Presentation on

WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY

By:
Ankit Agrawal
 Introduction

! ! !
r es
W i
or e
o M
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 Introduction
The term ‘Wireless’.

Wireless & Cordless – Are they same?

Wireless Networks
 The Beginning
 Most important discovery in Wireless history
made in 1888 by Rudolf Hertz.
 First radio factory called ‘Wireless Telegraph
and Signal Company’ set up by G. Marconi
in 1896.
 The first commercially available radio
telephone network made available by Bell
Telephone Company in early 1950s.
 Types Of Radiations
Radiowaves
 Wireless transmission of signals, by modulation.
 It uses two methods:
a)AM(.3 – 3 MHz) b)FM (3-30 MHz)
Microwaves
 Easily passes through the earth's.
 Less Interference.
 More bandwidth than Radio transmission.
 Used in Bluetooth
 Types Of Radiations
Infrared
 Do not penetrate walls.

 Is used in Remote controls.

 It is used in Night-Mode
photography.
 Cellular Networks
 A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number
of radio cells.
 Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over
alternative solutions:
• increased capacity
• reduced power usage
• better coverage
 Primary Feature
 FDMA
 CDMA
Cellular Telephony
Cellular Telephony
Cellular Telephony
Cellular Telephony
 Short Range P-to -P
Wireless Microphones
 Handheld
Large enough
Heavy

Body pack
Separate housing
Wired Microphone
 Wireless Microphone
Advantages
 Freedom Of Movement
 Avoids Cabling Problem

Limitations
 Limited Range
 Limited Time period
 Interference With Nearby Radio Equipment
 Cost
 Remote Control
 First wired Remote-control was Developed by Zenith
Radio Corporation in early 1950s
 ‘Flashmatic’- wireless remote control in 1955

 Remote Control as seen

by digital camera.
Wireless LAN
 Wireless LAN

Ad-hoc network uses no access point

 Wireless LAN
Advantages
 Convenience and mobility
 Less complex and Low Cost
 Expandable

Limitations
 Security
 Range
 Speed(1-54 Mbps)
 Wi-Fi
What is Wi-Fi?
 Wi-Fi is a brand originally licensed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to describe the
embedded technology of wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on
the IEEE 802.11 specifications.

 Wi-Fi was developed to be used for mobile computing devices, such as

laptops, in LANs, but is now increasingly used for more services, including
Internet and gaming.
 Wi-Fi
Uses
 A Wi-Fi enabled device such as a computer or cell phone can connect to
the Internet when in proximity of an access point.

 Wi-Fi also allows connectivity in peer-to-peer (wireless ad-hoc network)

mode, which enables devices to connect directly with each other.

 More standards are in development that will allow Wi-Fi to be used by

cars in highways in support of an Intelligent Transportation System to
increase safety, gather statistics, and enable mobile commerce.
 Wi-Fi
How It Works?
In fact, communication across a wireless network
is a lot like two-way radio communication.
Here's what happens:
– A computer's wireless adapter translates data
into a radio signal and transmits it using an
antenna.
– A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it.
It sends the information to the Internet using a physical,
wired Ethernet connection.
This process also works in reverse.
 Wi-Fi
Advantages of Wi-Fi
 Allows LANs to be deployed without cabling, typically reducing the costs
of network deployment and expansion.
 Wi-Fi chipset pricing continues to come down.
 Wi-Fi products are widely available in the market.
 Wi-Fi is a global set of standards. Unlike cellular carriers, the same Wi-Fi
client works in different countries around the world.
 As of 2006, WPA and WPA2 encryption are not easily crackable if strong
passwords are used.
 New protocols for Quality of Service (WMM) and power saving
mechanisms (WMM Power Save) makes Wi-Fi even more suitable for
applications relating to audio and video.
 Wi-Fi
Limitations of Wi-Fi
 Power consumption is fairly high.
 Many 2.4 GHz 802.11b and 802.11g access points default to the same
channel, contributing to congestion on certain channels.
 Wi-Fi pollution, meaning interference of a closed or encrypted access
point with other open access points in the area.
 A typical Wi-Fi home router using 802.11b or 802.11g with a stock
antenna might have a range of 45 m indoors and 90 m outdoors.
 Wi-Fi networks can be monitored and used to read and copy data
(including personal information) transmitted over the network.
 The speed and reliability of the wired connection might be worth the
hassle of running the wire, versus the cost of buying a wireless adapter.
 Wi-Fi
Standard Devices

 Wireless Adapter
A wireless adapter allows a device to connect to a wireless network.

 Wireless Access Point (WAP)

A wireless access point connects a group of wireless devices to an
adjacent wired LAN. An access point is similar to an Ethernet hub, relaying
data between connected wireless devices in addition to a (usually) single
connected wired device.
 Wi-Fi
Standard Devices

 Wireless Ethernet Bridge

A wireless Ethernet bridge connects a wired network to a wireless
network. This is different from an access point in the sense that an access
point connects wireless devices to a wired network at the data-link layer.

 Range Extender
A wireless range extender or wireless repeater can extend the range
of an existing wireless network.
 Personal Area Network
Definition: computer network used for
communication

Bluetooth: industrial specification for

wireless personal area networks

 Bluetooth PAN: piconet

 Personal Area Network
 Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi in networking
 Bluetooth 2.0
– Three times faster transmission speed.
– Lower power consumption.
– Simplification of multi-link scenarios due to more available
bandwidth.
 Future of Bluetooth
 Automatic encryption change
 Extended inquiry response
 Sniff subrating
 Simple pairing
 Personal Area Network
 Communication and connection : A master Bluetooth
device can communicate with up to seven devices.
 Setting up connections
 Pairing : Pairs of devices may establish a trusted
relationship by learning a shared secret
 Health concern: cause irreversible damage to human
tissue.
 Origin of the name : Harald Bluetooth King of Denmark
and Norway
 WiMAX
 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
 Uses
 Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots
 Providing a wireless alternative
 Providing high-speed
 Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity
 Broadband Access
 WiMAX

 Limitation : Decreases with distance

 Mobile applications
 WiMAX

Advantages over WiFi :

 Has less interference and broader range.
 Better upload speed than Wi-Fi.
 No need for direct line of sight.
 It is the last mile solution for ISP’s
 Covers a big area while Wi-Fi is mainly suitable for
home or office network.
 The Future…
Video/Audio
Source Gateway / Ethernet; Cat5 Cable and/or Home Plug
Router
Multimedia
Internet DSL or Cable Server
Game
Console
B
UW
HD/SD Tuners, Desktop PC or MAC
DVD, DVR, Etc.
11g+11e
11a+11e 2.4 GHz
5 GHz

High Definition VoWLAN

Display Handset /
PDA
Computer Standard
Definition
Display

Printer

Computer

Source: Bermai
Qs & As