Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design Philosophy 2
- Product/Model Description 4
- Components 8
- Seals 10
- Product/Model Description 12
- Components 14
- Seals 15
Test Facilities 18
Quality Program 20
Global Services 22
Training 23
Some Installations 24
GE Oil & Gas total system capability guarantees the best thermodynamic and mechani-
cal match between the steam turbine and the driven machines.
It also offers the advantage of single source responsibility. All the machines are manu-
factured, assembled and tested by a single company and serviced by the same compa-
ny. The advantages of this single supplier responsibility are easy installation, long periods
of continuous service, low maintenance cost and high reliability and availability.
The modular design combines the advantage of optimum efficiency with the highest
availability and reliability. 1
Design Philosophy
GE Oil & Gas product lines are based on modu- Front section Intermediate Rear section
lar product structures that assure a reliable section
design and outstanding turbine performance
through standardization. This structure enables
optimization of a turbine configuration for a cus-
tomer’s specific operating conditions. By select-
ing and integrating pre-engineered and field-
proven components from an array of alternate
offerings and designing a custom steam path,
the unique requirements of the application are
satisfied. Component modules making up the
“building-blocks” of the product line include front Modular steam turbine structure
bearing standards, inlet sections, valve gear and
extraction and exhaust sections. The barrel sec-
tion of the turbine is custom designed for each
unit, based on the user’s specific operating con-
ditions. By using this “flexible” modular struc-
ture, performance and reliability are maximized,
while product cost and the delivery cycle are kept
to minimum. Research & Development efforts
associated with this product line focus on the
development of advanced components modules,
for improved performance, maintainability and
life.
Manufactured by Thermodyn
P backpressure, single valve,
live steam up to
80bar/480°C
MP backpressure, multi-valve,
live steam up to
150bar/540°C
C condensing, single valve,
live steam up to
80bar/480°C
MC condensing, multi-valve, live
steam up to 150bar/540°C
Main Application map of GE Oil & Gas Nuovo Pignone Steam Turbines.
LNG - Medium -
Ethylene/Methanol High - High
Urea/Ammonia High - High
Refinery Medium Medium Low
Synfuels High - High
Process air High - -
Co-generation High Low High
Combined cycle High - Low
Small P. G. High - Low
Geothermal P. G. High - -
4
Steam
Turbines
5
Back pressure steam turbine partially assembled
Impulse+Reaction Steam Turbines by Nuovo Pignone
Product/Model Description
Impulse+reaction condensing type, Nuovo Pignone“NK” and “HNK”
series
Typical cross-section drawing of an extraction condensing turbine equipped Typical cross-section drawing of an extraction condensing turb
with a control stage in both high and low pressure sections pressure sections throttle controlled
6
Steam
Turbines
7
Impulse+Reaction Steam Turbines by Nuovo Pignone
Components
(Casing, Rotor, Blades, Stop and Control Valves)
CASING:
The turbine casing is horizontally split. In back pressure tur-
bines each half-casing is made of cast steel in one single piece.
For condensing turbines, the outer casing is made of a cast
steel high pressure section, bolted with a vertical flange to a
cast iron or fabricated steel low pressure section.
ROTOR:
The shaft consists of a solid forging made of low-alloy steel for
low pressure applications or high-alloy steel (13% chromium
steel) for high pressure and temperature.
The bladed rotor is balanced and overspeed tested before
assembly in the turbine.
MOVING BLADES:
Cylindrical moving blades of reaction stages have “T” roots, and
integral shrouds. Impulse and reaction airfoils have been stan-
dardized.
Materials have been standardized for the moving blades: 13%
chromium steel with molybdenum and vanadium for tempera-
tures over 350°C; 13% chromium steel for lower temperatures.
The last group of two or three stages in condensing turbines
has been completely standardized in families, for low, medium
and high speed applications.
Casing of turbine model ENK applied as propylene gas compressor driver Journal and thrust bearing
8
View of a condensing turbine rotor blading
Steam Turbines
FIXED BLADES:
The impulse stage nozzles are inserted (with-
Emergency stop valve schematic drawing
out any welds) into a slot machined in the
inner casing and are easily removable even
after years of operation. The nozzle material
is the same as that for the impulse stage
moving blades. The fixed blades of the reac-
tion stage are cantilevered in the blade carri-
ers and are held together by riveted shrouds
or inserted in the blade carriers as complete
diaphragms; they are made of 13% chromi-
um steel.
9
Impulse+Reaction Steam Turbines by Nuovo Pignone
Seals
The end seals are of the labyrinth type.
The operating philosophy of the end seals of a condensing turbine
is shown in the schematic diagram.
2 2
1 1
To main condenser
End seals schematic diagram
10
Impulse+Reaction Steam Turbines by Nuovo Pignone
Lube Oil and Control System
The lube and control systems generally have a common reser-
voir, pumps, filters and coolers.
Lube and control oil for mechanical drive applications is supplied
from the turbounit oil console.
In generator drive applications in combined cycle plants with a
gas turbine in a single shaft arrangement the lube and control
oil may come from the gas turbine console.
In any other generator drive applications an oil console is pro-
vided.
The most common configurations are:
- oil reservoir is separate from the turbine baseplate
- oil reservoir is in the turbine baseplate and the auxiliaries are on the
turbine baseplate or on a separate skid.
The electronic governor may have a different redundancy con-
figuration and may be custom engineered.
The turbounit start up sequence may be manual or completely
automatic. The turbounit trip device is a redundant electronic
type unit.
The control oil system for straight backpressure or condensing
turbines is basically in accordance with the simplified schematic
diagram below.
The control oil diagram is basically the same for extraction turbines
but with an addition of a second electro-hydraulic converter and a
second valve actuator.
Steam line
8 to 10 BAR oil
EMERGENCY 1,5 to 4,5 BAR
modulated oil pressure
STOP
VALVE
Solenoid
valve
Modulated
oil pressure
(1,5 to 4,5 BAR
ELECTRO HYDRAULIC
CONVERTER
PICK-UP SPEED
Set signal GEAR
OVERSPEED TACHOMETER
Speed LOGIC
sensors
ELECTRONIC GOVERNOR
11
Impulse Steam Turbines by Thermodyn
Product/Model Description
Thermodyn steam turbines are impulse turbines of simple
design, which, together with retractable seal technology, insures
that performance is maintained over a long period of time
• POWER RANGE: up to 5 MW
• SPEED RANGE: up to 16,000 rpm
• INLET PRESSURE: up to 80 bar
• INLET TEMPERATURE: up to 480°C
• API 612
Sucrerie Ile Maurice - Savannah sugar estates
Impulse-type Multivalve Backpressure, Thermodyn “MP”
series
The “MP” series steam turbines have multi-valve inlet and a
back pressure exhaust and are designed to drive variable
speed machinery – compressors, fans, blowers, pumps, as well
as generators. Applications are in petrochemical and refinery
plants, power plants or combined heat and power plants with
fossil fuel, crushed cane in the sugar industry, municipal waste
for incineration or waste energy in heat recovery plants.
• POWER RANGE: up to 40 MW
• SPEED RANGE: up to 16,000 rpm
• INLET PRESSURE: up to 150 bar
• INLET TEMPERATURE: up to 540°C
• STEAM EXTRACTION or INJECTION
• API 612
12
Air liquide Otor France - Cogeneration on 1x560
Steam Turbines
CONDENSING TYPE
Impulse-type Condensing, Thermodyn “C”
series
The “C” series steam turbines have a single
inlet valve and a condensing exhaust and are
designed to drive low-power machinery with
easy servicing.
They are commonly used as compressor dri-
vers in petrochemical and refinery applica-
tions, and for power generation in these
industries or heat recovery process such as
municipal or industrial waste incineration.
• POWER RANGE: up to 6 MW
• SPEED RANGE: up to 16,000 rpm
• INLET PRESSURE: up to 80 bar
• INLET TEMPERATURE: up to 480°C
• STEAM EXTRACTION or INJECTION
• API 612
Cogeneration in gas treatment plant France -
Eap Lacq. Power Generator
Impulse-type Multivalve Condensing,
Thermodyn “MC” series
The “MC” series steam turbines have multi-
valve inlet and a condensing exhaust and are
designed to drive variable speed machinery –
compressors, fans, blowers, pumps, as well
as generators.
Applications are in petrochemical and refinery
plants, power plants or combined heat and
power plants with fossil fuel, crushed cane in
the sugar industry, municipal waste for incin-
eration or waste energy in heat recovery
plants.
Iran Total south pars The “MC” turbines can be equipped with a
controlled extraction, that is, with a supple-
mentary regulating action, making it possible
to jointly optimize the production of heat and
mechanical power in accordance with the
needs of the process.
• POWER RANGE: up to 40 MW
• SPEED RANGE: up to 16,000 rpm
• INLET PRESSURE: up to 150 bar
• INLET TEMPERATURE: up to 540°C
• STEAM EXTRACTION or INJECTION
• API 612
13
Impulse Steam Turbines by Thermodyn
Components
(Casing, Rotor, Blades, Stop and Control Valves)
CASINGS
Cast steel casings are made by using patterns built up from stan-
dard modules.
Exhaust casings for the “P” and “MP” turbine series can be cast or
welded according to the exhaust back-pressure.
Exhaust casings for the “M” and “MC” turbine series are welded.
For the “MC” turbine series, the modular design permits adaptation
to site conditions: axial, upward or downward discharge, sized
according to water cooling source with a hydro condenser, air cool-
ing source with air-condenser or with a hydro-condenser associated
with a cooling tower.
ROTORS:
Rotors are solid forgings made from chrome-molybdenum steel.
The bladed rotor is balanced dynamically, if necessary at rated
speed in a vacuum balancing stand.
BLADES:
Blades are made of stainless steel. They undergo special treat-
ments to improve fatigue strength and erosion resistance. Rotating
blades have “T” or “Fir tree” roots and are grouped in packets with
riveted bands or, only for “MC” turbine series, welded links.
14
JOURNAL AND THRUST BEARINGS:
Steam Turbines
Journal and thrust bearings are of the tilting pad
Model T6-7 MC9E with gride valve type which are particularly suitable for multi-valve
for extraction control.
Rating 25 MW, turbines. They provide stability over a wide range of
extraction pressure 2.5 bar. running speeds and ensure safety at the highest
rotational speeds.
15
Impulse Steam Turbines by Thermodyn
Seals
Spring-back labyrinth seal technology cuts down internal leakage in
the turbine and prevents premature deterioration of the steam
sealing system.
16
Impulse SteamTurbine by Thermodyn
Lube Oil and
Control System
Thermodyn’s oil units are designed to supply lube oil and high
pressure control oil. They are free standing consoles but can
be integrated into the base supporting the shaft line for com-
pressor units. These units comply with Thermodyn’s stan-
dards or with API 614 code rules.
Electronic speed governors are employed. The advantage of
digital electronic governors is that they are versatile enough
to adapt smoothly to any required configuration. The para-
meters are simply set in the computer at start-up or during
turbine operation.
Thermodyn has developed a standard high pressure oil sys-
tem using servo-valves to actuate the stop-valve, the inlet
control valve and the extraction valve.
Performance (stability, dead band, response time) meets
NEMA SM22, API 612 or CEI 45 recommendations.
egles
17
Test Facilities
The Florence Test Facilities are equipped with 4 test benches FLORENCE PLANT
and a complete steam plant, with max. 70 t/h live steam at Indoor test stands fo
50 bar /450°C. and steam turbines
The Le Creusot Test Department is equipped with 5 test benches
supplied by a steam plant capable of generating 28 t/h of vapor 12 10 8 6
at 45bar 450°C.
Le Creusot is also equipped with a large-size anechoic chamber
with suspended low-frequency foundation block for vibration and
12 OVEST
noise measurements.
Mechanical string tests can be conducted on the complete trains
both in Florence and in Le Creusot.
Full load, full pressure tests may be carried out, within the steam 7 NORD 7 SUD 7
18 Anechoic Chamber
Steam Turbines
T
or centrifugal compressors
CONTROL
ROOM
B 4 2 0 14
LUBE OIL
CONSOLE
A
VACUM
SYSTEM
LUBE OIL
CONSOLE
B
3 5 1
CONTROL
ROOM
A
FLORENCE PLANT
Stand Utilities
TO INDOOR STANDS FOR GAS TURBINE TESTS 1 - 4
TO INDOOR Evaporating
TO OUTDOOR Towers
AND OUTDOOR
2HM STANDS 1 - 4
STANDS
2BVTN TO OUTDOOR
2BVTN STANDS 5 - 8
Air cooler
OUTDOOR
STANDS
MEASURING
STATION
a
NATURAL GAS
b Condenser
e
d
COMPRESSED
COGENERATION
AIR
c
PLANT Back FROM INDOOR FROM
SYSTEM Pressure
AND OUTDOOR DOMESTIC
STANDS NETWORK
INDOOR
LIQUID ELECTRIC TEST
GAS SYSTEM S TA N D S a,b,c,d Steam System
e Cooling Water
19
Quality Program
All production processes, whether in Florence or in Le Creusot,
are carried out under the GE Oil & Gas Quality System that inte-
grates the GE Six Sigma Quality Program with ISO 9001 Quality
Standards to guarantee satisfaction of customer expectations.
The Program insures the long-term stability and sustain-
ability of process improvements guaranteeing the quality of
products.
20
Research & Development
GE Oil & Gas believes that product excellence is a moving tar-
get that can only be achieved through constant improvement
and innovation. This philosophy has driven our commitment to
Research & Development as a means of remaining a leader in
providing the most advanced products for the Oil & Gas
Industry.
22
Training
GE Oil & Gas offers Training for the Operation and Maintenance
of our complete line of machinery and equipment.
This Training can be provided either at the client’s site or at the
Florence Learning Center located at GE Oil & Gas headquarters
in Florence Italy. GE Oil & Gas Nuovo Pignone and Thermodyn
have over 20 years of experience in training clients.
- Unique opportunity
GE Oil & Gas instructors are field-seasoned experts who
combine their under standing of theory with practical expe-
rience.
The quality training that they provide is a prerequisite for
improving the skills of operating and maintenance personnel
to assure safety and superior equipment efficiency and avail-
ability.
23
Some Installations Nuovo Pignone
Generator driver in combined cycle
in a paper plant, Lucca (Italy)