EEU104

Tutorial 1
Chapter 2, Pg 29 Exercises 20,21 as question (2 and 3)
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

1.
a. The charge flowing in a wire is plotted in Figure 1. Sketch
the corresponding current.

b. The total v v across a device and the current i through it are

v(t ) = 5 cos(2t )V , i (t ) = 10(1 − e −0.5t )A Calculate;
i). the total charge in the device at t = 1sec
ii). The power consumed by the device at t = 1sec .

2. (a) An electric motor runs at 600 r/min when driving a load

requiring a torque of 200Nm. If the motor input is 15kW,
calculate the efficiency of the motor and the heat lost by the
motor per minute, assuming its temperature to remain
constant.
(b) An electric kettle is required to heat 0.5 kg of water from
10 oC to boiling point in 5 min , the supply voltage being 230
V. If the efficiency of the kettle is 0.80, calculate the
resistance of the heating element. Assume the specific heat
capacity of water to be 4.2 kJ/kg K.

3. A pump driven by an electric motor lifts 1.5m3 of water per

minute to a height of 40 m. The pump has an efficiency of 90
per cent and the motor an efficiency of 85 per cent. Determine
: (a) the power input to the motor; (b)the current taken from a
480 V supply; (c) the electrical energy consumed when the
motor runs at this load for 8 h. Assume the mass of 1 m3 of
water to be 1000 kg.
 EEU104
Tutorial 2
Chapter 3, Pg 58-60 Exercises 3, 7 & 16
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

1. Three lamps are connected in series across a 120V supply and take a current of 1.5
A. If the resistance of two of the lamps is 30Ω each, what is the resistance of the
third lamp?

2. Three resistors of 6Ω, 9Ω, 15Ω are connected in parallel to a 9V supply. Calculate:
a). the current in each branch of the network; b). the supply current; c). the total
effective resistance of the network.

3. For the two circuits below;

a. From Figure 1, use KCL to find the branch currents I1 to I4.

b. From Figure 2, use KVL to find the branch voltages V1 to V4.

Figure 1 Figure 2

4. A load taking 200A is supplied by copper and aluminium cables connected in

parallel. The total length of conductor in each cable is 200m, and each conductor
has a cross sectional area of 40mm2. Calculate:

a. The voltage drop in the combined cables

b. The current carried by each cable
c. The power wasted in each cable

Take the resistivity of copper and aluminium as 0.018μΩm and 0.028μΩm

respectively.
 EEU104
Tutorial 3
Chapter 4
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

1. A network is arranged as shown in Fig. A. Calculated the value of

the current in the 8 Ω resistor by (a) the kirchhoff’s law.

5Ω 10Ω 12Ω

4V 6V
15Ω 8Ω

Fig. A

2. Calculate the value of the current through the 40 Ω resistor

in Fig B

20Ω

5Ω 5Ω

4V
40Ω

Fig. B
3.
Using mesh analysis, calculate the current through the 15Ω
resistor in Fig. C

5Ω 5Ω

6V
20Ω 15Ω 10Ω

Fig. C

4. Figure D shows a network of resistors. Find the

equivalent resistance between node A and B

Fig. D
 EEU104
Tutorial 4
Chapter 4, Pg 90-91 Exercises 6, 11 & 19
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

6 A network is arranged as shown in Fig. A. Calculated the value of the

current in the 8 Ω resistor by (a) the Nodal analysis, (b) Thevenin
theorem and (c) superposition theorem.

5Ω 10Ω 12Ω

4V 6V
15Ω 8Ω

Fig. A

10 Using Thevenin theorem, calculate the current through the 10

W resistor in Fig. F

5Ω 5Ω

6V
20Ω 15Ω 10Ω

Fig. F
19 For the network shown in Fig. H, calculate the potential
difference VNO. Calculate the resistance of a resistor
connected across NO that would draw a current of 1.0 A

10V 10Ω
O N
30V
20V 20Ω
20Ω

Fig. H
 EEU104
Tutorial 5
Chapter 5, Pg 130 Exercises 30,32,34 & 36
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

30 Define the time constant of a circuit that includes a resistor and

capacitor connected in series
A 100 μF capacitor is connected in series with an 800 Ω resistor.
Determine the time constant of the circuit. If the combination is
connected suddenly to a 100V d.c. supply. Find: (a) the initial rate of
rise of p.d. across the capacitor; (b) the initial charging current; (c) the
ultimate charge in capacitor; and (d) the ultimate energy stored in the
capacitor.

32 A 2 μF capacitor is joined in series with a 2 MΩ resistor to a d.c.

supply of 100V. Draw a current-time graph and explain what happens
in the period after circuit is made, if the capacitor is initially
uncharged. Calculate the current flowing and the energy stored in the
capacitor at the end of the interval of 4s from the start.

34 Derive an expression for the stored electrostatic energy of a charged

capacitor.
A 10 μF capacitor in series with a 10 kΩ resistor is connected
across a 500V d.c. supply. The fully charged capacitor is disconnected
from the supply and discharged by connecting a 1000 Ω resistor
across its terminal. Calculate: (a) the initial value of the charging
current; (b) the initial value of the discharge current; and (c) the
amount of heat, in joules, dissipated in the 1000 Ω resistor.

36 A circuit consisting of a 6 μF capacitor, an electrostatic voltmeter a

resistor in parallel , is connected across a 140 V d.c. supply. It is then
disconnected and the reading on the voltmeter falls to 70 V in 127 s.
When the test is performed without the resistor, the time taken for the
same fall in voltage is 183 s. Calculate the resistance of the resistor.
 EEU104
Tutorial 6
Chapter 6, Pg 146 Exercises 13
Chapter 8, Pg 194 Exercises 19, 21 & 22

Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

6.13 A short coil of 200 turns surrounds the middle of a bar magnet. If the
magnet sets up a flux of 80 μWb, calculate the average value of the e.m.f
induced in the coil when the later is removed completely from the influence
of the magnet in 0.05 s.

8.19 A coil wound with 500 turns has a resistance of 2Ω. It is found that a
current of 3A produces a flux of 500 μWb. Calculate: (a) the inductance and
time constant of the coil; (b) the average emf induced in the coil when the
flux is reversed in 0.3 sec. If the coil is switched across a 10V d.c. supply,
derive graphically a curve showing the growth of the current, assuming the
inductance to remain constant.

8.21 The field winding of a d.c. machine has an inductance of 10H and takes
a final current of 2A when connected to a 200V d.c. supply. Calculate: (a)
the initial rate of growth of current; (b) the time constant; and (c) the current
when the rate of growth is 5 A/s.

8.22 A 200V d.c. supply is suddenly switched across a relay coil which has a
time constant of 3 ms. If the current in the coil reaches 0.2 A after 3 ms,
determine the final steady value of the current and the resistance and
inductance of the coil. Calculate the energy stored in the magnetic filed
when the current has reached its final steady value.

1
 EEU104
Tutorial 7
Chapter 9, Pg 220-221 Exercises 15,21,23 & 25
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

15 Explain what is meant by the r.m.s value of the alternating current

In a certain circuit supplied from 50Hz mains, the potential
difference has a maximum value of 10A. At the instant t=0, the
instantaneous values of the p.d. and the current are 400V and 4A
respectively, both increasing positively. Assuming sinusoidal
variation , state trigonometrical expression for the instantaneous
values of the p.d. and the current at time t. Calculate the instantaneous
values at the instant t=0.015 s and find the angle of phase difference
between the p.d. and the current. Sketch the phasor diagram.

21 The voltage drops across two components, when connected in series

across an a.c. supply, are: v1= 180 sin 314t volts and v2 = 120 sin (314t
+π/3) volts respectively. Determine with the aid of a phasor diagram:
(a) the voltage of the supply in trigonometric form; (b) the r.m.s.
voltage of the supply; (c) the frequency of the supply.

23 Find graphically or otherwise the resultant of the following four

voltages:
e1=25 sin ωt;
e2=30 sin (ωt+π/6);
e3= 30 cos ωt;
e4= 20 sin (ωt-π/4).
Express the answer in a similar form.

24 The currents in three circuits connected in parallel to a voltage source

are: (a) 4A in phase with the applied voltage; (b) 6A lagging the
applied voltage by 30o ; (c) 2A leading the applied voltage by 45o .
Represent these currents to scale on a phasor diagram, showing their
correct relative phase displacement with each other. Determine,
graphically or otherwise, the total current taken from the source, and
its phase angle with respect to the supply voltage.
 EEU104
Tutorial 8
Chapter 10, Pg 241-242 Exercises 5,14,15 & 17
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

5 A coil of inductance 0.1 H and negligible resistance is connected in

series with a 25 Ω resistor . The circuit is energized from 230 V, 50
Hz source. Calculate (a) the current in the circuit; (b) the p.d. across
the coil ; (c) the p.d. across the resistor; the phase angle of the circuit.
Draw to scale a phasor diagram representing the current and the
component voltages.

14 A single-phase network consists of three parallel branches, the

currents in the respective branches being represented by : i1 = 20 sin
314t amperes ; i2 =30 sin (314t – π/4) amperes ; and i3 = 18 sin (314t
+ π/2) amperes. (a) Using a scale of 1 cm = 5A, draw a phasor
diagram and find the total maximum value of the current taken from
the supply and the overall phase angle; (b) Express the total current in
a form similar to that of the branch currents; (c) If the supply voltage
is represented by 200 sin 314t volts, find the impedance, resistance
and reactance of the network.

15 A non-inductive resistor is connected in series with a coil across a 230

V, 50Hz supply. The current is 1.8A and the potential difference
across the resistor and the coil are 80 V and 170V respectively.
Calculate the inductance and the resistance of the coil, and the phase
difference between the current and the supply voltage. Also draw the
phasor diagram representing the current and the voltages.

17 A coil having a resistance of 15 Ω and an inductance of 0.2 H is

connected in series with another coil having a resistance of 25 Ω and
an inductance of 0.04 H to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Draw to scale the
complete phasor diagram for the circuit and determine: (a) the voltage
across each coil; (b) the active power dissipated in each coil ; (c) the
power factor of the circuit as a whole.
 EEU104
Tutorial 9
Chapter 11, Pg 258 Exercises 2,3,8 & 11
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

2 A 130 Ω resistor and a 30 μF capacitor are connected in parallel

across a 200 V, 50Hz supply. Calculate : (a) the current in each
branch; (b) the resultant current; (c) the phase difference between the
resultant current and the applied voltage; (d) the active power; and (e)
the power factor. Sketch the phasor diagram.

3 A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series across a 150V a.c.

supply. When the frequency is 40Hz the current is 5 A, and when the
frequency is 50 Hz the current is 6 A. Find the resistance and
capacitance of the resistor and capacitor respectively. If they are now
connected in parallel across the 150 V supply, find the total current
and its power factor when the frequency is 50 Hz.

8 A coil, having a resistance of 20 Ω and an inductance of 0.0382 H, is

connected in parallel with a circuit consisting of a 150 μF capacitor in
series with a 10 Ω resistor. The arrangement is connected to a 230 V,
50 Hz supply. Determine the current in each branch and, sketching a
phasor diagram, the total supply current.

11 Two circuits, A and B, are connected in parallel to a 115 V, 50 Hz

supply. The total current taken by the combination is 10 A at unity
power factor. Circuit A consists of a 10 W resistor and a 200 mF
capacitor connected in series; circuit B consists of a resistor and
inductive reactor in series. Determine the following data for circuit B:
(a) the current; (b) the impedance; (c) the resistance; (d) the reactance.
 EEU104
Tutorial 10
Chapter 12, Pg 272 Exercises 4,5 & 7
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

4 A single phase motor takes 50A at a power factor of 0.6 lagging from
a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. What value of the capacitance must a shunting
capacitor have to raise the overall power factor to 0.9 lagging? How
does the installation of the capacitor affect the line and motor current?

5 A 230 V, single phase supply feeds the following loads: (a)

incandescent lamps taking a current of 8 A at unity power factor; (b)
fluorescent lamps taking a current of 5 A at 0.8 leading power factor;
(c)a motor taking a current of 7 A at 0.75 lagging power factor.
Sketch the phasor diagram and determine the total current, active
power and reactive power taken from the supply and overall power
factor.

7 A cable is required to supply a welding set taking a current of 225 A

at 110 V alternating current, the average power factor being 0.5
lagging. Av available cable has a rating of 175 A and it is decided to
use this cable by installing a capacitor across the terminals of the
welding set. Find : (a) the required capacitor current and reactive
power to limit the cable current to 175 A; (b) the overall power factor
with the capacitor in circuit.
 EEU104
Tutorial 11
Chapter 13, Pg 288-289 Exercises 10,12,14 ,16 & 26
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

10 Derive expressions, in rectangular and polar notations, for the

admittances of the following impedances: (a) 10 + j15 Ω; (b) 20 – j10
Ω ; (c) 50 / 20o Ω ; (d) 10 / -70o Ω.

12 Calculate the resistance and inductance or capacitance in parallel for

each of the following admittances, assuming the frequency to be 50
Hz: (a) 0.25 + j0.06 S; (b) 0.05 – j0.1 S; (c) 0.8 / 30o S; (d) 0.5 / -50o
S.

14 A voltage , v= 150 sin (314t + 30o) volts, is maintained across a

circuit consisting of a 20 W non-reactive resistor in series with a loss-
free 100 mF capacitor. Derive an expression for the r.m.s. value of the
current phasor on: (a) rectangular notation; (b) polar notation. Draw
the phasor diagram.

16 The impedance of two parallel branches can be represented by

(24+j18) Ω and (12-j22) Ω respectively. If the supply frequency is 50
Hz, find the resistance and inductance of each circuit. Also, derive a
symbolic expression in a polar form for the admittance of the
combined circuits, and thence find the phase angle between the
applied voltage and the resultant current.

26 A p.d of 200 / 30o V is applied to two branches connected in parallel.

The currents in the respective branches are 20 / 60o A and 40 / 30o A.
Find the apparent power (in kVA) and the active power (in kW) in
each branch and in the main network. Express the current in main
network in the form A + jB.
 EEU104
Tutorial 12
Chapter 15, Pg 337-338 Exercises 6,7,11 & 14
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

6 Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the network shown in

Fig. F.

4Ω 6Ω
AC
8Ω
25/ 0o V

Fig. F

7 Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the network shown in

Fig. G

6Ω

4Ω 8Ω
(1+j1)A

Fig. G

11 For the network shown in Fig . I, determine the Norton equivalent

circuit.

100 Ω
AC
50Ω 20 Ω
(10+j20)V

Fig. I
14 For the network shown in Fig. J, determine the current in RL. Use
Norton’s theorem and nodal analysis.

5Ω 10Ω
AC
20 Ω RL=10Ω
(25+j10)V

Fig. J
 EEU104
Tutorial 13
Chapter 34, Pg 667-668 Exercises 3, 9, 10, 12, 13 & 14
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

3 Derive, for both star- and delta-connected systems, an expression for

the total power input for a balanced three-phase load in terms of line
voltage, line current and power factor.
The star-connected secondary of the transformer supplies a delta-
connected motor taking a power of 90kW at a lagging power factor of
0.9. If the voltage between lines is 600V, calculate the current in the
transformer winding and in the motor winding. Draw circuit and
phasor diagrams, properly labeled, showing all voltages and currents
in the transformer secondary and the motor.

9 Derive the numerical relationship between the line and phase currents
for a balanced three-phase delta-connected load.
Three coils are connected in delta to a three-phase, three wire, 400V,
50 Hz supply and take a line current of 0.5A 0.8 power factor lagging.
Calculate the resistance and inductance of the coils. If the coils are
star-connected to the same power, calculate the line current and the
total power. Calculate the line currents if one coil becomes open-
circuited when the coils are connected in star.

10 The load connected to a three-phase supply comprises three similar

coils connected in star. The line currents are 25A and the apparent and
active power inputs are 20kVA and 11 kW respectively. Find the line
and phase voltages, reactive power input and the resistance and
reactance of each coil. If the coils are now connected in delta to the
same three-phase supply, calculate the line currents and the active
power taken.

12 Explain the advantage of connecting the low-voltage winding of the

distribution transformers in star.
A factory has the following load with power factor of 0.9 lagging in
each phase. Red phase 40A, yellow phase 50A and blue phase 60A. If
the supply is 400 V, three-phase, four-wire, calculate the current in the
neutral and the total active power. Draw a phasor diagram for phase
 and line quantities. Assume that, relative to the current in the red
phase, the current in the yellow phase lags by 120o and that in the blue
phase leads by 120o.

13 A three-phase, 400 V system has the following load connected in

delta: between the red and yellow lines, a non-reactive resistor of 100
W; between the yellow and the blue lines, a coil having a reactance of
60 W and negligible resistance; between the blue and the red lines, a
loss-free capacitor having a reactance of 130 W. Calculate; (a) the
phase currents; (b) the line currents. Assume the phase sequence to be
R-Y, Y-B and B-R. Also, draw the complete phasor diagram.

14 The phase currents in a delta-connected three-phase load are as

follows: between the red and yellow lines, 30A at p.f. 0.707 leading;
between the yellow and blue lines, 20A at unity p.f.; between the blue
and red lines, 25A at p.f. 0.866 lagging. Calculate the line currents
and draw the complete phasor diagram.
 EEU104
Tutorial 14
Chapter 35, Pg 702-703 Exercises 19,20, 21, 26 & 29
Hughes Electrical & Electronic Technology 9th Ed Prentice Hall

19 The ratio of turns of a single-phase transformer is 8, the resistances of the

primary and secondary windings are 0.85Ω and 0.012Ω respectively, and
the leakage reactances of these windings are 4.8 Ω and 0.07Ω respectively.
Determine the voltage to be applied to the primary to obtain a current of
150 A in the secondary when the secondary terminals are short-circuited.
Ignore the magnetizing current.

20 A single-phase transformer operates from a 230 V supply. It has an

equivalent resistance of 0.1 Ω and an equivalent leakage reactance of 0.5 W
referred to the primary. The secondary is connected to a coil having a
resistance of 200 W and a reactance of 100 W. Calculate the secondary
terminal voltage. The secondary winding has four times as many turns as
primary.

21 A 10 kVA single-phase transformer, for 2000 V/400 V at no load, has a

resistances and leakage reactances as follows: Primary winding : resistance,
5.5 Ω; reactance , 12 Ω. Secondary winding: resistance , 0.2 Ω; reactance ,
0.45 Ω. Determine the approximate value of the secondary voltage at full
load, 0.8 power factor (lagging), when the primary supply voltage is 2000
V.

26 A 230 V/400 V single-phase transformer absorbs 35 W when its primary

winding is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply, the secondary being on
open circuit. When the primary is short circuited and a 10 V, 50 Hz supply
is connected to the secondary winding, the power absorbed is 48 W when
the current has the full-load value of 15 A. Estimate the efficiency of the
transformer at half-load, 0.8 power factor lagging.

29 A single-phase transformer is rated at 10 kVA, 230 V/100 V. When the

secondary terminals are open-circuited and the primary winding is supplied
at normal voltage (230 V), the current input is 2.6 A at a power factor of
0.3. When the secondary terminals are short-circuited, a voltage of 18 V
applied to the primary causes the full-load current (100 A) to flow in the
secondary, the power input to the primary being 240 V. Calculate : (a)the
efficiency of the transformer at full load, unity power factor; (b) the load at
which maximum efficiency occurs; (c) the value of the maximum
efficiency.