Matthew Hamilton Sanctions For Russia-Iran Nuclear Trade | Negative

Eveready 11/01/10

Sanctions For Russia-Iran Nuclear Trade | Negative

Table of Contents
CX Questions:............................................................................................................................................1
1. Inherency................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 U.S. Placed Sanctions on Iran.........................................................................................................1
1.1 U.S. And Russia Agreed to Place Sanctions on Iran.......................................................................2
1.3 Russia in Favor of UN Sanctions on Iran........................................................................................2
1.4 Current UN Sanctions Prohibit S-300 Delivery and Some Iranian Officials..................................2
1.5 What the UN Decree Blocks From Being Delivered to Iran...........................................................3
1.6 Even With Trade, Iranian Air Defense is “Still Pretty Weak”.........................................................3
1.7 What we Gave up Was Worth the Instrument we Now Have..........................................................3
1.8 Obama Talked Medvedev Out of Selling Arms to Russia...............................................................3
2. Past Efforts/Sanctions............................................................................................................................4
2.1 Past Sanctions Have Damaged U.S. To This Day...........................................................................4
2.2 Russia-Venezuela Arms Trade Opposed by U.S. But Not Halted...................................................4
3. Harms.....................................................................................................................................................4
3.1 IAEA Will Monitor Fuel's Arrival and Loading..............................................................................4
4. Russia-Iran Relations.............................................................................................................................5
4.1 Russia Trying to Save Their Relations With Iran Using Bushehr...................................................5
4.2 Russia-Iran Relations Aren't the Best Right Now...........................................................................5
Credential/Info...........................................................................................................................................6

CX Questions:
What specific sanctions are you imposing?
Are you absolutely sure that these sanctions are powerful enough that Russia will comply with our
demands?
Have U.S. Sanctions toward Russia been effective in the past?

1. Inherency

1.2 U.S. Placed Sanctions on Iran

By the CNN Wire Staff, CNN World[CNN.com is among the world's leaders in online news and information
delivery. Staffed 24 hours, seven days a week by a dedicated staff in CNN's world headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia,
and in bureaus worldwide, CNN.com relies heavily on CNN's global team of almost 4,000 news professionals.
CNN.com features the latest multimedia technologies, from live video streaming to audio packages to searchable
archives of news features and background information. The site is updated continuously throughout the day.], August
13 2010, “Russia moving ahead with Iran nuclear reactor”, http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-
13/world/nuclear.russia.iran_1_bushehr-facility-nuclear-reactor-visit-iran-next-week?
_s=PM:WORLD [Brackets added]

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In June, the U.S. Treasury Department announced sanctions targeting the country's nuclear and missile
programs -- identifying more than 20 companies and several individuals allegedly involved with those
programs.

1.1 U.S. And Russia Agreed to Place Sanctions on Iran

By Colum Lynch and Glenn Kessler, The Washington Post, May 22, 2010, “Moscow makes gains in
Iran deal as U.S. lifts sanctions against Russia”, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2010/05/21/AR2010052102590.html

The move to lift the Russian sanctions, recorded in Friday's Federal Register, comes just three days
after the United States, Russia and other key powers reached agreement on the draft resolution, which
would sanction Iran for violating U.N. demands to halt its uranium enrichment program.

1.3 Russia in Favor of UN Sanctions on Iran

By Fred Weir, Correspondent, The Christian Science Monitor[is an international news organization
that delivers thoughtful, global coverage via its website, weekly magazine, daily news briefing, email
newsletters, and mobile site. - Extended credentials at end of brief], August 13, 2010, “Russia to finish
Iran nuclear plant but won't deliver missiles”,
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0813/Russia-to-finish-Iran-nuclear-plant-but-won-t-
deliver-missiles

In June, Russia moved briskly toward the US position by backing a fourth round of United Nations
sanctions against Iran over its failure to stop enriching uranium – a key step toward attaining nuclear
weapons capability. The measures include financial controls and a tough arms embargo.

1.4 Current UN Sanctions Prohibit S-300 Delivery and Some Iranian Officials
Al Jazeera(Site info at end of brief), September 22, 2010, “Russia bans Iran missile delivery”,
http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/09/2010922164756103694.html

Citing UN sanctions, Russia has cancelled a planned sale of advanced missiles to Iran. Dmitry
Medvedev, the Russian president, has issued a decree prohibiting the delivery of S-300 air defence
missile systems and other weapons to Iran.
Reuters news agency reports that the presidential decree, issued on Wednesday, brings trade rules for
Russia and its companies into line with the sanctions, pleasing the United States and other Western
nations that are deeply worried about Iran's military capability.
"What's interesting about this order is that it not only bans the sale of surface-to-air S-300 missiles, it
also bans other weapons system," Alexander Nekrassov, former adviser to the Kremlin, told Al Jazeera.
He added that the decree also bans senior Iranian officials "who are somehow linked to the nuclear
programme" from visiting Russia.

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1.5 What the UN Decree Blocks From Being Delivered to Iran

Al Jazeera(Site info at end of brief), September 22, 2010, “Russia bans Iran missile delivery”,
http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/09/2010922164756103694.html

The decree bars the delivery to Iran of "any battle tanks, combat armoured vehicles, large-calibre
artillery systems, combat helicopters, military ships" and missiles covered by a UN register, as well as
spare parts, the Kremlin said.

1.6 Even With Trade, Iranian Air Defense is “Still Pretty Weak”
By Lionel Beehner, Council on Foreign Relations(Site info at end of brief), November 1, 2006,
“Russia-Iran Arms Trade”, http://www.cfr.org/publication/11869/russiairan_arms_trade.html#p5
[Brackets added]

They could, experts predict. “Sales of advanced military equipment to Iran by Russia and others has been an issue of
intense interest to U.S. policymakers for some time,” writes Richard F. Grimmett, author of the CRS report. “Iran
appears to be interested in air-defense systems, which would pose a challenge to U.S. combat strikes in Iran,” Boese
says. Not all experts agree. "It’s been a lot more smoke than fire,” says [Michael]Eisenstadt[, director of
the Washington Institute for Near East Policy’s Military and Security Studies Program ]. “In terms of
Iranian air defenses, [the Iranians are] still pretty weak given the size of the land mass they have to
defend.”

1.7 What we Gave up Was Worth the Instrument we Now Have

By Peter Baker and David E. Sanger, The New York Times, May 21, 2010, “U.S. Makes Concessions to
Russia for Iran Sanctions”, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/22/world/22sanctions.html [Brackets
added for clarification]

“We got a major instrument to help advance what we’re trying to do vis-à-vis[in relation to] Iran,” [said
a senior official who is involved in the discussions but not authorized to be identified] the official said.
“Compared to what we gave up[, sanctions on Russia], I think we’re in a pretty good place, and we’re
certainly better off than where we were in January 2009.”

1.8 Obama Talked Medvedev Out of Selling Arms to Russia

By Josh Rogin, Foreign Policy(“About Us” at end of brief), September 23, 2010, “How the Obama
team convinced Russia not to sell arms to Iran”,
http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/09/23/how_the_obama_team_convinced_russia_not_to_s
ell_arms_to_iran

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev's decision not to sell advanced weaponry to Iran is being hailed as
a dividend of the Obama administration's "reset" policy with Russia. And although the administration
didn't expressly offer the Kremlin a quid pro quo for the reversal, Moscow will expect moves by

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Washington in return as it cautiously moves to grasp Obama's outstretched hand.

2. Past Efforts/Sanctions

2.1 Past Sanctions Have Damaged U.S. To This Day

Clayton K. Yeutter[Former U.S. Trade Representative; former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.], October
23 1997, “Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Trade of the House Committee on Ways and Means:
Hearing on the Use and Effect of Unilateral Trade Sanctions“,
http://waysandmeans.house.gov/legacy/trade/105cong/10-23-97/1023yeut.htm#N_1_

The case of the Soviet grain embargo is a classic illustration of this. When President Carter imposed the
embargo against Russia to protest the invasion of Afghanistan, the Russians simply turned to other
suppliers, all of whom were delighted to seize market share from the United States. Russia paid a bit
more for grain than if it had bought from us, but not much more. By the time President Reagan
terminated the embargo, American farmers had lost $2.3 billion in sales. Seventeen years later, we have
not yet restored our Russian grain exports to pre-embargo levels.

2.2 Russia-Venezuela Arms Trade Opposed by U.S. But Not Halted

By Lionel Beehner, Council on Foreign Relations(Site info at end of brief), November 1, 2006,
“Russia-Iran Arms Trade”, http://www.cfr.org/publication/11869/russiairan_arms_trade.html#p5
[Brackets added for clarification]

Not much. “Part of the problem, in general, is there are no legal prohibitions to selling conventional weapons,” Boese
says, only voluntary—and thereby unenforceable—export-control regimes like the Missile Technology Control
Regime or the Wassenaar Arrangement. Russia has come under criticism from the U.S. State Department for its lax
compliance with these agreements. On its arms sales to Iran, “I imagine behind closed doors there are negotiations in
Washington about it,” [Matthew]Schroeder[, manager of the Federation of American Scientists’ Arms
Sales Monitoring Project] says, but adds that—like U.S. efforts to dissuade Russia from selling arms to
Venezuela, including $3 billion of jet fighters and Kalashnikov assault rifles—they[Washington] are
unlikely to succeed. The United States can also sanction Russian entities for their alleged proliferation transactions
with Iran. In total, the White House has slapped sanctions on six Russian firms for delivering arms-related materials to
Iran, the most recent being Rosoboronexport and Sukoi this past September. Experts say these kinds of sanctions have
little impact. Finally, the Russians might be willing to rescind their arms trade with Iran, says Eisenstadt, in exchange
for American promises to block NATO expansion eastward and to “stop meddling in [Russia’s] near-abroad,”
something Washington appears unwilling to do.

3. Harms

3.1 IAEA Will Monitor Fuel's Arrival and Loading

By the CNN Wire Staff, CNN World[CNN.com is among the world's leaders in online news and information
delivery. Staffed 24 hours, seven days a week by a dedicated staff in CNN's world headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia,
and in bureaus worldwide, CNN.com relies heavily on CNN's global team of almost 4,000 news professionals.

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CNN.com features the latest multimedia technologies, from live video streaming to audio packages to searchable
archives of news features and background information. The site is updated continuously throughout the day.], August
13 2010, “Russia moving ahead with Iran nuclear reactor”, http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-
13/world/nuclear.russia.iran_1_bushehr-facility-nuclear-reactor-visit-iran-next-week?
_s=PM:WORLD [Brackets added]

[Sergei]Novikov[spokesman for Russia's Federal Atomic Energy Agency] said the fuel's arrival and
loading into the plant will be monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
"The IAEA inspectors will remove seals from containers with nuclear fuel, examine it," he said. "The
fuel will be then transferred into a special storage facility. And when the Iranian nuclear watchdog
agency gives its permission, the fuel will be loaded into the reactor."

4. Russia-Iran Relations

4.1 Russia Trying to Save Their Relations With Iran Using Bushehr
By Fred Weir, Correspondent, The Christian Science Monitor[is an international news organization
that delivers thoughtful, global coverage via its website, weekly magazine, daily news briefing, email
newsletters, and mobile site. - Extended credentials at end of brief], August 13, 2010, “Russia to finish
Iran nuclear plant but won't deliver missiles”,
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0813/Russia-to-finish-Iran-nuclear-plant-but-won-t-
deliver-missiles [Brackets added for clarification]

"Those who favor a 'reset' of relations with the US have won, at least for now, but they had to give
something to the other guys," says Mr. Strokan. "So, the answer is to go ahead and complete Bushehr.
It's a civilian nuclear power plant, which will be under tight supervision of the International Atomic
Energy Agency, and doesn't pose any proliferation risk. It also may be a small way to try and save our
relations with Iran, which have been nearly destroyed by Russia's decision to back the new sanctions
declaration," [said Sergei Strokan, a foreign policy columnist with the Moscow daily Kommersant
newspaper.]he says.

4.2 Russia-Iran Relations Aren't the Best Right Now

By Fred Weir, Correspondent, The Christian Science Monitor[is an international news organization
that delivers thoughtful, global coverage via its website, weekly magazine, daily news briefing, email
newsletters, and mobile site. - Extended credentials at end of brief], August 13, 2010, “Russia to finish
Iran nuclear plant but won't deliver missiles”,
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0813/Russia-to-finish-Iran-nuclear-plant-but-won-t-
deliver-missiles

Iran reacted furiously to Moscow's abandonment of its long-held opposition to tougher sanctions.
In a July speech, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad complained that Moscow was now reading
from "a US-authored script," and suggested that Kremlin leaders were "liars and cowards" for deserting
Iran.

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Credential/Info

-The Christian Science Monitor

is an international news organization that delivers thoughtful, global coverage via its website, weekly
magazine, daily news briefing, email newsletters, and mobile site.
The Monitor is global, both in practice and in spirit.
In an era when the mainstream media has narrowed its lens, we're convinced readers yearn for the
opposite. This global perspective comes naturally; the Monitor's founder, Mary Baker Eddy, explained
our mission this way: "To injure no man, but to bless all mankind."
While we may not land on the doorstep or in the inbox of all mankind (though we’d like to), our aim is
to embrace the human family, shedding light and understanding with the conviction that truth is the
beginning of solutions. This conviction has served our readers and story subjects well over the years,
winning us seven Pulitzer Prizes and more than a dozen Overseas Press Club awards.
Mrs. Eddy's statement contains another distinguishing feature. The purpose of our journalism is to
"bless" not "injure." That is central to how we cover the news:
• We're unrelenting but fair.
• We're excited by what’s new and developing - yet always mindful of the history behind us.
• We're broad in scope but written for the individual.
• And we make a point of resisting the sensational in favor of the meaningful.
We're also free to be an independent voice, devoid of the corporate allegiances and pressures that critics
say too often skew today's media.
Join us for a daily distillation of a changing world - your world. We'd love to have you come along.
And please let us know what you think.
(Taken from the About The Christian Science Monitor page)

-Al Jazeera
the 24-hour English-language news and current affairs channel, is headquartered in Doha, the capital of
Qatar.
The organisation is the world's first global English language news channel to be headquartered in the
Middle East.
From this unique position, Al Jazeera English is destined to be the English-language channel of
reference for Middle Eastern events, balancing the current typical information flow by reporting from
the developing world back to the West and from the southern to the northern hemisphere.
The channel aims to give voice to untold stories, promote debate, and challenge established
perceptions.
With broadcasting centres in Doha, Kuala Lumpur, London and Washington DC and supporting
bureaux worldwide, the channel will set the news agenda, bridging cultures and providing a unique
grassroots perspective from under-reported regions around the world to a potential global audience of
over one billion English speakers.

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The station broadcasts news, current affairs, features, analysis, documentaries, live debates,
entertainment, business and sport.
Building on Al Jazeera Arabic channel's ground breaking developments in the Arab and Muslim world
that have changed the face of news within the Middle East, Al Jazeera English is part of a growing
network that is now extending this fresh perspective from regional to global through accurate, impartial
and objective reporting.

-The Council on Foreign Relations

is an independent, nonpartisan membership organization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a
resource for its members, government officials, business executives, journalists,educators and students,
civic and religious leaders, and other interested citizens in order to help them better understand the
world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries.
Founded in 1921, the Council takes no institutional positions on matters of policy. The Council carries
out its mission by:
• Maintaining a diverse membership, including special programs to promote interest and develop
expertise in the next generation of foreign policy leaders;
• Convening meetings at its headquarters in New York and in Washington, DC, and other cities
where senior government officials, members of Congress, global leaders, and prominent
thinkers come together with Council members to discuss and debate major international issues;
• Supporting a Studies Program that fosters independent research, enabling Council scholars to
produce articles, reports, and books and hold roundtables that analyze foreign policy issues and
make concrete policy recommendations;
• Publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal of international affairs and U.S. foreign
policy;
• Sponsoring Independent Task Forces that produce reportswith both findings and policy
prescriptions on the most important foreign policy topics; and
• Providing up-to-date information and analysis about world events and American foreign policy
on its website, CFR.org.

(Taken from the Mission Statement page)

-Foreign Policy
Founded in 1970 by Samuel Huntington and Warren Demian Manshel, and now published by the Slate
Group, a division of Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC, in Washington, D.C.,Foreign
Policy is the premier, award-winning magazine of global politics, economics,and ideas. After winning
our third "Ellie" (National Magazine Award) in six years, we believe the judges said it best:
Serious without being pompous, deep without being self-indulgent, Foreign Policy is an essential
modern guide to global politics, economics, and ideas for people who want to know what's really
happening in an increasingly complicated world. Foreign Policy both simplifies and clarifies complex
topics with crisp, insightful writing and clear design.
—Judges' Remarks, 2009 National Magazine Awards

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Equal parts scout and translator, we draw on the world’s leading journalists, thinkers, and professionals
to analyze the mostsignificant international trends and events of our times, without regard to ideology
or political bias. Whether examining who the winnersare in Iraq, determining solutions to save the
world, or discovering the states that fail us, we strive to combine original thinking with real-world
illustrations of ideas in action.
(Taken from the About Us page)

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