6th Term - Real Estate Development

The Possession Process & Alteration Policy
MCM616: Real Estate Development
 Handing over of the built space is an important step towards Contract Closure
and forms part of the „Project Close-out‟ operations.
 It should be viewed as a phased professional activity and not just one of
handing over the possession of the premises to the owner.
1. Contract closure is performed at the end of every contract.
a) Whether or not project objectives are met successfully, or
b) Contract is terminated for whatever reasons.
2) In Project Management the contract is deemed complete when all its items are met, even
if the buyer and seller are not completely satisfied with the work. However, this methodology
results in dissatisfied customers and thus this view has to be changed by adopting a
professional approach in the manner of close-out.
Design for Handing Over

1) Assign role, responsibility and authority for handing over.
2) Document all deliverables as per acceptance criteria of the customer.
3) Create process for creating satisfaction by clearing deficiencies observed by the

customer in a time-bound manner.
Handing Over of Documents

-\
1. Agreement for sale

2. Development agreement
3. Receipts of payments, including initial booking receipt and receipt for clubhouse
membership etc.
4. Sale Deed
5. Development/ construction agreement.
- Handing over possession document.
Other documents handing over:-

1. All guarantees/warranty cards of OEMs.
2. Rules & regulations booklet or other handbooks for owners.
3. Handbook about the integrated facilities management system available.
4. Documents pertaining to Utilities (electric etc. ) connection.
S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 1
5. Relevant drawings – architectural, structural, services (both internal & external) in
respect of water supply,sewerage and drainage
Asset Class & Type

- The handing over process will differ in its details for different classes of assets i.e.
residential, commercial etc.
- The handing over process will also differ in details for the type of built space being
handed over within a particular asset class for e.g. within residential asset class, it will
vary for apartments and villas.
Inspection
 While handing over the physical possession of the premises a joint inspection
document should be created which should also have a check list of the essential
features of the property.
 This is important to avoid later claims by the customer especially so when the
customer further allows his own workmen to carry out the interiors work subsequently.
This exercise is also to list out items not yet provided by the developer.
Check List of Essentials
1.
2. ional check of plinth/carpet area ( if requested by the buyer).
3.
4.
any.
Inventory of all fittings & fixtures (numbers and condition)
1. Water supply and sanitary fittings

2. Electric fixtures & fittings – including light fittings, fans, switches, MCB panel, geysers
etc.
3. Mirrors and glass
4. Kitchen items
5. Sewerage – manhole covers and inspection chamber covers etc.
6. Overhead Tanks
Utilities
 Manufacturer make and serial number etc. condition of seals, meter reading at the
time of handing over in respect of:
 Electric Meter
 Water Meter
 Gas Meter

 Telephone (instrument and sockets)
Finishes
and polish stains, discolouration, damp patches, undulation and cracks -major and minor,
scratches, breaking, chipping or wear out of tiles, insufficient or no polish of marble or wood,
this is in respect of: -
Walls 1. 2.
QMS
 Ordinarily the QMS audit prior to handing over should be able to capture information
about all the defects and deficiencies in finishes, condition and operability of the
different features of the building.
 Some other problem areas worth taking care of are: working of toilets and kitchen
including blockage of drains with sand, debris and other construction waste. As a
practice plumbers seal the nahney traps with bags to prevent the drains from getting
blocked but do not remove all of them later on.
Placing of Locks
-in (mortice) locks are provided then all the keys (usually three) should be handed
over and details of make, no. of keys and serial number should be recorded.
ALTERATION POLICY
 Developers permit limited modifications to the built space as per customer
requirement in respect of the internal layout which does not require any structural
changes.
 They also permit change in sanitary fittings, wall and floor tiles and kitchen platforms
and furniture. All this is at a cost to the buyer.
 However, no alteration is permitted in respect of the building elevation and façade,
including balconies as well as in the surrounding external environment.
Reasons for denial
1.
2.
3. osts.
4.

5.
visible.
Current Practice
lders have
now started refusing permission for alteration to the customers at the time of booking itself.
internal construction and by quoting higher costs for alteration than actual.
Change in Company Stance
Policy” and are clearly stating what can or cannot be permitted.
placement is permitted no
refunds ( or set-off) is given.
Further Reading
-out “Maytas Hill County Deviation Policy” as an example.
Security Issues
Security
-Off between threat perception and costs to mitigate the risks.
spaces.
Security Objectives
 otects the lives and property of the:-
1. owners & users of the property
2. visitors
3. From all threats, manmade or natural.
 Protection includes identification, thwarting, neutralising and mitigating of a threat.
Five Step Evaluation Process

Step 1: What assets are you trying to protect?
Step 2: What are the risks to those assets?
Step 3: How well does the security solution mitigate those risks?
Step 4: What other risks does the security solution cause?
Step 5: What costs and trade-offs does the security solution impose? 4
Nature of People
 People have a tendency to be fearful and uncertain
 People fall in the trap of false perception of security
 People do things counter to their own security
 People say one thing and do another thing
Impact of security decisions
1.
2.
3.
Types of security
1. Active Security
2. Passive Security
Active Security Passive Security
 Guards  Access Control
 Perimeter fencing  Fire hydrant/sprinkler
 Gates  Perimeter alarm
 CCTV  Smoke/gas/heat/fire detector
 Security lighting  Safety features in the electrical

circuit
 Bio metric
Physical Security
esources include people, the facility in which they work, and the data, equipment,
support systems, media, and supplies they utilize.

or what the customer wants, its design and configuration, and the methods for securing the
facility against unauthorized access, theft of equipment and information, and the
environmental and safety measures needed to protect people, the facility, and its resources.
Threats to physical security
 Security Layers
  Deterrence
  Delaying
  Detection
  Assessment
 Response
Category of Threats
e)
Physical Security Planning
 A physical security program must address:
 Crime and disruption protection through deterrence (fences, security guards, warning
signs, etc.).
 Reduction of damage through the use of delaying mechanisms (e.g., locks, security
personnel, etc.).
 Crime or disruption detection (e.g., smoke detectors, motion detectors, CCTV, etc.).
 Incident assessment through response to incidents and determination of damage

levels.
 Response procedures (fire suppression mechanisms, emergency response

processes, etc.).

CPTED
- Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design is a discipline that outlines how proper design of a physical
environment can reduce crime.
Control Measures for
liveries
-in and unlawful entry
Society Formation:
The Real Estate Business Process
1. Location short listing

2. Site / Land identification
3. Price negotiation with vendor
4. Legal due diligence
5. Execution of development agreement/POA/Sale Deed.
6. Selection of Architects
7. Approval of Drawings
8. Statutory clearances
9. Selection and appointment of Sub-Contractors
10. Project planning & monitoring
11. Project marketing
12. Handing over and formation of housing society
13. After Sales Service
Formation of Cooperative Housing

Society
 Earlier this trend was prevalent mainly in Mumbai.

 Nowadays many State Governments have made it mandatory for the developers to hand
over the residential built space constructed to the owners through the formation of a society.
 The society is managed by elected representatives from amongst the owners.
 In turn it is the society which manages the affairs of the buildings.
Activities of the Coop Hsg. Soc.
1) Dealing with various Governmental bodies.
2) Regulating the conduct of the members according to the bye laws of the society.
3) Maintenance and upkeep of the facility.
4) Conducting the affairs of the society as per the relevant Cooperative Societies Act of the
State.
Dealing with various Governmental bodies
For civic amenities like water, drainage and sanitation,electricity including street lighting,
garbage disposal, general upkeep of the surrounding area, unauthorised parking, police
patrolling and other law & order problems, postal department, fire department, telephone
department, levy and collection of property taxes etc.
Regulating the conduct of the members
This is done in accordance with the bye laws of the society and concerns:
1) Issue of NOC for permitting transfer of property.
2) Permission for letting out of property.
3) Curbing commercial activity in residences within the premises.
4) Managing the common facilities.
5) Conducting common religious and national day functions.
6) Providing solutions to typical common problems like car parking, children and teenager play
areas and activities, neighbor problems, pet management, clothes drying, domestic help etc.
Maintenance and upkeep of the facility

 Appointing third party service providers for management of all functions like housekeeping,
elevators, landscaping, DG set back up, plumbing and electric services for the residents,
security.
 Managing and maintaining the Club House and similar other services as a separate business
entity.
 Contracting for various services and permitting vendors within the premises.
 Periodic maintenance of the buildings and facilities created.
Conducting the affairs of the society
1) Conducting General Body and other meetings as per the societies act.
2) Conducting elections for the various posts of office bearers of the society.
3) Appointing employees for the smooth conduct of the affairs of the society.
4) Collecting fees from the members.
5) Appointing auditors.
6) Filing of statutory returns including income tax returns
Types of Co-operative Housing Societies
- operative Housing Societies connected with housing.
(a) Open Plot Societies (b) Flat Owners Societies (c) Tenant Societies
(d) Housing Board Societies.
 Open Plot Societies: members purchase or take on lease a plot of land and themselves
construct the building.
 Flat Owner‟s Society : When a builder constructs flats and sells them to Flat Owners.
 Tenants Society: When Landlord forms a Society of tenants.
 Housing Board Society: When a Society is formed by allottees of flats and building is
constructed by the Housing Board Authorities, i.e. Mumbai
Housing and Development Board.
Initiating Society Formation

 The procedure for Registration of a society begins with electing a Chief Promoter in a
meeting of the Promoter.
 The builder under the Flat Owners type of co-operative society has the first right to act as the
chief promoter.
 The developer/flat purchasers should call for a meeting of the Promoters by issuing the
notice under Agenda of the meeting given at least 14 days notice to the Promoters.
 In this meeting, a Chief Promoter is elected who can exercise such powers and carry out
such functions as are mentioned in the minutes of the Promoters of the proposed Co-
operative Society.
 After electing the Chief Promoter, the proposed name of the society has to be decided by the
Promoters.
Credit Rating Agencies

 CRISIL – Credit Rating Information Services Limited by Standard & Poor‟s
 CARE – Credit Analysis and Research Limited, by IDBI Bank, Canara Bank & SBI
 ICRA – (formerly Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India Limited) by
Moody‟s investor service.
 Fitch India – 100% subsidiary of Fitch group
-
i) Developer Ratings ii) Project Rating
DEVELOPER RATINGS
 FIs adopt a cautious approach in financing residential and commercial real estate projects.
 Ratings provide a third party (independent) opinion to FIs as well as to housing customers.
 Help developers mobilise funds and also aid in marketing of the project to prospective buyers.
 Product developed by CRISIL in consultation with NAREDCO (National Real Estate

Development Council).
Developer’s Track Record:

i) Legal Track Record
ii) Construction Track Record
iii) Market Track Record
Organisation Risk:
i) Systems
ii) Structure
iii) Strategy
Financial Risk:
i) Existing Financial Profile ii) Financial Flexibility
– Extent of compliance with legal requirements is assessed by looking at

factors such as:
 Number of non-compoundable violations
 Completion/occupancy certificates
 Compliance with FSI rules
 Transfer of clean titles to investors ,Non-compliance leads to vulnerability to legal action, this
reflects unfavourably on the developer
Construction Track Record – soundness of buildings already constructed becomes a primary factor
as this reflects his commitment to safety.
 Quality of on-site and off-site infrastructure provided to customers.
 Compliance to specifications as detailed in the Sale Agreement.
 Level of after sales service provided
Also, scale and size of past projects, total area developed and time taken for formation of a
cooperative society in residential projects (indicates fully passing of title to investor)
Market Track Record - RE projects prone to very high market risks due to volatile conditions.
Hence,
- Market perception and reputation of the developer, and
- Brand value attached to the properties is considered.
Record of saleability, off-take of past projects and complaints outstanding in consumer courts and
other disputes serve as an indicator
– looks at business management and control.
 Standardisation of work flow processes

 Level of computerisation
 Modernisation of steps in project conceptualisation, design, planning and execution
 Adherence to time schedules and cost estimates
 Internal quality control systems esp. for material and labour specifications.
 System for information flow to buyers(including prospective)

Structure – assessment is done regarding:-
 Organisation structure
 Role definition and communication
 Staffing and management style
 Availability of talent pool
Indicates developer‟s progressive vision and long-term sustainability of business
Strategy –
 Land identification and acquisition strategies
 Legal risk mitigation strategies
 Marketing strategy
 Brand building strategy
 Construction strategy
Strategy to reduce dependence on a single market or on real estate business alone ( to overcome
adverse business cycles)
– assessment of,financial soundness of developer by looking at:
 developer‟s cash flows
 Funding pattern for executed and on-going projects
Because construction industry is capital intensive and large quantum of funds is needed up-front
and during various stages of development
Financial Flexibility – viewed in relation to the number of projects under development and the
funding tie-ups for the same.
 -up end-to-end funding for projects is essential for timely and cost efficient
execution.
 – Highest ability of the developer to specify and build to agreed quality levels and
transfer clear title within stipulated time schedules.
 – Inability of the developer to comlete projects or transfer title.
PROJECT RATINGS

 se pertain to a particular real estate project and not to the developer as a whole.
 factors are assessed.
1) Legal Risks – related to the land being developed
2) Construction Risks – related to the proposed project.
is rated based on:
1) Clarity of Title
2) Restrictive Covenants
3) Encumbrances
4) Sale Agreement
5) Development Agreement

or incomplete, the developer is asked to get a second legal opinion.
 applicability of various restrictive covenants is

studied.
 property is free of encumbrances such as mortgages, rates and taxes, by

examining:
-Search report issued by the lawyer or „nil‟ encumbrance certificate issued by the local authority.
-Land records in the sub-registrar office/corporation/revenue department. These help establish

current ownership of the property.
-Rates and Taxes paid as per local development control rules. Receipts and non-lien
developer and buyer, since this substantiates the

commitments relating to:
 land cost  Construction cost
 Land area  Schedule of payment

 List of features  Post delivery warranty
 Time of delivery  And conformity to Apartment Owner‟s

FlatsAct etc. ( if applicable)
land vendor and developer is also studied as well as
the irrevocable POA granted by the former to the latter.
 Soundness of structure
 Infrastructure
 Finish
 Integration
 After sales service
 Adherence to stipulated timeline and cost
Ability of the developer to transfer the plan into a sound structure. A function of:
 Organisational learning
 Organisation structure
 Extent of labour and material speficiations and cost
 Project control mechanisms
ed to certify the soundness of construction
examined.
-site and off-site infrastructure are assessed to see if the standards planned
for the project are met
-site: roads, sewerage, water and electric systems
-site: parking facilities and security services
developer to specify in advance ( to the investors) the

quality levels agreed with regard to materials for both internal and external finish. External finish
includes electrical and sanitary fittings.
consideration in evaluating construction risks.

A developer with facilities for block manufacturing, carpentry and fabrication in addition to
transport and construction equipment is in a better position to build to consistent quality than
developers who procure these facilities / equipment from vendors
Evaluates the extent and type of after sales service being planned by the developer for the project
as stipulated in the post delivery warranty.
on time.
appropriate
authorities.
per the comprehensive development plan of the region.
ensure adherence to the timeline.
institutions/investors
by the developer in which part of the customer

advances are put, withdrawals are linked to stages of project completion.
Existence of punitive clauses in favour of buyer – to compensate buyer for delayed deliveries
 Based on degree of completion of project, likelihood of cost overruns are evaluted and the
manner in which these are passed on to the customers
 PA1 – indicates highest ability of the developer (for a particular project) to specify and build
to agreed quality levels and transfer clear title within stipulated time schedules
 PA5 – indicates inability of the developer to complete a particular project of transfer clear
title.
DR1 Very strong project execution capacity

DR2 Strong project execution capacity
DR3 Moderate project execution capacity
DR4 Inadequate project execution capacity
DR5 Weak project execution capacity
Note: The suffix of „+‟ or „-‟ may be used with the grading
symbol (from DR2 to DR4) to indicate the comparative position within the group covered by the
symbol.

RT1 Very strong project
RT2 Strong project
RT3 Moderate project
RT4 Inadequate project
RT5 Weak project
Note: The suffix of „+‟ or „-‟ may be used with the grading
symbol (from RT2 to RT4) to indicate the comparative
position within the group covered by the symbol.
CT1 Very strong project engineering/project management services capacity

CT2 Strong project engineering/project management services capacity
CT3 Moderate project engineering/project management services capacity
CT4 Inadequate project engineering/project management services capacity
CT5 Weak project engineering/project management services capacity
Note: The suffix of „+‟ or „-‟ may be used with the grading symbols (from CT2 to CT4) to indicate the
comparative position within the Grading category concerned.

6th Term - Real Estate Development

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6th Term - Real Estate Development

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The Possession Process & Alteration Policy

MCM616: Real Estate Development

1. Contract closure is performed at the end of every contract.

a) Whether or not project objectives are met successfully, or

b) Contract is terminated for whatever reasons.

Design for Handing Over

2) Document all deliverables as per acceptance criteria of the customer.

3) Create process for creating satisfaction by clearing deficiencies observed by the

Handing Over of Documents

1. Agreement for sale

- Handing over possession document.

Other documents handing over:-

Asset Class & Type

Check List of Essentials

Inventory of all fittings & fixtures (numbers and condition)

1. Water supply and sanitary fittings

S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 2

Reasons for denial

S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 3

Change in Company Stance

Policy” and are clearly stating what can or cannot be permitted.

-out “Maytas Hill County Deviation Policy” as an example.

-Off between threat perception and costs to mitigate the risks.

 otects the lives and property of the:-

1. owners & users of the property

3. From all threats, manmade or natural.

 Protection includes identification, thwarting, neutralising and mitigating of a threat.

Five Step Evaluation Process

S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 4

 People have a tendency to be fearful and uncertain

 People fall in the trap of false perception of security

 People do things counter to their own security

 People say one thing and do another thing

Impact of security decisions

Active Security Passive Security

 Guards  Access Control

 Perimeter fencing  Fire hydrant/sprinkler

 Gates  Perimeter alarm

 CCTV  Smoke/gas/heat/fire detector

 Security lighting  Safety features in the electrical

S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 5

Threats to physical security

Physical Security Planning

 A physical security program must address:

 Incident assessment through response to incidents and determination of damage

 Response procedures (fire suppression mechanisms, emergency response

S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 6

Control Measures for

-in and unlawful entry

1. Location short listing

Formation of Cooperative Housing

 Earlier this trend was prevalent mainly in Mumbai.

S.R.P**- 6th Term Real Estate Development Page 7

 The society is managed by elected representatives from amongst the owners.

 In turn it is the society which manages the affairs of the buildings.

Activities of the Coop Hsg. Soc.

1) Dealing with various Governmental bodies.

3) Maintenance and upkeep of the facility.

Dealing with various Governmental bodies

Regulating the conduct of the members

1) Issue of NOC for permitting transfer of property.

2) Permission for letting out of property.

3) Curbing commercial activity in residences within the premises.

4) Managing the common facilities.