm is average market return during the given period. After calculating it,
alpha can be obtained by subtracting required return from the actual return of the
fund.
Higher alpha represents superior performance of the fund and vice versa.
Limitation of this model is that it considers only systematic risk not the entire risk
associated with the fund and an ordinary investor cannot mitigate unsystematic
risk, as his knowledge of market is primitive.
4. Fama Model:
The net selectivity represents the stock selection skill of the fund manager,
as it is the excess return over and above the return required to compensate for
the total risk taken by the fund manager. Higher value of which indicates that fund
manager has earned returns well above the return commensurate with the level
of risk taken by him.
safeguarding the money invested to a great extent. The investment in funds that
have generated big returns at higher levels of risks leaves the money all the more
prone to risks of all kinds that may exceed the individual investors' risk appetite.
Primary data
Secondary data
Area of study:
Sampling procedure:
Sample size:
Sample design:
Data has been presented with the help of bar graph, pie charts, line
graphs etc.
Research tool:
Male
Female
92%
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that 92% are male and 8% are female
respondents.
Below 20 00 0%
20 – 30 46 92%
30 – 40 04 8%
40 & Above 00 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
92%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60% Percentage %
50%
40%
30%
20% 8%
10% 0% 0%
0%
Below 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 & Above
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that were 92% responders were
between 20 to 30 years, 8% responders were between 30 to 40 years
Employee 26 52%
student 02 4%
others 04 8%
TOTAL 50 100%
60% 52%
50%
36%
40%
30%
20%
8%
10% 4%
0%
Businessman Employee student others
Analysis:
Graduate 08 16%
PUC 02 4%
Below SSLC 02 4%
TOTAL 50 100%
Below SSLC 4%
PUC 4%
Percentage %
Graduate 16%
Analysis:
From the above table it is observed that 76% of responders are Post
Graduate holders, 16% of responders are Graduate holders, 4% of responders
are PUC holders and 4% of responders are Below SSLC.
50000-100000 13 26%
100000-500000 19 4%
above500000 02 8%
TOTAL 50 100%
0 0 0 0 00
0
00 00 00 00
50 0 0
-5
0 e5
w -1 0 ov
lo 00 00 ab
Be 50
0
10
0
Analysis:
From the above table it is clear that 32% of responders were having below
50000 income, 26 % of responders were having 50000-100000 income, 4% of
responders were having 100000-500000 income and 8% of responders were
having above500000 income.
Other sources 03 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
Cs
A M rs
e oke
th br es
m ly b- rc
ro on u u
tly
f
er
s /s rs
o
c rs e
re ok ok
e h
Di Br Br Ot
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that 24% of responders were purchase
mutual funds from directly from the AMCs, 46% of responders were purchase
mutual funds from Brokers only, 24% of responders were purchase mutual funds
from Brokers/ sub-brokers and 6% of responders were purchase mutual funds
from other sources.
Table no.7 : According to you which is the most suitable stage to invest in mutual
funds?
Pre-retirement stage 01 2%
TOTAL 50 100%
Pre-retirement stage 2%
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that 78% of responders said that
suitable stage to invest in mutual funds is at Young unmarried stage, 18% of
responders said that suitable stage to invest in mutual funds is at Young Married
with children stage, 2% of responders said that suitable stage to invest in mutual
funds is at Pre-retirement stage and 2% of responders said that suitable stage to
invest in mutual funds is at Old age stage.
Table no.8 : Which feature of the mutual funds influence you most?
TOTAL 50 100%
Diversification 38%
Analysis:
From the above table it is clear that 38% of responders said that the feature of
the mutual funds influence most is Diversification, 22% of responders said that
the feature of the mutual funds influence most is Professional management, 16%
of responders said that the feature of the mutual funds influence most is
Reduction in risk and transaction cost, and 24% of responders said that the
feature of the mutual funds influence most is helps in achieving long term goals.
TOTAL 50 100%
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that 10% of responders said that they find
themselves as a mutual fund investor as totally ignorant, 42% of responders said
that they find themselves as a mutual fund investor have Partial knowledge of
mutual funds, 34% of responders said that they find themselves as a mutual fund
investor have Aware only of any specific scheme in which you invested and 14%
of responders said that they find themselves as a mutual fund investor have fully
aware.
Table no.10 : Are you availing the services of personal financial advisors?
Yes 41 82%
No 09 18%
TOTAL 50 100%
Yes
No
82%
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that 82% of responders said Yes and 18% of
responders said No to avail the services of personal financial advisors.
planning
TOTAL 50 100%
Analysis:
From the above table it is evident that 14% of responders said that
expertise of the personal financial advisor is demanded most is Portfolio review &
investment recommendation, 40% of responders said that expertise of the
personal financial advisor is demanded most is planning to achieve specific
financial goals, 8% of responders said that expertise of the personal financial
advisor is demanded most is Managing assets in retirement, and 38% of
responders said that expertise of the personal financial advisor is demanded
most is Access to specialist in areas such as tax planning.
Table no.12 : What is the major reason for using financial advisors?
TOTAL 50 100%
Analysis:
From the above table it is clear that 24% of responders said that the major
reason for using financial advisors is that they Want help with asset allocation
, 16% of responders said that the major reason for using financial advisors is that
they Don’t have time to make my own investment decision, 26% of responders
said that the major reason for using financial advisors is that they want to explain
various investment options and 34% of responders said that the major reason for
using financial advisors is that they want to make sure I am investing enough to
meet my financial goals.
Table no.13: What is the major reason for not using financial advisor?
trustworthy advisor
TOTAL 50 100%
Analysis:
From the above table it is clear that 24% of responders said that the major
reason for not using financial advisors is that they have access to all resources
needed to invest on own, 34% of responders said that the major reason for not
using financial advisors is that believe advisors are too expensive, 18% of
responders said that the major reason for not using financial advisors is that
Unsure how to find a trustworthy advisor and 24% of responders said that the
major reason for not using financial advisors is that want to be in control of own
investment.
1. Survy of investors:
At the survey conducted upon 50 people, all are already mutual fund
investors. So there is enough scope for the advisors.
2. Investors knowledge about various mutual funds schemes:
Out of the 50 persons who already have invested in mutual funds/ are
interested to invest, only 14% have sound knowledge of MFs, 34% people
are aware of only the schemes in which they have invested. 42% possess
partial knowledge whereas 10% stands nowhere in knowledge about MFs.
3. Method of purchase of mutual funds:
24% participants buy forms directly from the AMCs, 46% from brokers
only, 24% from brokers and sub-brokers even then 6% people buy from
other sources. The brokers have the maximum reach so they should try to
make those investors aware of the happenings, even the AMCs should
follow it.
4. Factors that influence investors go for mutual funds:
When asked about the most alluring feature of MFs, most of them opted
for diversification, followed by reduction in risk, helps in achieving long
term goals and helps in achieving long term goals respectively.
5. Most preferred time of investors to invest in mutual fund:
Most of the investor preferred to invest at a young unmarried stage. Even
18% persons were ready to invest at a stage of young married with
children, person with older age investing due to profit there grandson. But
again the number rise to 2% at pre-retirement stage.
6. Availing the services of financial advisors:
Out of 50 responders, 82% were already availing the services of financial
advisors whereas 18% do not availing the services of financial advisors.
7. The major reason for availing the service of financial advisors:
24% participants regarded asset allocation as the major reason for going
for financial advisors. 26% of them needed them to explain them the
various investment options available.34% of them wanted to make sure
that they were saving enough to meet their financial goals. While just 16%
gave the reason- lack of time.
8. The major reason investors are not availing the service of financial
advisors:
When asked about one reason for not availing the services of financial
advisors, 34% of them pointed the advisors as expensive. 24% of them
wished to be in control of their own assets.18% of them said that they find
it difficult to get trustworthy advisors. Whereas 24% of them said they have
access to all the necessary resources required.
10.2 Suggestions:
The most vital problem spotted is of ignorance. Investors should be made aware
of the benefits. Nobody will invest until and unless he is fully convinced. Investors
should be made to realize that ignorance is no longer and what they are losing by
not investing. Mutual funds offer a lot of benefit which no other single option could
offer. But most of the people are not even aware of what actually a mutual fund
is? They only see it as just another investment option.
offering more services and benefits at the existing rate. They should also
maintain their code of ethics so that the investors could trust upon them.
Thus the advisors should try to attract more and more persons and turn them into
investors and finally their clients.
Conclusion:
If we take a look at the recent scenario in the Indian financial market then
we can find the market flooded with a variety of investment options which
includes mutual funds, equities, fixed income bonds, corporate debentures,
company fixed deposits, bank deposits and etc., Mutual Fund industry today, with
about 34 players and more than five hundred schemes, it is one of the most
preferred investment avenues in India. Mutual Fund Advisors give emphasis on
mutual funds than other investment options. Investment is the stepping stone to
achieving one's financial dreams. Mutual funds offer an opportune way to long-
term wealth creation. However, with more and more funds flooding the market,
the task of selecting the most suitable scheme gets even more complicated.
Mutual Fund Advisory Service at Karvy guides you through this network
and ensures that your investments are backed by their quality research. The
financial advisors can tap upon these people by educating them about mutual
funds. After Giving advice to the customers the Advisers should communicate
with the clients so there will be better relationship between the Company and the
Clients.
11.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.mutualfundindia.com
Business Line Newspaper.
Economic Times Newspaper.
www.thefinapolis.com
www.karvy.com
www.mutualfundsindia.com
10.1 QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Name: ……………………………………………….
5. Address: …………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………....
Phone number: ………………….…………….
3. Sex:
a) Male [ ] b) Female [ ]
4. Age:
a) Below 20 [ ] b) 20 – 40 [ ]
c) 40 – 60 [ ] d) 60 & Above[ ]
5. Education:
a) Post Graduate [ ] b) Under Graduate [ ]
c) PUC [ ] d) Below SSLC [ ]
6. Occupation:
a) Businessman [ ] b) Employee [ ]
c) student [ ] d) others ……………………
7. Maritial Status:
a) Married [ ] b) Unmarried [ ]
8. Income (yr):
a) Below 50000 [ ] b) 50000-100000 [ ]
c) 100000-500000 [ ] d) above500000 [ ]
10. If no what is the most important reason for not investing in mutual funds?
a) Lack of knowledge about mutual funds [ ]
b) Enjoys investing in other options [ ]
c) Its benefits are not enough to drive you for investment [ ]
d) No trust over the fund managers [ ]