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 The palace of Westminster, better known as the Houses of Parliament, is London¶s best-
known monument. The ³mother of all parliaments´ and the ³world¶s largest building´ ± or it
was claimed at that time- it is also the city¶s finest Victorian building, the symbol of a nation
once confident of its place at the centre of the world. Best viewed from the south side of the
river, where the likes of Monet and Turner set up their easels, the building is distinguished
above all by the ornate, gilded clock tower popularly known as Big Ben, which is at its most
impressive at night when the clock-face is lit up.
 ›fficial Name: Parliament Clock
Big Ben Tower
Also Known As: Saint Stephen's
Tower
Designed by: Charles Barry and
Augustus Pugin
Construction Completed: 1858
Type: Tower
> ›ver the years
Maximum Height: 320 feet / 98
there has been
meters
historical debate
(including spires, antennae,
over who
etc...)
designed the
Location: Bridge Street
Houses of
Area: Westminster
Parliament and
Post Code: SW1
the clock tower
City: London, England
commonly known
as Big Ben.
>1949 - Big Ben's time falls Charles Barry
behind by 4½ minutes when a began the design,
flock of birds perches on the but then hired
minute hand. Augustus Pugin
>1962 - Big Ben sounds the New to complete it.
Year ten minutes late because of Pugin, himself,
a buildup of heavy snow on its has been quoted
hands. as giving Barry
the credit for the
>20 March, 2004 - Protesters scale Big Ben and unfurl a banner protesting better half og the
war. work.
>30 ›ctober, 2005 - Big Ben is paused for several hours so workers could
perform routine maintenance and inspections.
Big Ben
 Vor tourists, photographers, residents, and even terrorists, this is the symbol of
London. ›fficially called the Clock Tower, millions of people around the world know
it as "Big Ben." In truth, Big Ben is the name of the bell inside the clock, not the
tower. But trying to convince people of that is akin to trying to stop a train with
your car: It's possible, but not worth the effort. Not a building on its own, the 320-
foot Clock Tower is one of two towers flanking England's Houses of Parliament. It
was built after a fire in 1834 destroyed most of the existing structure. That inferno
was caused by the burning of an abacus that was used for bookkeeping. The fire
got out of control and took most of the building with it. Charles Barry was the
winner of a competition to design the new center of government. He went with a
Renaissance style, and married it with Neo-Gothic details by Augustus Pugin,
including the towers. Inside the tower is Big Ben -- a 13-ton bell that sounds the
hours as time passes. There is no firm documentation on how the bell got its
name. Some think it was named after boxer Ben Caunt. ›thers believe it was
named after Sir Benjamin Hall, a rather hefty gentleman who was a commissioner
in Westminster. Either way, it is the quintessential London experience to emerge
from the Underground, walk along the Thames on a foggy Sunday morning and
hear Big Ben toll.
Tower of London

Architect =nknown
Location London, England map
Date 1070 to 1090
Building Type castle, fortress, prison
Construction System bearing masonry
Climate temperate
Context =rban
Style Medieval English
Notes The =ltimate castle keep of the British Empire, in
London by the Tower Bridge across the Thames
river.
The Tower
Vounded has
nearly a long andago
a millennium bloody
and history,
expanded illustrated
upon overinthe detail by the
centuries Royal
since, Armoury,
the Tower of
which has
London holds 40,000 artifacts
protected, from armorand
housed, imprisoned to iron
beenmaidens.
for manyThis is where
the last Henry
sight they sawVIon
was
killedItin
Earth. 1471,
has been where
the seattwo of Henry
of British VIII's wives
government were
and the executed
living quarters(Anne Boleyn ...
of monarchs and
the
Catherine
site of renownHoward) and
political where and
intrigue, Ladythe
Jane Grey and
repository ofRobert Devereux,
the Crown Jewelsthe Earl
... It hasofhoused
Sussex,
met bears,
lions, similarand
fates.
(toThe
thisTower of London
day) flightless has been
ravens guarded
... not by a detail
to mention of Beefeaters
notorious traitors andsince
1485. members of court, lords and ministers, clergymen and knights.
framed
 Buckingham Palace

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  Buckingham Palace
 ( and the Victoria
Memorial. This
principal façade of
1850 by Edward
Blore, the East
Vront, was
redesigned in 1913
by Sir Aston Webb.

Buckingham Palace
is the official
residence of the
British monarch in
London. The Palace
is a setting for state
occasions and royal
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 1 Canada Sq=are

Designed by: Cesar Pelli and

Associates
Constr=ction
Completed: 1992
Cost: £800,000,000.00
Type: Skyscraper
Stories: 50
Location: Isle of Dogs
Area: Docklands
Post Code: E14
City: London, England

While ordinary in appearance, at 50 stories, this was the tallest office building in Europe at the time this photo
was taken. The building's signature is a 130-foot stainless steel pyramid cap weighing 11 tons. Canada Square
managed to rise in spite of overwhelming odds. The Canadian company that commissioned it went bankrupt,
bomb threats closed the observation deck, and a real IRA bomb attack shattered the lower floors. It exists as a
symbol of the area's rebirth. In 1981 the region consisted of block after block of abandoned industrial sites.
The government set up the London Dockland Development Corporation to revitalize the area. It offered
incentives for new construction and reuse of urban land. The Docklands got its own automated rail system
(Docklands Light Railway), and businesses began moving back in. Some of them high-profile newspapers like
the Daily Telegraph. ›ne Canada Square is now the jewel in the Corporation's crown. It was sold in 1995 to
new owners (A Canadian-Saudi joint venture) who have kept the building alive, and continued breathing life
into the local economy. ›nce just an industrial wasteland, the Canary Wharf and Isle of Dogs Docklands are
becoming fashionable once again.
Saint Pa=l's Cathedral

Designed by: Christopher Wren

Constr=ction Start: 1675
Constr=ction Completed: 1710
Type: Holy Place
Area: The City
Post Code: EC4
City: London, England
>27 J=ne, 2002 - American-
born British citizen Sir
Pa=l Getty donates
USS$7,500,000.00 to
restore Saint Pa=l's
Cathedral.
This is considered Christopher Wren¶s masterpiece. Saint Paul¶s was commissioned to replace a
church that had been leveled by the Great Vire of 1666. Work was begun in 1675, and
completed in 1710. Eventually, the cathedral also became Wren¶s final resting place. It is also
the final resting place of Admiral Nelson. Vrom the Stone Gallery you can get another great view
of the city. Unfortunately, the neighborhood where Saint Paul¶s is located isn't that great, so the
best things to look at are far off. There is also a strange phenomenon inside. The dome is the
third largest in the world, but is 60-feet smaller inside than outside. The extra space is filled by
structural support for the gigantic lantern.
 Also Known As: The Glass Egg
„ nd n City Hall Designed by: Sir Norman
Foster
Constr=ction Start: 2000
Constr=ction
Completed: 2002
Cost: £43,000,000
Type: Government B=ilding
Stories: 10
Maxim=m Height: 50 meters
/ 164 feet
(incl=ding spires, antennae,
etc...) > The first mayor to have his offices in
Location: The Q=een¶s Walk this b=ilding was Ken Livingstone.
Area: Bermondsey > 23 J=ly, 2002 - Q=een Elizabeth II and
the D=ke of Edinb=rgh officially open
Post Code: SE1 the new city hall. The mayors of Paris
City: London, England and Berlin also attended the ceremony.

In a capital bristling with historic significant stone architect=re, the =se of this glass and steel orb as the seat of city
government may seem strange, b=t the reason is simple -- London didn't have a mayor from 1988 to 2002. This b=ilding was
erected specifically for the p=rpose of ho=sing the central a=thority, and constr=cted at a time when London was embracing
glass and steel as the hallmark of the new millenni=m.
The glass is =navoidable, s=rro=nding visitors, politicians, and civic leaders. They are able to look o=t not j=st =pon the
pop=lar London core, b=t aro=nd in all directions over their domain. Perhaps the transparency will worth both ways,
reminding the people inside that they serve the people o=tside. The main feat=re of the interior is the grand debating
chamber, which looks =p into a soaring spiral stairwell. At the top of the b=ilding is an open-air viewing platform.
The shape of the rapidly c=rving side. This is an energy-saving feat=re, as the b=ilding is angled to take advantage of s=nlight
in the winter, and avoid it b=ilding is not something simple like a sphere, or an egg. It is something akin to a drop of water
being blown over by a p=ff of air. Each level is offset slightly from the one below, hanging over one side of the b=ilding. The
res=lt is a slightly c=rving side, and a in the s=mmer. There is also a below-grade ampitheatrer, which makes the b=ilding
appear as if it is rising from a hole.
 r St. Mary Axe

> This building was

Also Known As: Swiss Re
designed by Sir Norman
Voster. B=ilding
> The top of the building Also Known As: The Gherkin
is occupied by a private Designed by: Foster and
club and restaurant for Partners
people who work in this Constr=ction Start: 2000
building. It is also
Constr=ction Completed: 2004
occasionally rented out
for private events. Cost: ¼200,000,000.00
> The building was Type: Skyscraper
designed to use recycled Stories: 41
or recyclable materials Maxim=m Height: 180 meters /
whenever possible. 591 feet
> The building uses open
(incl=ding spires, antennae,
windows and natural
ventilation to reduce etc...)
energy costs. Width: 57 meters / 187 feet
Location: 30 Saint Mary Axe
Area: The City
Post Code: EC3
City: London, England