Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UMTS Networks
Motivation
Standardization issues
UMTS architecture basics
UMTS radio link
Physical layer
Signaling
UE, UTRAN, PS Domain, CS Domain
Basic functionalities:
Accessing the network
Transferring data IMS
Detaching from the network Charging
Information storage
UMTS Evolution:
Mobility
from R99 to Rel7
QoS
Security Beyond UMTS
Supplementary Reading:
„Interworking Architecture between 3GPP and WLAN Systems“ K. Ahmavaara et al.,
IEEE Communication Magazine Nov. 2003
GSM
CS domain
GSM RAN
• initially < 10kb/s, evolved to today (EDGE) 384 kb/s
GPRS
adds PS Domain, in parallel to CS Domain
Initially higher transmission rates than GSM (max 115 kb/s)
• can also be used with EDGE
Shared radio channel (DSCH)
=> more efficient usage of radio resources,
because bandwidth demands of e.g. web traffic are highly fluctuating
(user needs time to read page) and bursty
allows a direct connection to e.g. the Internet
charging per data volume possible
• in GSM always charging per time unit
UMTS R99
GSM RAN replaced by UTRAN
• W-CDMA
• Higher bandwidth
– Up to 2Mb/s
• Macrodiversity, soft(er) handover
• Functionality differently distributed compared to GSM RAN
Support for QoS classes
UMTS Rel4
Separation of Transport and Control in CS domain
CS Domain may also be IP-based
IMS
Layer 2 between RNC and GGSN not necessarily ATM-based
Flexible RANs
May attach GSM RAN and GERAN to PS domain
(see next slide)
• GERAN = GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
The proper term to refer to a system including GERAN and GSM RAN is „3GPP
network“ rather than „UMTS network“
• UMTS network implies UTRAN
Iu Flex
Breaking hierarchical mapping of RNCs to SGSNs (MSCs)
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
„3.5G“
UTRA enhancement to increase downlink packet rate
Up to 14 Mb/s
Currently being deployed
Application
HLR HSS Server (AS)
control to SGSN,
MSC-S., Cx to CSCF (SIP), SGSN,
transport GMSC-S. MSC-S., GMSC-S.
Mw Mm
CSCF SIP CSCF SIP
Mg Internet
SIP to UE via Mr SIP Intranet
connectivity service
GSM Gb/ MRF
Radio A Go COPS
Gb/ Gn
SGSN GGSN IP CS-GW
Iu ps IP Gi
Gb/A/ PS domain IMS
GERAN Iu cs/
Iu ps
A/ Nc PSTN
MSC-S. GMSC-S. SGW
Iu cs /ISDN
UTRAN
Iu ps/ Mc Mc
Iu cs IP or
A/ CS-MGW ATM Nb MGW CS domain
Iu cs
RNC
SGSN
RNC
GGSN
RNC
SGSN
RNC
Iu Flex allows
Load balancing between SGSNs in one Pool Area
Reducing SGSN relocation
• Reduced signaling
• Reduced access to HLR / HSS
Overlap of Pool Areas allows mapping mobility patterns onto Pool Areas
• E.g. Pool Areas may cover certain residential zones plus city center
City center
Residential
Zones
HSDPA Features
Introduces new shared downlink transport channel:
HS-DSCH (High-Speed Downlink Channel)
• Associated with up- and downlink feedback / control channels
• Can be allocated to a single PDP (Packet Data Protocol) context or to multiple
PDP contexts of several suscribers
Can accommodate peek-rates up to 14 Mb/s
Sustained rates of 1 – 5 Mb/s
Coexists with R99 UTRA in same frequency band
Existing Node Bs can be upgraded (theoretically) to support HSDPA
Technical Realisation
16QAM modulation
• Codes 4 bits per phase/amplitude shift
Node B based scheduling
• Reduces delay
– E.g. retransmissions handled more quickly
Node B based adaptation of data rate
• Depending on currently necessary and possible throughput adapt
code rate and modulation scheme
– Without HDSPA data rate fixed per session
⇒ optimize throughput
− Hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat-reQuest )
− Upon detection of frame errors, receiver requests retransmission (normal ARQ)
− Information encoded redundantly in each transmission. Retransmission doesn’t
resend complete information, but only some more redundancy, complementing
the redundant data that has already been sent (Hybrid ARQ)
− Turbo Codes for FEC
− Powerful error correcting / encoding scheme suited for low signal-noise ratios
Usage of MIMO
• Multiple antennas in UE and Node B / spacial multiplexing
AR
IMS Messaging
SIP-based messaging
Instant messaging, „Chat room“, and deferred messaging (equivalent to MMS)
Interworks with Presence Service to determine whether addressee is available
USIM
WLAN Ww Wa 3GPP AAA
WLAN Access Network Charging
UE Server
Intranet / Internet
3GPP AAA
Charging
Proxy
Wa
Wg
WLAN Ww
WLAN Access Network Wn
UE WAG
Wd
Wp
Scenario 3
Wm
Wu 3GPP AAA
Packet Data Server Charging
Gateway
Wi
HSS / HLR
Goals
Support of multiple (incl non-3GPP) access networks
• Incl. Inter-access mobility
• Streamline architecture
Accommodate results of LTE work
Accommodate results of AIPN work
Focus on PS Domain
Assume voice services are supported by PS Domain
Evolved Architecture
MME (Mobility Management Entity)
• Manages and stores UE information
• Generates temporary identities and allocates them to UEs
• Authentication and Authorization of UEs
UPE (User Plane Entity)
• terminates downlink path for idle state UEs
• triggers/initiates paging when downlink data arrive for the UE
• manages and stores UE contexts
GERAN Gb
HSS Op.
S6 IP
S1 MME S5 Inter AS Gi Serv.
Evolved RAN (IMS,
UPE Anchor
PSS,
Evolved Packet Core
etc…)
Inter AS Anchor:
• User plane anchor for mobility between different access systems. S2 S2
• Supports handover between different access systems. WLAN
non 3GPP
IP Access 3GPP IP Access
• WiMAX integration
– Along the lines of WLAN integration
AIPN
Access
System Access
System
Subscription
Mobile
Terminal
PAN
Device Device
Device
Ubiquitous Service
All-IP Network (AIPN)
City
Hotspot AIPN
Service
Bob’s
Home-WLAN
Bob moves
What is 4G?
What is 4G?
Evolution from 1G to 4G
Services
Technology
Current 4G Activities
WWI Activities
• Ambient Networks
Services Speech Speech, some data Speech, data, All services, AmI,
(MMS, SMS, WAP) multimedia networking of
networks, ubiquity,…
UMTS Networks and Internet Telephony – Sommersemester 2006 40
What is 4G?
3.5G ?
HSDPA (HSUPA) / more bandwidth
There is not yet a universally agreed-upon definition of 4G
for some bandwidth > 2Mb/s is 4G (outdated)
for some seamless integration of 3G and
WLAN / WiMAX /… (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) access is 4G
• Already being specified into UMTS standard
Korea: “WiBro”
• WiMAX plus simple architecture with mobility support
• Currently in pilot phase
for some, only a qualitative step forward
in technology and services becomes 4G
• See next slides
When will 4G be available?
(depending on definition)
may be 2010… or earlier...or later…
"Ambient Intelligence"
• multitude of embedded, networked devices in the environment ("ubiquitous
computing")
• they interact with the person and personalize the surroundings
– learning and adaptive environment
– location-aware, context-aware, person-aware
– raises interesting security issues
» what information is spread and stored where
» user needs to stay in control ("off-button" must exist)
– e.g. "milk-ordering fridge", "perfect toast", "always the same favorite meal"...
Background
Evolution from 1G to 3G
Comparison UMTS and „mobile Internet“
What is 4G?
Technology
Services
Current 4G Activities
WWI Activities
• Ambient Networks
Blue
Toot
h
WLAN
AN WLAN Access
Creation of PAN 1
Network Integration
Involved networks merge into one common network
E.g. creation of a PAN
Control Delegation or Control Sharing
One Ambient Network delegates certain control functions to the other Ambient
Network
Increasing cooperation
E.g. 3GPP-WLAN interworking:
WLAN delegates authentication, authorization and charging
to 3GPP network
E.g. PANs on a train:
PANs delegate mobility management to train network à la nemo
Network Interworking
Cooperation according to the Composition Agreement but no control delegation
E.g. dynamic roaming agreements
Ambient Ambient
Network Network
Interface Interface
(….) (…)
Ambient
Ambient
Mobility Connectivity Security
Connectivity
GANS FA FA
QoS Composition
Congestion
FA FA
Control
FA
Ambient
Network
Interface
Composition FA Composition FA
Connectivity Connectivity
FA FA
ANI ANI
Authentication Authentication
Authorisation Authorisation
Other FAs Other FAs
FA - Functional Area
When two Ambient Networks compose, their Functional Areas need to communicate
E.g. QoS FAs need to establish Service Level Agreement (SLA)
The FA/ node initiating the signaling usually doesn’t know the IP address of the responsible
FA/node in the other Ambient Network
Need ability to abstractly address FAs, e.g. “QoS FA @ Ambient Network X”
Address a specific service rather than a particular node
This goes beyond HIP addressing