SYTEMIC

HYPERTENSION
Dr. Norizal Mohd Noor
KNOWLEDGE
1. Define systemic hypertension
2. Classify hypertension into primary and secondary
3. Explain the causes of secondary HPT
4. Describe the effects and complications of arterial
systemic HPT
DEFINE

 A disorder characterized by sustained elevation of

systemic arterial blood pressure:
 diastolic level of > 90 mm Hg
 systolic level of > 140 mmHg.
WHY?
 Hypertension = risk factor
 cardiovascular disease
 heart failure
 renal failure
 stroke.
Classify
Cause classification
Course classification
CAUSES of secondary hypertension
Causes of Hypertension
HOMEWORK #1
 List all the causes of secondary hypertension and
explain why each them causes elevated blood
pressure.
Causes Explanation
Coarcation of Aorta Reduced flow to abdominal
aorta Reduced flow to
kidney  Detected by
juxtaglomerular apparatus 
Renin Angiotensin system
activated  Elevated BP
Cushing’s Syndrome Increased Mineralocorticoid
 Increased TPR  Elevated
BP
Thyrotoxicosis
CAUSES Essential Hypertension
EFFECTS to the artery
COMPLICATION
Homework #2
 List all complications of hypertension and each of
the reason why it occurs.

Complication Reason
Myocardial infarction Primary HPT ⃡ Artherosclerosis
 Spasm/Complete block 
No supply of 02 
Ischaemia/Infarct
Stroke Primary HPT ⃡ Artherosclerosis
 Spasm/Complete block 
No supply of 02 
Ischaemia/Infarct