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Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) and the Printing Press
Up to the fifteenth century all books inEurope were hand-written (manuscripts)or were printed from hand-carvedwooden blocks. The invention of moveable metal type (letters) and theprinting-press created a revolution.Gutenberg was born in Mainz inGermany. He was a skilled goldsmith bytrade.Gutenberg’s first book was thebible in Latin. This bible had forty-twolines on each page and was printed ingothic type. The bible was printed onpaper, which was much cheaper thanthe vellum or parchment used in themanuscripts. Aldus Manutius in Veniceand William Caxton in London wereimportant printers in their countries. The invention of the printingpress had important results. There was aplentiful supply of all kinds of books:Latin and Greek books, and alsocomedies, songbooks, and books on thelives of the saints. The price of books fellquickly. The new renaissance learningwas spread around Europe. Literacy(reading and writing) and educationbecame more widespread. The spread of 
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