Ldce Questions 2001

LDCE QUESTIONS 2001
LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE

14th June 2001
PAPER I
Important; this paper contains two sections A and B. both sections have to be
answere. Sectin A carries 50 marks and Section B carries 100 marks
Section A (max marks 50)
GK I Expand the following abbreviations
(i) CBEC (ii) ICICI (iii) IRCON (iv) PAC (v) LIBOR (vi) SAIL (vii) TRAI (viii) BOLT
(ix) UNESCO (x) SEBI 5 marks
GK II write short notes onANY FIVE
I. BALCO disinvestment
II. Dabhol power project
III. External commercial borrowing
IV. Moody’s rating
V. Narmada river valley project
VI. Green house effect
VII. Public distribution system 10 marks
GK III. write short notes in not more than 200 words on ANY ONE of the following
i. Official language policy
ii. Renewable energy sources
iii. Information technology 10 marks
GK 4 name the authors of the following books
i. God of small things
ii. Discovery of India
iii. Malgudi days
iv. Das capital
v. War and peace 5 marks
GK 5 name the sports associated with the following
i. Ranji trophy
ii. Durand cup
iii. Rangaswamy cup
iv. Thomas cup
v. Wimbledon 5 marks
GK 6 Use the following pairs of words in sentences of your own

i. Poll – pole
ii. Adept – adapt
iii. Excepted – expected
iv. Opposite – apposite
v. Cite – site 10 marks
GK 7 Fill up the blanks with suitable preposition
The cabinet __________ Wednesday decided _________ form a sub-committee
_____ draw ______ a white paper __________ the financial position _____ the
state. The Government wanted ________ place the factual position _____ the
people ______ the white paper 5 marks
SECTION B max marks 100
This section contains two parts A and B. attempt any four questions taking any
two from each part. All questions carry equal marks
BA 1. Indian railways are required to fund not only commercially viable projects
but also non-viable but socially relevant projects over the few decades. The
massive investment requirements of the shelf of pending projects need
innovative measures for funding. Outline some of the specific initiates taken by
the railways in this direction and suggest further measures to over come the
problem of resource crunch.
BA 2 how is parliamentary control over railway’s finances exercised? What is the

role of various parliamentary committees in this process?
BA 3 writes short notes on ANY FOUR

i. Ways And Means Advances
ii. Rakesh Mohan Committee
iii. Railway Safety Fund
iv. Action Taken Note’
v. Commercial Exploitation Of Land
vi. Amortization
BA 4 what is zero based budgeting. What are the steps taken by the railways in
the last five years to adopt this system?
BA 5 what is the role of statutory audit on the Indian railways? Is it possible to

dispense with the organization if the internal auditing system is strengthened?
PART B
BB 1 what is appropriate accounts? Annexure J is the index of efficiency of
accounts department. Discuss
BB2 there is urgent need to simplify the procedure and speed up the realization
and accountal of traffic earnings. Discuss duly explaining the present system in
detail
BB3 railways operate a large number of suspense heads. Discuss the need the
context and the method of operation of any THREE of them selecting one each
from earnings, revenue and expenditure and works expenditure
BB4 the delay in making available the acutals and the wide variation between the
approximate and actual render the present system of closing of accounts
ineffective and liable for criticism. Give concrete suggestions to make tangible
improvements in this area
BB5 physical performance and financial results do not go in tandem so far as

earnings are concerned. What are the factors responsible for such a divergence?
&/&/&/
WWW

15th June 2001
PAPER II
This paper contains two sections A and B. both sections have to be answered
.Section A is compulsory for all candidates and carries maximum of 50 marks.
Section B which carries maximum of 100 marks has two parts A and B.
candidates should attempt either of the two parts depending on their optional
subject
SECTION A (max marks 50)
A1 There is an overwhelming view that cross-subsidisation of passenger fare by

freight rate should be given up and there should be alignment of tariff with the
costs. How far our traffic costing system can be relied upon to take decisions in
such important aspect? Do you have any suggestions to make?
A2. What are financial ratios? Enumerate any three of them and examine their
applicability to railway working
A3. With the computerisation of accounts is should be possible to determine the
cost activity wise. Do you agree? What further measures are required to have
meaningful data?
A4. What is the meaning of life cycle costing? What are the areas where it can be
employed? Is it an improvement over the normal costing system?
Or
What is marginal costing? Explain the scope for adopting this concept for
maximising the intensity of use of railway assets
SECTION B
Important: This section contains two parts A and B. Either part A or part B should
be attempted by candidates depending on their choice of optional
Part A (TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS AND STATISTICS; ESTABLISHMENT)

Answer any three questions. All questions carry equal marks
BA 1. How effective is the internal check mechanism of passenger reservations

(PRS) and Advanced Railway Ticketing System (ARTS)? Is the system fool proof
and free from frauds?
BA2. The magnitude of outstanding under Traffic Suspense reflects the efficiency
of traffic accounts office. Discuss
BA3. (i) What are the important operating statistics relating to goods operations?
(ii) What is Specific Fuel Consumption? How it is computed for diesel and electric
traction?
BA 4 writes short notes on:
I. Workmen’s compensation
II. Transport allowance
III. Annual statistical statement No 40
IV. Operating ratio
V. Pension fund
BA 5. ‘Recommendation of V pay commission has thrown railway finances out of
gear do you agree?
Or
Elaborate the procedures of internal check of establishment claims in a
computerised environment as distinct from manual bills
PART B (GENERAL EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS, WORKSHOP, AND STORES

ACCOUNTS)
Answer any THREE questions. All questions carry equal marks

BB1. What are the latest instructions from Railway Board regarding (1) award of
contracts n single tender basis for execution of works and (2) post tender
negotiation?
BB2. Write short notes on:

(i) risk purchase
(ii) profroma on cost
(iii) “make” or “buy” decision
(iv) completion reports
(v) variation in quantities in a works contract
BB3. “The workshop out-turn statements truly and effectively reflect shop
activities and efficiency of workshops accounts office”. Discuss with particular
reference to checks to be exercised in the preparation of statement
BB4. How far stock verification can contribute to better material management?
What improvement, if any, would you suggest to make it more effective?
BB5. Explain the linkage between stores, WMS and Revenue Budget
BB6. There has been a spurt in the cases referred to for arbitration on this
railway. How far is this attributable to the recent changes in the arbitration act?
Are there deficiencies in contract formulation and management? Suggest
remedies.
Posted by gracemugil at 9:27 AM
SOUTHERN RAILWAY
11TH JUNE 2008
PAPER I
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & ENGLISH, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY:

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RAILWAYS. BOOKS AND BUDGET
INCLUDING TRAFFIC BOOK
Important this paper contains two sections – A B & C both sections have to be
answered section A carries 50 marks and section B carries 100 marks
SECTION A (MAX MARKS-50)
1. Write short notes on any two of the following (10 marks)
a) Narmada Bachao
b) VAT
c) Organ Transplant
d) Right to Information Act
2. Expand the following abbreviations ( 5 marks – ½ marks each)
a) LPG
b)CAT
c)PAC
d)SPV
e)ONGC
f) UPSC
g)SPCA
h) PERT
g) IMF
h) IRCTC
3. Explain the concept of Raj Bhasha how it is implemented in your office (Please
restrict your note to 250 words) 5 marks
4. Name the authors of the following books ( 5 marks)
a) God of Small Things
b) Malgudi Days
c) As You Like It
D) My Experiments With Truth
E) Arthashastra
F) Who Moved My Cheese
G) Anand Math
H) The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari
I) Discovery of India
J) Harry Potter and Order Of Phoenix
5. Fill in the blanks (5 marks)
a) Veni ______ vicci
b) A Stitch in time _____________ ____________
c) Ignorance is _____________
d) Rise and Fall of _________ __________
e) Few and ________ between
f) I came, I saw and I __________
g) Jai Jawan Jai ____________
h) A thing of ________ is a joy forever
i) if they don’t have bread let them ear ____________
j) a ___________ measures earthquake
6. Briefly explain the difference between the following (10 marks)

a) Fundamental rights and directive principles
b) bonafide and malafide
c) BOLT & BOT
d) Limited tender an d open tender
e) Concurrence and sanction
7. The following personalities have been newsworthy. Briefly state the reason
( 10 marks)
a) E Sreedharan
b) INDIRA Nooyi
c) Barack Obama
d) J K Rowling
e) Sunita Williams
f) Kiran Mazumdar Shaw
g) Dalai Lama
h) Ratan Tata
i) Asif Ali Sardari
j) Hillary Clinton
SECTION B MAX MARKS 100
This section contains two parts A & B Attempt four questions taking any two from
each
All questions carry equal marks of 25 each
1. What is the need for separate audit by representatives of comptroller and
auditor general with effective internal auditing within the system, can c& AG Audit
can be dispensed with discuss in detail giving pros and cons.
2. Write short notes on any five
a) Konkan Railway Corporation
b) Canons of Financial Propriety
c) Delegation of powers
d) reappropriations
e) Charged and voted expenditure
f) Railway Board
g) Dedicated freight corridor
3. In the present set up of Indian railways what are the different “FUNDS” In brief
describe the nature of each fund and their operation. Briefly discuss “CAPITAL
FUNDS”
4. How is the “operating ratio” calculated? What the limitations of this ratio in
assessing the financial viability of the railway. What are your suggestions to bring
down the operating ratio of Southern Railway?
5. “Railway finances were separated fro general finances primarily to secure

stability for civil estimates by providing for an assured contribution from railway
revenues and also to introduce flexibility in the administration of railway finances,
is this concept still relevant today. Discuss relative advantages and
disadvantages.
PART B
1. What is the purpose of “accounts office balance sheet. Briefly indicate the
nature of debit and credit entries. What action would be taken for realisation of
old outstanding?

a) Zero based budgeting
b) Suspense heads
c) Apportionment of earnings
d) M & P Programme
e) Approximate account current
f) Railway Act
3. What is “appropriation accounts” annexure J is an index of the efficiency of the
accounts department. Discuss how we can on southern railway minimise the
number of instances brought under annexure J
4. In the existing systems, the closure of accounts take considerable time. Even
then the booked expenditure do not reflect the actual and correct picture.
Critically examine the procedure of monthly, quarterly and annual closing and
give your suggestions for improving the existing system. Also indicates whether
approximate account current should continue
5. “Traditional Budgeting is functionally oriented and accounting oriented but not
result oriented. Zero based budgeting is an improvement over traditional
budgeting” dicusss this statement in detail in the context Indian railways and also
explain how zero based budget can be applied for revenue budget (i.e. working
expenses).

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
12TH JUNE 2008
PAPER II
TOTAL SIX QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED – TWO FROM PART I AND TWO
FROM PART II AND TWO FROM EITHER PART III A OR III B ALL QUESTIONS
CARRY EQUAL MARKS
PART I
FINANCIAL JUSTIFICATION FOR EXPENDITURE and TRAFFIC COSTING
(MAX MARKS 50) ATTEMPT ANY TWO OUT OF QUESTIONS 1 TO 4
1 In the context of railway operations, explain the cost of joint costs. What is the
basis on which such costs are apportioned among various services?
2. Write short notes on any five (maxi marks 5 each)
a.) Uneconomic Branch Lines
b.) Out of Turn Works
C) Special Limited Tenders
D) Throughput Enhanced Works
E) Terminal Charges
F) Orange Book and Pink Book
G) Specific Fuel Consumption
3. What is meant by productivity test and how it is applied to new projects? Do

they serve the purpose as intended?
4. Highlight the importance of Sensitivity Analysis in evaluating investment
proposals. How would you apply this to a proposal for a new line project?
PART II
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (MAX MARKS 50) ANSWER ANY TWO
QUESTIONS OUT OF QUESTIONS 5 TO 8
5. Define Break Even Analysis how it is calculated and what are the uses of
Break-Even Analysis as a management tool
6. Write short notes on any five:
a) Management Audit
B) Profit Volume Ratio
C) Wagon Turn Around
D) Variance Analysis
E) Net Tonne Kilometres
F) Standard Costing
7. What is meant by financial ratios illustrate any two ratios can operating ratio be
taken as a financial ratio give reasons
8. Discuss in detail the concept of performance of budgeting and its application in
railway working
PART III MAX MARKS 50

Important answer any two out of questions 9 to 12 or any two out of questions 13
to 16
PART III A
9. What is meant by apportionment of earnings how is it done in respect of goods
earnings of through traffic?
10. What is traffic suspense what are the items that constitute traffic suspense
give your suggestions to reduce traffic suspense on Southern Railway?
a) Leave Not Due
B) Staff Benefit Fund
C) Foreign Service Contribution
D) Supernumerary Post
E) Ex Gratia Payment
F) Special Casual Leave
12. (a) Briefly describe the organisational set up of the statistical department
And
(b) Define the following
i. Engine Hours
ii. Gross Tonne Kilometres
iii. Route Kilometres
iv. Occupation Ratio
PART III B
WORKSHOP STORES ACCOUNTS AND GENERAL EXPENDITURE
13. discuss how the POH of a Locomotive is worked out and explain how direct
and indirect costs are taken into accounts
14. (a) what is stock adjustment accounts
(b) What are the various items adjusted through this account
C. Who is the competent authority to sanction the clearance of balance under
this head
15. What are the essentials of a good inventory control system? Discuss ABC
analysis and its advantages
a) Completion Estimates and Completion Reports
B) Risk and Cost
C) Non-Schedule Items
D) Final Location Survey
E) Fall Clause
f) EFT and ECS
Posted by gracemugil at 7:34 AM 0 comments
Labels: QUESTIONS
LDCE QUESTIONS 2007
LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE 2007

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
14TH FEBRUARY 2007
PAPER I
Important this paper contains two sections – A & B. Both sections have to be
1. write a short essay on any of the following (10 marks)
a. If there is poverty anywhere, it affects prosperity every where.
b. Effect of information technology on employment – is it positive or negative?
c. Raj Bhasha policy implementation on IR
2. Expand the following abbreviations ( 5 marks – 0.5 marks)
a. GDP b. CDROM c. RVNL d.GPS e. LIBOR f. PSLV g. GSLV h. SEBI i. BOLT j.
ASEAN
3. Find the difference in meaning and usage of the following pairs of words( 5
marks)
a. effluent & affluent b. hallmark & bench mark c. jeans & genes d. affect & effect
e. interpret & interrupt
4. why have these persons been in the news ( 5 marks)
a. Dr Raja J Cheeliah b. Nawjot Singh Siddhu c. Wangari Maathai d. Mohammed
Ynus e. Shane Warne
5. give the name of the authors of these books (5 marks)
a. Search in Secret India b. Raja Tarangini c. The World is flat d. Ignited Minds e.
Savitri
6. where are the following situated ( 3 marks 0.5 marks )
a. Buland Darwaza b. Hawa Mahal c. RDSO d. Petronas Towers e. Rolland
Garros Ground f. Wax Museum of Madam Tussaud
7. Match the following ( 2 marks 0.5 marks)
Uber cup Cricket

China man Tennis
Check mate Badminton
Deuce chess
8. write a paragraph on any two of the following ( 4 marks each)
a. Dedicated Freight Corridor b. Ombudsman c. GM Crops d. Garib Rath
9. use the following in sentences of your own ( 6 marks 1 ½ marks each)
a. ultra wires b. de-novo c. suo-moto d. inter-alia
10. use the following idioms In your own sentences ( 5 marks)
a. bite the dust b. strike a balance c. in the same breath d. cast the first stone e.
pay through the nose
each
All questions carry equal marks
Part A
1. in a developing country like India on the threshold of the take-off, there is
always competing demands between remunerative tariffs and societal needs.
This calls of new ways of resource rising and innovative revenue measures.
Describe the recent steps taken by IR in the regard. Do you have any
suggestion?
2. the public accounts committee of parliament has repeatedly criticised the

increasing trend of misclassifications ain accounts and mistakes in budgeting.
Present an analysis of the causes for these problems. Suggest appropriate steps
to eliminate their recurrence
3. railways are at once a Govt dept and commercial enterprise. Discuss how the
twin-need of Govt and commercial accounting are satisfied in railway accounting
process. Discuss the issue of dividend payment to the central revenue in this
context.
4. write shot notes on any two of the following :
a. Integrated Budget b. Zero Based Budgeting c. Performance Budgeting d.
Corporate Plans
Part B
5. Raiwlay Board (FC) have recently appointed a committee to explore the
reasons for the delay in submission of monthly actual expenditure and also the
variations between the approximates and the actuals. From your angle, analyze
the causes for these delays and variations. Can the approximate be dispensed
with the actuals submitted at an earlier date? Suggest steps for this.
6. There is a plethora of suspense heads in railway accounting. Discuss the need
for continued operation of these suspense heads, specifically focussing on one
suspense head each from Earnings, revenue expenditure and works expenditure
7. Write short notes on the following
a. demands payable b. exchequer control c. SRS F d. Annual Debt head Report
8. What is the accounting mechanism for recording the traffic earnings of a
railway under various heads and their progressive realisation? Also describe the
procedure for the apportionment of traffic earnings amongst railways
ANSWER ANY TWO out of questions 9 to 12 or ANY TWO out of questions 13 to

16 (25 each)
PART III A TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS STATISTICS AND ESTABLISHMENT ( 50
MARKS)
9. do you agree with the statement the magnitude of outstanding under traffic
suspense reflects the efficiency of traffic accounts office? Discuss with your
suggestions to bring it to the optimal levels.
10. a. what are the various types of statistical information generated from a
goods invoice? Explain in detail how any three of them are calculated.
b. what is the reason for the continued difference between accounts office figures
and statistical figures in monthly earnings?
11. Write short notes on
a. leave not due b. recent changes in the haulage charges of postal traffic c.
scale check register d. combine train reports
12. Give significance of the following statistical results
a. wagon kilometres per wagon per day b. net tonne kilo meters c. occupation
ratio d. net tonne kilo meters per engine hour
Part III B WORKSHOP AND STORES ACCOUNTS AND GENERAL
EXPENDITURE
13. Elucidate
a. what are the constituent elements of workshop manufacturing suspense?
b. the objective and procedure for job costing in a railway workshop. How would
you take make or buy decision based on cost data?
14. write short notes on
a. VED b.repeat order c. stores exception reports d. transfer pricing
15. a. describe the various techniques used for reducing the material cost
through various stages in the purchase,storage, issue and disposal
b. how is inventory turn over ratio calculated? Can it be termed as a reliable
index of inventory management
16. discuss the management information system with special reference to

material management. Explain how the system helps the management in
decision making.

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
15TH FEBRUARY 2007
PAPER II
CARRY EQUAL MARKS
PART I
(MAX MARKS 50)
1. Describe the steps/stages involved in preparing a project report for new line
project, predominantly for carrying iron ore. How is the project-appraisal and
sensitivity analysis done for assessing the viability of the project? Assume your
own data
2. Answer the following

a. there is a section of opinion which holds that cross-subsidisation in fares
between passenger and goods in railways should be abandoned and the fare
structure should align costs with tariff. Does the present traffic costing system
provide adequate and reliable data to discuss the opinion?
b. discuss the methodologies of costing EMU services
3. Discuss any three of the following in brief

a. social cost benefit analysis b. specific fuel consumption c. apportionment of
joint costs d. green book e. two packet system of tendering f. risk and cost tender
4. Railways need alternative sources for plan expenditure. Discuss the schemes
like BOLT, BOT and projects under PPP in furthering this purpose.
PART II MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ( Max marks 50)

5. Explain the concept and utility of financial ratio analysis. Discuss the use of at
least four ratios to assess the comparative performance of a railway in different
periods as well as with other railways
6.
a. discuss cost volume-profit analysis . Describe the utility of break-even analysis
for profit planning, continue or drop a product, make or buy decisions etc
b. zenith company manufactures a special cement which is sold in bags of 20
kgs its financial data is given below
Selling price per bag: Rs. 30.00
Variable cost per bag: Rs 16.00
Fixed cost : Rs 100000.00
Quantity : 3000 bags
Calculate the following
a. Break even quantity
b. Assume 10 % increase in fixed cost and calculate the new break even point
c. Assume 50 % increase in fixed cost and calculate the new break even point
d. Assume increase in variable cost to Rs 20 per bag and calculate the new
break even point
7. write short notes on any three of the following
a. variance analysis b. fund flow analysis c. AFRES d. PERT
8. what is meant by Product Life Cycle Costing? Also explain the purpose of the
same. What step you would recommend to reduce the life cycle cost in a railway
production unit?
Labels: QUESTIONS
LDCE QUESTIONS 2003

MAY 2003
PAPER I
PART I GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & ENGLISH
1. Expand the following abbreviations ( 5 marks half marks each)
a) BCCI
b) KRCL
c) RITES
d) IRSSE
e) GNP
f) MFN
g) CCRS
h) FEMA
i) CD-ROM
j) IVRS
2. Name the following (5 marks each half marks each)
a) First Indian woman to win an Olympic medal
b) General manager, southern railway
c) Chairman railway board
d) Mixed doubles’ champions of Australian open 2003
e) Venue of Olympics 2004
f) Currency of Bangladesh
g) Firs president of India
h) Batsman to score the fastest century in cricket world cup
i) The author of the column “with malice towards one and all”
j) Secretary of state USA
3. In which cities would you find the following ( 5 marks half marks each)
a) Leaning Tower
b) Statue Of Liberty
c) Lotus Temple
d) Hutatma Chowk
e) Louvers Museum
f) ‘Petronas’ Towers
g) Gate Way Of India
h) Popes’ Residence
i) Vidhan Soudha
j) Wimbledon
4. Match the following ( 3 marks half mark each)
1. rugby a. castle
2. golf b. pole position
3. motor racing c. deuce
4. chess d. little slam
5. tennis e. eagle
6. contract bridge f. touch down
5. Name the authors of the following books ( 2 marks half mark each)
a) Interpreter Of Maladies
b) Discovery Of India
c) A Suitable Boy
d) Madhushala
6. What are the following ( 3 marks half mark each)
a) East coast railway head quarters
b) Rail coach factory
c) Diesel component works
d) Garden reach
e) Baroda house
f) IRIATT
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
8. USE THE FOLLOWING to bring out the difference in meaning ( 5 marks 1
mark each)
a) Bear and bare
b) Lose and loose
c) Break and brake
d) Severe and persevere
e) Genes and jeans
9. use the following in your own sentences ( 10 marks 1 mark each)
a) Suo moto
b) Fight shy of
c) De facto
d) Let sleeping dogs lie
e) Lingua franca
f) Take to heart
g) Ad infinitum
h) At the eleventh hour
i) Par excellence
j) Laughing stock
10. Write a para of not more than SIX sentences on ANY TWO of the following
(10 marks 5 marks each)
a) Child is the father of the man
b) There is many a slip between the cup and the lip
c) Brevity is the soul of wit
PART II GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING (50 marks)
11. Write briefly about the various funds now in operation in Indian railways (10)
12. Answer ANY TWO of the following (20 each)
a) Trace briefly the various stages from survey to completion report of a new line
b) Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following
1. appropriation accounts
2. misc advance revenue
3. productivity test
c) Distinguish between ANY TWO of the following
1. Operating ratio and PEI
2. TC and JV
3. Sundry earnings and miscellaneous earnings
PART III BOOKS & BUDGET (INCLUDING TRAFFIC BOOK) (50 MARKS)
13. What steps would you suggest to reduce cash handling by railway (10)
14. Answer ANY TWO of the following
a) How are the earnings apportioned between zonal railways? Is apportionment
necessary?
b) Distinguish between approximate and actual account current. Is it necessary
to prepare both?
c) What are the various components of traffic suspense? How can we control
each of them?
PAPER II
SIX QUESTIONS ARE TO ANSWERED (TWO FROM PART I TWO FROM

PART II AND TWO FROM EITHER PART III A OR PART III B) (each question
carries 25 marks)
Part I FINANCIAL JUSTIFICATION AND TRAFFIC COSTING ( 50 MARKS)
1. How are Suburban cost worked out in the railway? Is the methodology
adequate?
2. write short notes on ANY THREE of the following
a. urgency certificate
b. debits under demand no 9
c. material modification
d. wagon turn round
3. if the route between Madurai and Tutucorin is to electrified how will you work
out the justification? What are the major data required?
PART II MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (50 MARKS)
4. What are the various sources of non-traditional earnings that have been and
can be exploited by railways? Comment on the success or failure of the efforts to
southern railway in this area in 2001-02 and 2002-03
5. What is ratio analysis? Discuss any two major ratios used in railways vis-à-vis
companies
6. Discuss the use of computers in railway financial management. What are the
areas that should be covered in computerised financial management information
system?
ANSWER ANY TWO out of questions 7, 8 and 9 or ANY TWO out of questions
0,11 and 12 (25 each)
PART III A TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS STATISTICS AND ESTABLISHEMENT ( 50
MARKS)
7. Introduction of PRS, ARTS machines and other modernisations hve led to
newer types of frauds. What steps can be taken by traffic accounts office and
TIAs to detect these frauds? Illustrate your answer with at least two types of
frauds
8. Write shot notes on ANT THREE of the following
a) LPC
b) Combined/joint train report
c) NTKM
d) Classification of commodities
e) Leave not due
9. How would you check the following proposals?
a. station to station rate for moving sponge iron
b. proposal under volume discount scheme
c. opening of a halt station
PART III B WORKSHOP &STORES AND GENERAL EXPENDITURE (50 marks)

10 a. explain the concept of part estimates
b. is there any need for accounts office to vet tender schedule in works tenders?
Write in detail bringing out Board’s orders on the subject
11. Write short notes on ANY THREE of the following
a) Turnover ratio
b) Letter of credit
c) Basic schedule of rates
d) Material at site accounts
12 how are POH debits settled between two zonal railways? What are the
reasons or wide variation in POH costs in different workshops and what can be
done to bring about uniformity?
Labels: QUESTIONS
MONDAY, OCTOBER 05, 2009
LDCE QUESTIONS 2001

14th June 2001
PAPER I
iii. Malgudi days
iv. Das capital
i. Ranji trophy
ii. Durand cup
iii. Rangaswamy cup
iv. Thomas cup

i. Poll – pole
ii. Adept – adapt



vi. Amortization

PART B
detail

&/&/&/
WWW

15th June 2001
PAPER II
subject

meaningful data?
Or
SECTION B

traction?
IV. Operating ratio
V. Pension fund
gear do you agree?
Or

ACCOUNTS)

negotiation?

(i) risk purchase
remedies.
Labels: QUESTION PAPER
LDCE QUESTIONS 1996

6th September 1996
PAPER I
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND ENGLISH; GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
TO RAILWAYS; BOOKS AND BUDGET INCLUDING TRAFFIC BOOK
Important: this paper contains two sections A and B. both the sections have to be
answered. Section A carries 50 maximum, and section B carries 100 marks
SECTION A
GK1. Expand the abbreviations in any five 5 marks
a) CTBT
b) ICRISAT
c) NABARD
d) ECAFE
e) PSLV
f) WTO
g) SEBI
h) MAT
i) ILO
j) BIFR
GK2. (I) Write short notes on any five 10 marks
a) Alamatti Dam
b) CHIPKO Movement
c) Medha Patkar
d) Damodhar Valley Corporation
e) Vote On Account
f) Atlanta
g) Solar Energy
Or
(ii) Write the main features of the official language Act 1963 (Act 19 of 1963)
GK3. Write a note in not more than 200 words on any one of the following 15
marks
a) Public sector disinvestment programme
b) Amarnath yatra
c) SAARC
GK 4. Fill up the blanks with suitable preposition 5 marks
Coming back _______ the Eastern Railway, operations were _____ its peak
efficiency and ____ February and March 1969, _____ loading figures ____ coal
and general goods set new records. ___ far ____ general goods loading is
concerned the figures obtained _____ those months have never been reached
subsequently.
GK 5. Name the authors of the following books 5 marks
a) Discovery of India
b) My experiments with truth
c) Passage to India
d) As you like it
e) Ivanhoe
GK 6. What is common to the following railway stations from the point of view of
fast travel 5 marks
Lucknow, Kalka, Amritsar, Dehardun, Bhopal, Bokaro, Ahmedabad, and
Bangalore
GK 7. Name the four highest civilian awards given in our country naming atleast
two recipients of the highest award 5 marks
SECTION B (MAXIMUM MARKS 100)

two from each part. All questions carry equal marks of 25
PART A
BA 1. What are the various instruments through which the Indian railway finance
corporation raises funds? How are these deposited to meet the capital
requirement of railways ? how does the Indian railways discharge its liability to
the corporation?
BA 2. write short notes on any four
a) Amortisation
b) Capital Fund
c) Railway Fare And Freight Enquiry Committee
d) Activity Based Costing
e) BOLT Schemes
f) Budgetary Reports
BA3. What are the various committees of parliament relating to railway financial
performance? Explain in detail the working of any one of the committees
BA4. “In the wake of economic reforms and liberalisation policies Indian railway’s
system and procedures require fundamental change” discuss
BA 5. (a) What is the purpose of different funds in the set up of the existing
railway’s financial system?
(b) What are the implications in financial terms and nature of justification between
charging of works to capital fund and capital-at-charge?
PART B
BB 1. What do you understand by zero based budget? How is this improvement
over the conventional system of budgeting in railways?
BB2. Explain the present system of remittance of earnings into government
account. What are your suggestions for improving the promptness of accountal?
BB3. How is the earnings budget of a railway formulated? What is the usefulness
of various statistical data in this exercise?
BB4. Within the appropriations voted by parliament, relays should be free to
prioritise their investments on works, rolling stock and machinery and plant. Do
you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
BB5. The present system of closing of accounts and transfer adjustments delay
the availability of accounting information for decision making. What are the areas
in which this can be improved upon?

7th September 1996
PAPER II
FINANCIAL JUSTIFICATION FOR EXPENDITURE AND TRAFFIC COSTING:
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING, TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS AND STATISTICS:
ESTABLISHMENT (OR) GENERAL EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS WORKSHOP
AND STORES ACCOUNTS
answered. Section A is compulsory for all candidates and carries 50 marks
maximum
Section B which carries 100 marks maximum has two parts A and B. candidates
should attempt either of the two papers depending on their optional subjects.
Section A maximum marks 50

A – 1. what do you understand by “life-cycle” costing? What are the important
areas where it can be employed? How is it an improvement over the normally
known costing system?
A – 2. what is meant by financial ratios? Enumerate any three of them. Can the
operating ratio be considered as a financial ratio? Give reasons for your answer
A – 3. a work costing Rs 75 Lakhs and not included in the sanctioned budget is
required to be executed urgently. What is the procedure to be followed in the
zonal railway before the work can be commenced?
A- 4. in regard to goods traffic what is the traffic costing information available?
How are they helpful in investment formulation?
Section B
Important: this section contains two part A & B. either part A or Part B should be
attempted by candidates depending on their choice of optional. Each part
contains a maximum of 100 marks.
Part A Traffic accounts and statistics establishment
Answer any three questions
BA 1. What is the impact and consequential changes on the traffic accounts
office due to introduction of passenger reservation system (PRS) and advanced
railway ticketing system (ARTS)? Has this contributed to the efficiency of internal
check?
BA 2. Write short notes on
a) Cash in transit
b) Leave not due
c) Ex- Gratia bonus
d) Demands recoverable
e) Charges for haulage of postal traffic
BA 3. What are the types of statistical information generated from a goods
invoice? Explain in detail how any three of them are calculated.
BA 4. How far can the procedure relating to internal check in the accounts code
be dispensed with in respect of computer prepared pay bills?
BA 5. The performance of the accounts dept in recovering dues to the
administration from the employees requires improvement. Can you suggest any
system improvement?
Part B General Expenditure accounts workshop and stores accounts
BB1. Higher inventory levels are preferable to “out of stock” situations. What are
the economic and financial implications?
BB2 what are the existing safe guards for effective control over expenditure? Can
you suggest any improvement?
BB 3. What do you understand by the “two envelope system” in a works tender?
How is this an improvement over the existing open tender system?
BB4. The existing system of incentive payment encourages inefficiency and
dilutes quality. Can you suggest any alternative system to improve productivity in
the workshops?
BB 5. an item was simultaneously ordered on two sources after an open tender –
A at Rs 2.00 per unit and B at Rs 2.05 per unit. B completes his supply within the
delivery period of 90 days and A fails to even commence supply. In this back
ground a proposal is received from the COS for enhancing the quantity on B,
arguing that the item is regularly required and stocks will last only 15 days. B is
agreeable for the enhancement. What will be your recommendations on the
proposal? Give reasons for your answer.
Labels: QUESTION PAPER
LDCE QUESTIONS 1994

MAY 1994
PAPER I
GENERAL KNOWLDEDGE AND ENGLISH; GENERAL PRICIPLES OF
GOVERNEMNT ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
answered. Section A carries 50 maximutm, and section B carries 100 marks
SECTION A (Max marks 50)
i. GATT
ii. IMF
iii. ANC
iv. ASEAN
v. SLV
vi. NPT
vii. CAT
viii. RBI
ix. ADB
x. UPSC
GK 2. Write short note on any five 10 marks
i. Isobar
ii. Dunkel
iii. Territorial waters
iv. Wind farms
v. Bosania
vi. Telugu ganga
vii. Nelson Mandela
viii. Yasser Arafat
ix. Narmada project
x. Hazarat bal mosque
GK 3. Match the following 5 marks
i. Lara a. Jhansi
ii. Rabindranath Tagore b. Atomic Energy
iii. Lakshmi Bai c. Cricket
iv. Homi Baba d. Chess
v. Anand e. Geethanjali
GK 4. Use any five of the following pairs of words in sentences of your own 10
marks
i. coarse – course vi. Prey - pray
ii. wise - vice vii. Brake - break
iii. call – cavail viii. Tall – toll
iv. rain – rein ix. Foil - fail
v. sell - cell x. Naval – Novel
GK 5. Fill up the blank with suitable prepositions 5 marks

The absence _____ census data is taken advantage of ____ various persons
____ each state ____boost the estimates _______ persons speaking their
language.
GK 6. Write a note in not more than 250 words one of the following 10 marks
a. national literacy programme
b. rail road coordination
c. public sector undertaking
GK 7. Give one word for any five of the following 5 marks
i. one who sells flowers
ii. doctor treating children
iii. specialist in heart disease
iv. documents issued by authority to its citizens who wants to travel abroad
v. the presiding authority over Lok Sabha who generally conducts its proceedings
vi. one who writes dramas
vii. the highest point of a mountain
viii. a person who knows a number of languages
ix. science dealing with study of animals and birds
SECTION B
This section contains two parts A and B. Attempt any four questions taking any
PART A
BA 1. Discuss the committee system introduced for ________ of the budget and
examine whether this in any way rendered any of other already existing
instrument/procedure for financial control of railway by parliament redundant.
BA 2. What is the purpose of different “funds” in the set up of existing financial
system of railways? Has there been any change in the last two years? Discuss
the pros and cons of the change if any
BA 3. In what way the present set up and systems and procedures in railway
help or hinder the railway in coping with the recent liberalisation policy initiated by
the Government? Discuss
BA 4. Write short notes on any four
a. Railway Convention Committee
b. Plan Heads
c. Indian Railway Finance Corporation
d. Konkan Railway Corporation
e. Canons Of Financial Propriety
BA 5. What is the need for separate audit by representatives of the Comptroller
and Auditor General? With more effective organisation or internal auditing
system can it be dispensed with? Discuss
PART B
BB 1. Do you consider the present procedure method of assessing earnings
effective and realistic? Suggest any improvements / innovations you feel
necessary
BB 2. How far the principles of zero based budgeting and management
accounting been adopted I n railway in assessing the requirement as also
reasonableness and need of inputs and analysis and presentation? Discuss
BB 3. “The present system of monitoring and accountal of remittance of earnings
is not effective In preventing frauds”. Discuss. Do you suggest any procedural
changes?
BB 4. “The present procedure of apportionment of earnings and expenditure is
not fair to the southern railway with limited lead”. Discuss
BB 5. Discuss whether it is necessary to have Annual Works Programme, and
M&P as at present? What are the alternatives/improvements you would suggest
and why?

May 1994
PAPER II
AND STORES ACCOUNTS
maximum

Attempt any two questions. Each questing carries 25 marks
A – 1. How far the present traffic costing been effective in determining
realistically the financial viability of introduction of new trains/augmentation of
service?
A – 2. “Traffic costing like statistics is often used not for enlightenment in taking
correct decision but for supporting decisions one wants to take”. How far is this
statement well founded or unfounded. Discuss with specific cases if any
illustrating your stand.
A – 3. How often the principle of marginal costing used in capturing / retaining the
customer while protecting and furthering the financial interest of railways?
Illustrate
A – 4. How far the principle of zero based assessment of inputs and innovation in
management accounting principles utilised to further the objective of change over
to unigauge system? Discuss.
SECTION B
be attempted by candidates depending on their choice of optional Each part
contains a maximum of 100 marks

BA – 1. How far the present method of compilation and presentation of statistical
data helped in effective management decision and control on railway?
BA – 2. Division as profit center knows its expenditure and not its earnings. How
far divisionalisation of traffic accounts help in ensuring effective informed
participation nad mobilisation in bettering the financial performance of the
division?
BA – 3. Has the computerisation of reservation system helped in improving the
earnings, effecting analysis of passenger profile to maximise the
earnings/utilisation of seats, plug loopholes? Discuss the effectiveness of
passenger reservation system (PRS) and advance railway ticketing
system(ARTS) introduced in current booking.
BA – 4. Write Short Notes On
a. Firms Credit Notes (FCNs)
b. Special Casual Leave
c. National Holiday
d. Wage Period
e. Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB)
BA – 5. Discuss the present method of accountal and recovery of advances and
dues like festival advances, diet charges, electricity charges from the staff.
Discuss whether the system for recovery is effective and suggest any
improvement felt necessary
BA – 6. What are the steps you would suggest to control the expenditure on
establishment – which has almost doubled over the last few years – for improving
the competitiveness of the railways and its viability?
PART B (GENERAL EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS AND WORKSHOP AND
STORES ACCOUNTS)

BB – 1. Is risk purchase effective in our system? If not why not and what is the
procedural/policy correctives you would suggest?
BB -2. With the cost of finance the inventory carriage is increasingly becoming
costly. How can railways reduce inventory without compromising on
effectiveness of its service and also ensure economy?
BB - 3. Discuss the effectiveness of prevailing system of incentive payment in
railway workshop. How is it an instrument for improving productivity with quality
commensurate with investment for modernisation of the workshop?
BB – 4. How far the system of purchase through open tenders ensured quality
with economy and reliability? Should railway change over to a system of
identifying reliable suppliers with long term commitment in the interest of
ensuring quality and reliability?
BB – 5. is the present procedure/method of planning , procuring and inducting
machines as replacement or for modernisation cost effective? What are the
improvements you suggest to ensure the investments slim, strictly need based
and improvement is productivity commensurate with investment is ensured?
BB – 6. There is growing feeling that “we should better privatise, better buy than
make”. Why is this so? What role can stores and workshop accounts play to
rationalise and ensure “makes”, more attractive than “buys” and reverse the
trend?
LDCE QUESTIONS 1994

MAY 1994
PAPER I
GENERAL KNOWLDEDGE AND ENGLISH; GENERAL PRICIPLES OF
GOVERNEMNT ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
answered. Section A carries 50 maximutm, and section B carries 100 marks
SECTION A (Max marks 50)
i. GATT
ii. IMF
iii. ANC
iv. ASEAN
v. SLV
vi. NPT
vii. CAT
viii. RBI
ix. ADB
x. UPSC
GK 2. Write short note on any five 10 marks
i. Isobar
ii. Dunkel
iii. Territorial waters
iv. Wind farms
v. Bosania
vi. Telugu ganga
vii. Nelson Mandela
viii. Yasser Arafat
ix. Narmada project
x. Hazarat bal mosque
GK 3. Match the following 5 marks
i. Lara a. Jhansi
ii. Rabindranath Tagore b. Atomic Energy
iii. Lakshmi Bai c. Cricket
iv. Homi Baba d. Chess
v. Anand e. Geethanjali
GK 4. Use any five of the following pairs of words in sentences of your own 10
marks
i. coarse – course vi. Prey - pray
ii. wise - vice vii. Brake - break
iii. call – cavail viii. Tall – toll
iv. rain – rein ix. Foil - fail
v. sell - cell x. Naval – Novel
GK 5. Fill up the blank with suitable prepositions 5 marks

The absence _____ census data is taken advantage of ____ various persons
____ each state ____boost the estimates _______ persons speaking their
language.
GK 6. Write a note in not more than 250 words one of the following 10 marks
a. national literacy programme
b. rail road coordination
c. public sector undertaking
GK 7. Give one word for any five of the following 5 marks
i. one who sells flowers
ii. doctor treating children
iii. specialist in heart disease
iv. documents issued by authority to its citizens who wants to travel abroad
v. the presiding authority over Lok Sabha who generally conducts its proceedings
vi. one who writes dramas
vii. the highest point of a mountain
viii. a person who knows a number of languages
ix. science dealing with study of animals and birds
SECTION B
This section contains two parts A and B. Attempt any four questions taking any
PART A
BA 1. Discuss the committee system introduced for ________ of the budget and
examine whether this in any way rendered any of other already existing
instrument/procedure for financial control of railway by parliament redundant.
BA 2. What is the purpose of different “funds” in the set up of existing financial
system of railways? Has there been any change in the last two years? Discuss
the pros and cons of the change if any
BA 3. In what way the present set up and systems and procedures in railway
help or hinder the railway in coping with the recent liberalisation policy initiated by
the Government? Discuss
BA 4. Write short notes on any four
a. Railway Convention Committee
b. Plan Heads
c. Indian Railway Finance Corporation
d. Konkan Railway Corporation
e. Canons Of Financial Propriety
BA 5. What is the need for separate audit by representatives of the Comptroller
and Auditor General? With more effective organisation or internal auditing
system can it be dispensed with? Discuss
PART B
BB 1. Do you consider the present procedure method of assessing earnings
effective and realistic? Suggest any improvements / innovations you feel
necessary
BB 2. How far the principles of zero based budgeting and management
accounting been adopted I n railway in assessing the requirement as also
reasonableness and need of inputs and analysis and presentation? Discuss
BB 3. “The present system of monitoring and accountal of remittance of earnings
is not effective In preventing frauds”. Discuss. Do you suggest any procedural
changes?
BB 4. “The present procedure of apportionment of earnings and expenditure is
not fair to the southern railway with limited lead”. Discuss
BB 5. Discuss whether it is necessary to have Annual Works Programme, and
M&P as at present? What are the alternatives/improvements you would suggest
and why?

May 1994
PAPER II
AND STORES ACCOUNTS
maximum

Attempt any two questions. Each questing carries 25 marks
A – 1. How far the present traffic costing been effective in determining
realistically the financial viability of introduction of new trains/augmentation of
service?
A – 2. “Traffic costing like statistics is often used not for enlightenment in taking
correct decision but for supporting decisions one wants to take”. How far is this
statement well founded or unfounded. Discuss with specific cases if any
illustrating your stand.
A – 3. How often the principle of marginal costing used in capturing / retaining the
customer while protecting and furthering the financial interest of railways?
Illustrate
A – 4. How far the principle of zero based assessment of inputs and innovation in
management accounting principles utilised to further the objective of change over
to unigauge system? Discuss.
SECTION B
be attempted by candidates depending on their choice of optional Each part
contains a maximum of 100 marks

BA – 1. How far the present method of compilation and presentation of statistical
data helped in effective management decision and control on railway?
BA – 2. Division as profit center knows its expenditure and not its earnings. How
far divisionalisation of traffic accounts help in ensuring effective informed
participation nad mobilisation in bettering the financial performance of the
division?
BA – 3. Has the computerisation of reservation system helped in improving the
earnings, effecting analysis of passenger profile to maximise the
earnings/utilisation of seats, plug loopholes? Discuss the effectiveness of
passenger reservation system (PRS) and advance railway ticketing
system(ARTS) introduced in current booking.
BA – 4. Write Short Notes On
a. Firms Credit Notes (FCNs)
b. Special Casual Leave
c. National Holiday
d. Wage Period
e. Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB)
BA – 5. Discuss the present method of accountal and recovery of advances and
dues like festival advances, diet charges, electricity charges from the staff.
Discuss whether the system for recovery is effective and suggest any
improvement felt necessary
BA – 6. What are the steps you would suggest to control the expenditure on
establishment – which has almost doubled over the last few years – for improving
the competitiveness of the railways and its viability?
PART B (GENERAL EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS AND WORKSHOP AND
STORES ACCOUNTS)

BB – 1. Is risk purchase effective in our system? If not why not and what is the
procedural/policy correctives you would suggest?
BB -2. With the cost of finance the inventory carriage is increasingly becoming
costly. How can railways reduce inventory without compromising on
effectiveness of its service and also ensure economy?
BB - 3. Discuss the effectiveness of prevailing system of incentive payment in
railway workshop. How is it an instrument for improving productivity with quality
commensurate with investment for modernisation of the workshop?
BB – 4. How far the system of purchase through open tenders ensured quality
with economy and reliability? Should railway change over to a system of
identifying reliable suppliers with long term commitment in the interest of
ensuring quality and reliability?
BB – 5. is the present procedure/method of planning , procuring and inducting
machines as replacement or for modernisation cost effective? What are the
improvements you suggest to ensure the investments slim, strictly need based
and improvement is productivity commensurate with investment is ensured?
BB – 6. There is growing feeling that “we should better privatise, better buy than
make”. Why is this so? What role can stores and workshop accounts play to
rationalise and ensure “makes”, more attractive than “buys
LDCE QUESTIONS 1996

6th September 1996
PAPER I
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND ENGLISH; GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
answered. Section A carries 50 maximum, and section B carries 100 marks
SECTION A
a) CTBT
b) ICRISAT
c) NABARD
d) ECAFE
e) PSLV
f) WTO
g) SEBI
h) MAT
i) ILO
j) BIFR
GK2. (I) Write short notes on any five 10 marks
a) Alamatti Dam
b) CHIPKO Movement
c) Medha Patkar
d) Damodhar Valley Corporation
e) Vote On Account
f) Atlanta
g) Solar Energy
Or
(ii) Write the main features of the official language Act 1963 (Act 19 of 1963)
GK3. Write a note in not more than 200 words on any one of the following 15
marks
a) Public sector disinvestment programme
b) Amarnath yatra
c) SAARC
GK 4. Fill up the blanks with suitable preposition 5 marks
Coming back _______ the Eastern Railway, operations were _____ its peak
efficiency and ____ February and March 1969, _____ loading figures ____ coal
and general goods set new records. ___ far ____ general goods loading is
concerned the figures obtained _____ those months have never been reached
subsequently.
GK 5. Name the authors of the following books 5 marks
a) Discovery of India
b) My experiments with truth
c) Passage to India
d) As you like it
e) Ivanhoe
GK 6. What is common to the following railway stations from the point of view of
fast travel 5 marks
Lucknow, Kalka, Amritsar, Dehardun, Bhopal, Bokaro, Ahmedabad, and
Bangalore
GK 7. Name the four highest civilian awards given in our country naming atleast
two recipients of the highest award 5 marks
SECTION B (MAXIMUM MARKS 100)

two from each part. All questions carry equal marks of 25
PART A
BA 1. What are the various instruments through which the Indian railway finance
corporation raises funds? How are these deposited to meet the capital
requirement of railways ? how does the Indian railways discharge its liability to
the corporation?
BA 2. write short notes on any four
a) Amortisation
b) Capital Fund
c) Railway Fare And Freight Enquiry Committee
d) Activity Based Costing
e) BOLT Schemes
f) Budgetary Reports
BA3. What are the various committees of parliament relating to railway financial
performance? Explain in detail the working of any one of the committees
BA4. “In the wake of economic reforms and liberalisation policies Indian railway’s
system and procedures require fundamental change” discuss
BA 5. (a) What is the purpose of different funds in the set up of the existing
railway’s financial system?
(b) What are the implications in financial terms and nature of justification between
charging of works to capital fund and capital-at-charge?
PART B
BB 1. What do you understand by zero based budget? How is this improvement
over the conventional system of budgeting in railways?
BB2. Explain the present system of remittance of earnings into government
account. What are your suggestions for improving the promptness of accountal?
BB3. How is the earnings budget of a railway formulated? What is the usefulness
of various statistical data in this exercise?
BB4. Within the appropriations voted by parliament, relays should be free to
prioritise their investments on works, rolling stock and machinery and plant. Do
you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
BB5. The present system of closing of accounts and transfer adjustments delay
the availability of accounting information for decision making. What are the areas
in which this can be improved upon?

7th September 1996
PAPER II
AND STORES ACCOUNTS
maximum

A – 1. what do you understand by “life-cycle” costing? What are the important
areas where it can be employed? How is it an improvement over the normally
known costing system?
A – 2. what is meant by financial ratios? Enumerate any three of them. Can the
operating ratio be considered as a financial ratio? Give reasons for your answer
A – 3. a work costing Rs 75 Lakhs and not included in the sanctioned budget is
required to be executed urgently. What is the procedure to be followed in the
zonal railway before the work can be commenced?
A- 4. in regard to goods traffic what is the traffic costing information available?
How are they helpful in investment formulation?
Section B
Important: this section contains two part A & B. either part A or Part B should be
attempted by candidates depending on their choice of optional. Each part
contains a maximum of 100 marks.
Part A Traffic accounts and statistics establishment
Answer any three questions
BA 1. What is the impact and consequential changes on the traffic accounts
office due to introduction of passenger reservation system (PRS) and advanced
railway ticketing system (ARTS)? Has this contributed to the efficiency of internal
check?
BA 2. Write short notes on
a) Cash in transit
b) Leave not due
c) Ex- Gratia bonus
d) Demands recoverable
e) Charges for haulage of postal traffic
BA 3. What are the types of statistical information generated from a goods
invoice? Explain in detail how any three of them are calculated.
BA 4. How far can the procedure relating to internal check in the accounts code
be dispensed with in respect of computer prepared pay bills?
BA 5. The performance of the accounts dept in recovering dues to the
administration from the employees requires improvement. Can you suggest any
system improvement?
Part B General Expenditure accounts workshop and stores accounts
BB1. Higher inventory levels are preferable to “out of stock” situations. What are
the economic and financial implications?
BB2 what are the existing safe guards for effective control over expenditure? Can
you suggest any improvement?
BB 3. What do you understand by the “two envelope system” in a works tender?
How is this an improvement over the existing open tender system?
BB4. The existing system of incentive payment encourages inefficiency and
dilutes quality. Can you suggest any alternative system to improve productivity in
the workshops?
BB 5. an item was simultaneously ordered on two sources after an open tender –
A at Rs 2.00 per unit and B at Rs 2.05 per unit. B completes his supply within the
delivery period of 90 days and A fails to even commence supply. In this back
ground a proposal is received from the COS for enhancing the quantity on B,
arguing that the item is regularly required and stocks will last only 15 days. B is
agreeable for the enhancement. What will be your recommendations on the
proposal? Give reasons for your answer
LDCE QUESTIONS 2001

14th June 2001
PAPER I
iii. Malgudi days
iv. Das capital
i. Ranji trophy
ii. Durand cup
iii. Rangaswamy cup
iv. Thomas cup

i. Poll – pole
ii. Adept – adapt



vi. Amortization

PART B
detail

&/&/&/
WWW

15th June 2001
PAPER II
subject

meaningful data?
Or
SECTION B

traction?
IV. Operating ratio
V. Pension fund
gear do you agree?
Or

ACCOUNTS)

negotiation?

(i) risk purchase
remedies.
LDCE QUESTIONS 2003

MAY 2003
PAPER I
PART I GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & ENGLISH
1. Expand the following abbreviations ( 5 marks half marks each)
a) BCCI
b) KRCL
c) RITES
d) IRSSE
e) GNP
f) MFN
g) CCRS
h) FEMA
i) CD-ROM
j) IVRS
2. Name the following (5 marks each half marks each)
a) First Indian woman to win an Olympic medal
b) General manager, southern railway
c) Chairman railway board
d) Mixed doubles’ champions of Australian open 2003
e) Venue of Olympics 2004
f) Currency of Bangladesh
g) Firs president of India
h) Batsman to score the fastest century in cricket world cup
i) The author of the column “with malice towards one and all”
j) Secretary of state USA
3. In which cities would you find the following ( 5 marks half marks each)
a) Leaning Tower
b) Statue Of Liberty
c) Lotus Temple
d) Hutatma Chowk
e) Louvers Museum
f) ‘Petronas’ Towers
g) Gate Way Of India
h) Popes’ Residence
i) Vidhan Soudha
j) Wimbledon
4. Match the following ( 3 marks half mark each)
1. rugby a. castle
2. golf b. pole position
3. motor racing c. deuce
4. chess d. little slam
5. tennis e. eagle
6. contract bridge f. touch down
5. Name the authors of the following books ( 2 marks half mark each)
a) Interpreter Of Maladies
b) Discovery Of India
c) A Suitable Boy
d) Madhushala
6. What are the following ( 3 marks half mark each)
a) East coast railway head quarters
b) Rail coach factory
c) Diesel component works
d) Garden reach
e) Baroda house
f) IRIATT
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
8. USE THE FOLLOWING to bring out the difference in meaning ( 5 marks 1
mark each)
a) Bear and bare
b) Lose and loose
c) Break and brake
d) Severe and persevere
e) Genes and jeans
9. use the following in your own sentences ( 10 marks 1 mark each)
a) Suo moto
b) Fight shy of
c) De facto
d) Let sleeping dogs lie
e) Lingua franca
f) Take to heart
g) Ad infinitum
h) At the eleventh hour
i) Par excellence
j) Laughing stock
10. Write a para of not more than SIX sentences on ANY TWO of the following
(10 marks 5 marks each)
a) Child is the father of the man
b) There is many a slip between the cup and the lip
c) Brevity is the soul of wit
PART II GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING (50 marks)
11. Write briefly about the various funds now in operation in Indian railways (10)
12. Answer ANY TWO of the following (20 each)
a) Trace briefly the various stages from survey to completion report of a new line
b) Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following
1. appropriation accounts
2. misc advance revenue
3. productivity test
c) Distinguish between ANY TWO of the following
1. Operating ratio and PEI
2. TC and JV
3. Sundry earnings and miscellaneous earnings
PART III BOOKS & BUDGET (INCLUDING TRAFFIC BOOK) (50 MARKS)
13. What steps would you suggest to reduce cash handling by railway (10)
14. Answer ANY TWO of the following
a) How are the earnings apportioned between zonal railways? Is apportionment
necessary?
b) Distinguish between approximate and actual account current. Is it necessary
to prepare both?
c) What are the various components of traffic suspense? How can we control
each of them?
PAPER II
SIX QUESTIONS ARE TO ANSWERED (TWO FROM PART I TWO FROM

PART II AND TWO FROM EITHER PART III A OR PART III B) (each question
carries 25 marks)
Part I FINANCIAL JUSTIFICATION AND TRAFFIC COSTING ( 50 MARKS)
1. How are Suburban cost worked out in the railway? Is the methodology
adequate?
2. write short notes on ANY THREE of the following
a. urgency certificate
b. debits under demand no 9
c. material modification
d. wagon turn round
3. if the route between Madurai and Tutucorin is to electrified how will you work
out the justification? What are the major data required?
PART II MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (50 MARKS)
4. What are the various sources of non-traditional earnings that have been and
can be exploited by railways? Comment on the success or failure of the efforts to
southern railway in this area in 2001-02 and 2002-03
5. What is ratio analysis? Discuss any two major ratios used in railways vis-à-vis
companies
6. Discuss the use of computers in railway financial management. What are the
areas that should be covered in computerised financial management information
system?
ANSWER ANY TWO out of questions 7, 8 and 9 or ANY TWO out of questions
0,11 and 12 (25 each)
PART III A TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS STATISTICS AND ESTABLISHEMENT ( 50
MARKS)
7. Introduction of PRS, ARTS machines and other modernisations hve led to
newer types of frauds. What steps can be taken by traffic accounts office and
TIAs to detect these frauds? Illustrate your answer with at least two types of
frauds
8. Write shot notes on ANT THREE of the following
a) LPC
b) Combined/joint train report
c) NTKM
d) Classification of commodities
e) Leave not due
9. How would you check the following proposals?
a. station to station rate for moving sponge iron
b. proposal under volume discount scheme
c. opening of a halt station
PART III B WORKSHOP &STORES AND GENERAL EXPENDITURE (50 marks)

10 a. explain the concept of part estimates
b. is there any need for accounts office to vet tender schedule in works tenders?
Write in detail bringing out Board’s orders on the subject
11. Write short notes on ANY THREE of the following
a) Turnover ratio
b) Letter of credit
c) Basic schedule of rates
d) Material at site accounts
12 how are POH debits settled between two zonal railways? What are the
reasons or wide variation in POH costs in different workshops and what can be
done to bring about uniformity?
LDCE QUESTIONS 2007

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
14TH FEBRUARY 2007
PAPER I
Important this paper contains two sections – A & B. Both sections have to be
1. write a short essay on any of the following (10 marks)
a. If there is poverty anywhere, it affects prosperity every where.
b. Effect of information technology on employment – is it positive or negative?
c. Raj Bhasha policy implementation on IR
2. Expand the following abbreviations ( 5 marks – 0.5 marks)
a. GDP b. CDROM c. RVNL d.GPS e. LIBOR f. PSLV g. GSLV h. SEBI i. BOLT j.
ASEAN
3. Find the difference in meaning and usage of the following pairs of words( 5
marks)
a. effluent & affluent b. hallmark & bench mark c. jeans & genes d. affect & effect
e. interpret & interrupt
4. why have these persons been in the news ( 5 marks)
a. Dr Raja J Cheeliah b. Nawjot Singh Siddhu c. Wangari Maathai d. Mohammed
Ynus e. Shane Warne
5. give the name of the authors of these books (5 marks)
a. Search in Secret India b. Raja Tarangini c. The World is flat d. Ignited Minds e.
Savitri
6. where are the following situated ( 3 marks 0.5 marks )
a. Buland Darwaza b. Hawa Mahal c. RDSO d. Petronas Towers e. Rolland
Garros Ground f. Wax Museum of Madam Tussaud
7. Match the following ( 2 marks 0.5 marks)
Uber cup Cricket

China man Tennis
Check mate Badminton
Deuce chess
8. write a paragraph on any two of the following ( 4 marks each)
a. Dedicated Freight Corridor b. Ombudsman c. GM Crops d. Garib Rath
9. use the following in sentences of your own ( 6 marks 1 ½ marks each)
a. ultra wires b. de-novo c. suo-moto d. inter-alia
10. use the following idioms In your own sentences ( 5 marks)
a. bite the dust b. strike a balance c. in the same breath d. cast the first stone e.
pay through the nose
each
Part A
1. in a developing country like India on the threshold of the take-off, there is
always competing demands between remunerative tariffs and societal needs.
This calls of new ways of resource rising and innovative revenue measures.
Describe the recent steps taken by IR in the regard. Do you have any
suggestion?
2. the public accounts committee of parliament has repeatedly criticised the

increasing trend of misclassifications ain accounts and mistakes in budgeting.
Present an analysis of the causes for these problems. Suggest appropriate steps
to eliminate their recurrence
3. railways are at once a Govt dept and commercial enterprise. Discuss how the
twin-need of Govt and commercial accounting are satisfied in railway accounting
process. Discuss the issue of dividend payment to the central revenue in this
context.
4. write shot notes on any two of the following :
a. Integrated Budget b. Zero Based Budgeting c. Performance Budgeting d.
Corporate Plans
Part B
5. Raiwlay Board (FC) have recently appointed a committee to explore the
reasons for the delay in submission of monthly actual expenditure and also the
variations between the approximates and the actuals. From your angle, analyze
the causes for these delays and variations. Can the approximate be dispensed
with the actuals submitted at an earlier date? Suggest steps for this.
6. There is a plethora of suspense heads in railway accounting. Discuss the need
for continued operation of these suspense heads, specifically focussing on one
suspense head each from Earnings, revenue expenditure and works expenditure
7. Write short notes on the following
a. demands payable b. exchequer control c. SRS F d. Annual Debt head Report
8. What is the accounting mechanism for recording the traffic earnings of a
railway under various heads and their progressive realisation? Also describe the
procedure for the apportionment of traffic earnings amongst railways
ANSWER ANY TWO out of questions 9 to 12 or ANY TWO out of questions 13 to

16 (25 each)
PART III A TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS STATISTICS AND ESTABLISHMENT ( 50
MARKS)
9. do you agree with the statement the magnitude of outstanding under traffic
suspense reflects the efficiency of traffic accounts office? Discuss with your
suggestions to bring it to the optimal levels.
10. a. what are the various types of statistical information generated from a
goods invoice? Explain in detail how any three of them are calculated.
b. what is the reason for the continued difference between accounts office figures
and statistical figures in monthly earnings?
11. Write short notes on
a. leave not due b. recent changes in the haulage charges of postal traffic c.
scale check register d. combine train reports
12. Give significance of the following statistical results
a. wagon kilometres per wagon per day b. net tonne kilo meters c. occupation
ratio d. net tonne kilo meters per engine hour
Part III B WORKSHOP AND STORES ACCOUNTS AND GENERAL
EXPENDITURE
13. Elucidate
a. what are the constituent elements of workshop manufacturing suspense?
b. the objective and procedure for job costing in a railway workshop. How would
you take make or buy decision based on cost data?
14. write short notes on
a. VED b.repeat order c. stores exception reports d. transfer pricing
15. a. describe the various techniques used for reducing the material cost
through various stages in the purchase,storage, issue and disposal
b. how is inventory turn over ratio calculated? Can it be termed as a reliable
index of inventory management
16. discuss the management information system with special reference to

material management. Explain how the system helps the management in
decision making.

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
15TH FEBRUARY 2007
PAPER II
CARRY EQUAL MARKS
PART I
(MAX MARKS 50)
1. Describe the steps/stages involved in preparing a project report for new line
project, predominantly for carrying iron ore. How is the project-appraisal and
sensitivity analysis done for assessing the viability of the project? Assume your
own data
2. Answer the following

a. there is a section of opinion which holds that cross-subsidisation in fares
between passenger and goods in railways should be abandoned and the fare
structure should align costs with tariff. Does the present traffic costing system
provide adequate and reliable data to discuss the opinion?
b. discuss the methodologies of costing EMU services
3. Discuss any three of the following in brief

a. social cost benefit analysis b. specific fuel consumption c. apportionment of
joint costs d. green book e. two packet system of tendering f. risk and cost tender
4. Railways need alternative sources for plan expenditure. Discuss the schemes
like BOLT, BOT and projects under PPP in furthering this purpose.
PART II MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ( Max marks 50)

5. Explain the concept and utility of financial ratio analysis. Discuss the use of at
least four ratios to assess the comparative performance of a railway in different
periods as well as with other railways
6.
a. discuss cost volume-profit analysis . Describe the utility of break-even analysis
for profit planning, continue or drop a product, make or buy decisions etc
b. zenith company manufactures a special cement which is sold in bags of 20
kgs its financial data is given below
Selling price per bag: Rs. 30.00
Variable cost per bag: Rs 16.00
Fixed cost : Rs 100000.00
Quantity : 3000 bags
Calculate the following
a. Break even quantity
b. Assume 10 % increase in fixed cost and calculate the new break even point
c. Assume 50 % increase in fixed cost and calculate the new break even point
d. Assume increase in variable cost to Rs 20 per bag and calculate the new
break even point
7. write short notes on any three of the following
a. variance analysis b. fund flow analysis c. AFRES d. PERT
8. what is meant by Product Life Cycle Costing? Also explain the purpose of the
same. What step you would recommend to reduce the life cycle cost in a railway
production unit?
LDCE QUESTIONS 2008

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
11TH JUNE 2008
PAPER I

Important this paper contains two sections – A B & C both sections have to be
1. Write short notes on any two of the following (10 marks)
a) Narmada Bachao
b) VAT
c) Organ Transplant
d) Right to Information Act
2. Expand the following abbreviations ( 5 marks – ½ marks each)
a) LPG
b)CAT
c)PAC
d)SPV
e)ONGC
f) UPSC
g)SPCA
h) PERT
g) IMF
h) IRCTC
3. Explain the concept of Raj Bhasha how it is implemented in your office (Please
restrict your note to 250 words) 5 marks
4. Name the authors of the following books ( 5 marks)
a) God of Small Things
b) Malgudi Days
c) As You Like It
D) My Experiments With Truth
E) Arthashastra
F) Who Moved My Cheese
G) Anand Math
H) The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari
I) Discovery of India
J) Harry Potter and Order Of Phoenix
5. Fill in the blanks (5 marks)
a) Veni ______ vicci
b) A Stitch in time _____________ ____________
c) Ignorance is _____________
d) Rise and Fall of _________ __________
e) Few and ________ between
f) I came, I saw and I __________
g) Jai Jawan Jai ____________
h) A thing of ________ is a joy forever
i) if they don’t have bread let them ear ____________
j) a ___________ measures earthquake
6. Briefly explain the difference between the following (10 marks)

a) Fundamental rights and directive principles
b) bonafide and malafide
c) BOLT & BOT
d) Limited tender an d open tender
e) Concurrence and sanction
7. The following personalities have been newsworthy. Briefly state the reason
( 10 marks)
a) E Sreedharan
b) INDIRA Nooyi
c) Barack Obama
d) J K Rowling
e) Sunita Williams
f) Kiran Mazumdar Shaw
g) Dalai Lama
h) Ratan Tata
i) Asif Ali Sardari
j) Hillary Clinton

each
All questions carry equal marks of 25 each
1. What is the need for separate audit by representatives of comptroller and
auditor general with effective internal auditing within the system, can c& AG Audit
can be dispensed with discuss in detail giving pros and cons.
a) Konkan Railway Corporation
b) Canons of Financial Propriety
c) Delegation of powers
d) reappropriations
e) Charged and voted expenditure
f) Railway Board
g) Dedicated freight corridor
3. In the present set up of Indian railways what are the different “FUNDS” In brief
describe the nature of each fund and their operation. Briefly discuss “CAPITAL
FUNDS”
4. How is the “operating ratio” calculated? What the limitations of this ratio in
assessing the financial viability of the railway. What are your suggestions to bring
down the operating ratio of Southern Railway?
5. “Railway finances were separated fro general finances primarily to secure

stability for civil estimates by providing for an assured contribution from railway
revenues and also to introduce flexibility in the administration of railway finances,
is this concept still relevant today. Discuss relative advantages and
disadvantages.
PART B
1. What is the purpose of “accounts office balance sheet. Briefly indicate the
nature of debit and credit entries. What action would be taken for realisation of
old outstanding?

a) Zero based budgeting
b) Suspense heads
c) Apportionment of earnings
d) M & P Programme
e) Approximate account current
f) Railway Act
3. What is “appropriation accounts” annexure J is an index of the efficiency of the
accounts department. Discuss how we can on southern railway minimise the
number of instances brought under annexure J
4. In the existing systems, the closure of accounts take considerable time. Even
then the booked expenditure do not reflect the actual and correct picture.
Critically examine the procedure of monthly, quarterly and annual closing and
give your suggestions for improving the existing system. Also indicates whether
approximate account current should continue
5. “Traditional Budgeting is functionally oriented and accounting oriented but not
result oriented. Zero based budgeting is an improvement over traditional
budgeting” dicusss this statement in detail in the context Indian railways and also
explain how zero based budget can be applied for revenue budget (i.e. working
expenses).

SOUTHERN RAILWAY
12TH JUNE 2008
PAPER II
CARRY EQUAL MARKS
PART I
(MAX MARKS 50) ATTEMPT ANY TWO OUT OF QUESTIONS 1 TO 4
1 In the context of railway operations, explain the cost of joint costs. What is the
basis on which such costs are apportioned among various services?
2. Write short notes on any five (maxi marks 5 each)
a.) Uneconomic Branch Lines
b.) Out of Turn Works
C) Special Limited Tenders
D) Throughput Enhanced Works
E) Terminal Charges
F) Orange Book and Pink Book
G) Specific Fuel Consumption
3. What is meant by productivity test and how it is applied to new projects? Do

they serve the purpose as intended?
4. Highlight the importance of Sensitivity Analysis in evaluating investment
proposals. How would you apply this to a proposal for a new line project?
PART II
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (MAX MARKS 50) ANSWER ANY TWO
QUESTIONS OUT OF QUESTIONS 5 TO 8
5. Define Break Even Analysis how it is calculated and what are the uses of
Break-Even Analysis as a management tool
6. Write short notes on any five:
a) Management Audit
B) Profit Volume Ratio
C) Wagon Turn Around
D) Variance Analysis
E) Net Tonne Kilometres
F) Standard Costing
7. What is meant by financial ratios illustrate any two ratios can operating ratio be
taken as a financial ratio give reasons
8. Discuss in detail the concept of performance of budgeting and its application in
railway working
PART III MAX MARKS 50

Important answer any two out of questions 9 to 12 or any two out of questions 13
to 16
PART III A
9. What is meant by apportionment of earnings how is it done in respect of goods
earnings of through traffic?
10. What is traffic suspense what are the items that constitute traffic suspense
give your suggestions to reduce traffic suspense on Southern Railway?
a) Leave Not Due
B) Staff Benefit Fund
C) Foreign Service Contribution
D) Supernumerary Post
E) Ex Gratia Payment
F) Special Casual Leave
12. (a) Briefly describe the organisational set up of the statistical department
And
(b) Define the following
i. Engine Hours
ii. Gross Tonne Kilometres
iii. Route Kilometres
iv. Occupation Ratio
PART III B
WORKSHOP STORES ACCOUNTS AND GENERAL EXPENDITURE
13. discuss how the POH of a Locomotive is worked out and explain how direct
and indirect costs are taken into accounts
14. (a) what is stock adjustment accounts
(b) What are the various items adjusted through this account
C. Who is the competent authority to sanction the clearance of balance under
this head
15. What are the essentials of a good inventory control system? Discuss ABC
analysis and its advantages
a) Completion Estimates and Completion Reports
B) Risk and Cost
C) Non-Schedule Items
D) Final Location Survey
E) Fall Clause
f) EFT and ECS
APRIL 15, 2010
SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR APP IREM 3A
TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS
1. Traffic book and its parts
2. Cash in transit/stores in transit
3. Elements of passenger classification
4. Objects of traffic accounts office
5. Role of TIAs in preventing leakage of revenue
6. Accounts office balance sheet
7. Traffic suspense
8. Dynamic pricing policy
9. FOIS
10. COIS
11. UTS -
12. Sundry earnings
13. Journey of traffic earnings from station to cash office and accounts at
RBI/Nagpur
14. Apportionment of traffic earnings
15. Terminal charges
16. Pilgrim tax
17. Non issued ticket NI statement
18. Traffic classification
19. Wagon turn round
20. Withdrawal from station earnings
21. Various types of frauds
22. Maintenance of ROB/RUB
23. Way lease charges
GENERAL EXPENDITURE
1. Surveys
2. Estimates: A. Check Of Estimates
3. Tenders- Global, LT, SLT, ST,
4. Contracts And Agreements
5. Measurement Book
6. Contractor’s Ledger And Check Of Contractor’s Bills
7. Works Registers And Revenue Allocation Registers
8. Material At Site Accounts
9. Deposit Works
10. Sidings – Private
11. Maintenance Of Land And Buildings
12. Completion Report
13. Objectionable Item Register
14. Labour Pay Sheets
15. Initial Records At XEN’s Office
16. Duties Of Works Accountant
17. Revised Classification
18. Various Funds – Capital, OLWR, DRF, DF , CF, RSF, SRSF
19. Parliamentary Control Over Expenditure
20. material modification
GENERAL EXPENDITURE SHORT NOTES

1. Feasibility Report
2. Techno Economic Survey
3. Departmental Expenditure
4. Divisional Schedule Of Rates
5. Financial Propriety
6. Late And Delayed Tender
7. Tender Committee
8. Terminal Tax
9. Earnest Money Deposit And Security Deposit
10. Deposit Miscellaneous Receipts / Expenditure
11. Muster Sheet
12. Completion Statement
13. Exchequer Control
14. Final Financial Review
15. August Review
16. Revised Estimate
17. Final Modification
18. Final Grant
19. Demands For Grants
20. Budget Order
21. Works Programme
22. Pink Book
23. Ballast
24. Buffer Stock
25. differentiate between want of estimate/excess over estimates
26. Differentiate between want of sanction/excess over sanction
27. Performance guarantee bonds
28. Bank guarantee
BOOKS
1. Distinguish between appropriation accounts and approximate accounts
2. Plan heads and revenue heads
3. Revenue and Capital PUs
4. Various funds in railways DRF, DF OLW-R, Capital and Capital fund
5. Differentiate DATC/DATD and TWFA
6. Remittance transactions and transfer transactions
7. RBI and PSB suspense
8. Features of Focal Point
9. Reconciliation of Cheques and bills
10. Deposits
11. Suspense heads for revenue, capital, traffic, workshop, stores and gen
accounts
12. Annexure to appropriation accounts – what is annexure J
13. Internal audit and audit checking
14. Apportionment of earnings
15. Demands for grants 03-13, 1-2, 14-16
16. Allocation structure – capital and revenue
17. Parliamentary control
18. Structure of Govt accounts
19. Link heads between finance and commercial accounts
20. Half yearly arrear report
21. Debt head report
22. Debit/credit scroll
23. Appropriation accounts and Annexure to
24. Focal point
25. Link cell
26.
BUDGET
1. Distinguish between gross budget and net budget
2. Performance budget and the performance units
3. Integrated budget, deficit budget
4. ZBB
5. Capital budgeting in railways – RSP,FWP and M&P
6. Financial reviews
7. August review
8. FM/Final Modification
9. Budget grant
10. Proportionate budget grant
11. SL/ISL
12. Controllable PUs
13. Budget order
14. Cash estimates/requirement/cash authorization/
15. Cash budgeting
16. COPPY
17. RE/BE
18. Revised estimates/revised grant
19. Operating ratio
20. Voted and charged expenditure
21. PEI
STORES ACCOUNTS
1. ABC analysis
2. Inventory control
3. Stock verification
4. Stock adjustment accounts
5. Purchase accounts
6. Stores suspense
7. LC opening
8. MAC –
9. Computerization of stores accounts
10. Purchase order/ indent/stock and non stock
11. Types of tenders
12. Distinguish late and delayed tender
13. Role of finance member in stores tender committee
14. Purchase policy
15. Survey committee
16. Combined receipt cum issue note
17. EOT
18. Sources of supply
19. How the tender system has ensured the transparency in Govt transactions?
20. Turn over ration
21. LD
22. EMD and SD
23. SFC
24. EAR/AAC Quantity vetting
25. DGS&D and import policy
26. AIC
27. CFI
28. FOR destination
29. Receipt note
30. Lorry challans
31. Surplus stores/ dead surplus
32. Rate / running contract
33. Minima and maxima
WORKSHOP ACCOUNTS
1. GA Cards Tally sheets – time Records SN
2. Reconciliation of time records with financial records
3. Job costing
4. On costs general on cost, shop on cost and proforma on cost
5. Role PCO and allowed time in workshops
6. AHR - SN
7. Labour suspense - SN
8. What is a work order? Essential features of WO system types of work orders
9. List out the various documents related to production in shops
10. Make or buy decision in railway workshop
11. WMS debit / credit sides, how to keep it efficient
12. Out turn statements are the monthly progress card of a workshop
13. Accountal of labour and stores in the WGR SN
14. Compare CLW and CRS patterns of incentive schemes
15. Modernization, ISO, Total Quality control, green licensing
16. Idle time - SN
17. Costing system for POH, production and process
18. RCS of Loco POH
19. Batch costing in Production Units - SN
ESTABLISHMENT
1. LPC
2. MOD
3. OI REGISTER
4. Elements of internal check
5. Cadre/lien
6. BOS
7. Scale check register
8. FSC
9. Railway recoveries and non Railway Bodies (NRB)
10. Civil grants (HBA, MCA, Cycle, fan)
11. Staff cost on deputation
12. PRIME and AFRES
PENSION & SETTLEMENT
1. Qualifying service
2. Dies non
3. DCRG
4. Family pension
5. Enhanced family pension
6. Exgratia pension
7. NPS wef1.04.2004
8. PPO/PPA
9. RELHS
10.
Introduction
Material Management is concerned with providing the drugs, supplies and equipment
needed by health personnel to deliver health services. The right drugs, supplies and
equipment must be at the right place, at the right time, and in the right quantity in order
that health personnel deliver health services. Without proper material health personnel
cannot work effectively, they feel frustrated and the community lacks confidence in the
health services and unless appropriate materials are provided in proper time and are
required quantity, productivity of personnel will not be up to expectation.
Inventory control
Inventory control it is an important aspect of material management. If the level of

inventories goes up the carrying charges also increase but the procurement cost
decreases. On the other hand, if we have a smaller inventory, turn-over is greater
requiring lesser carrying charges but more of procurement costs, as orders have to be
repeated more often. By inventory control we could find out the optimum quantities to be
stocked so that the two costs, and therefore the total costs are kept at the minimum.
Inventory control is basically a scientific system which indicates as to what to order,

when to order, and how much to order, and how much to stock so that purchasing costs
and storing costs are kept as low as possible.
ABC analysis
ABC analysis is the analysis of the store items cost criteria. It is a simple approach,
which avoids being penny wise and pound foolish. Of the various techniques, ABC
classification is the most important technique. The cost of each item is multiplied by the
number used in a given period and then these items are tabulated in descending
numerical value order. It will be seen that first 10% of items approximately account for
70%, the next 20% for 20% of value and the last 70% account for 10% of value.
It has been seen that a large number of items consume only a small percentage of
resources and vice- versa. A – Items represent the high cost centre, B items represent
the immediate cost centres, and C- items represent low cost centres. A very close
control is exercised over A items while less stringent control is adequate for those in the
category B, and less attention for category C.
By concentrating on controlling A- items, and to a lesser degree on B items, it will be

possible to control the inventory quiet effectively both in the way of cost control and
lessening the risk of ‘stock out’. Since A items are of the highest value and are required
in large numbers they could be purchased more frequently and the others, B & C items
less frequently. In so far as inventory control is concerned the following guidelines will
help in keeping the system optimum (i.e. Healthy balance between financial constraints
and purchase of required quantity of materials)
A- Items: on
1. Tight controls
2. Rigid estimates of requirements
3. Strict and close watch ( monitoring)
4. Safety stocks should be low
5. Management of items should be done at top management level.
B- Items
1. Moderate control
2. Purchase based on rigid requirements
3. Reasonably strict watch and control
4. Safety stocks moderate
5. Management be done at middle level
C- Items
1. Ordinary control measure

2. Purchase based on usage estimates
3. Controls exercises by store keeper.
4. Safety stocks high
5. Management be done at lower levels.
Rate of consumption:
Close study of each item from the point of view of movement of store or consumption
rate is a strong tool for proper inventory control. The items can be classified into:
1. Fast moving
2. Slow moving
3. Non- moving
4. Obsolete
An understanding of the movement of items helps to keep proper levels of inventories by

deciding a rational policy or reordering. This method is based on the fact that some stock
items have a much higher annual usage value than others. This after doing a cost
analysis, stock items are separated into three classes with the following characteristics.
Class Number of items Rupee value in items
A 10% of total items 70%
B 20% of total items 20%
C 70% of total items 10%
Steps in computing A-B-C analysis: procedure of A-B-C analysis
• First we are trying to prepare a list of items and calculate their annual usage in
rupees. This can be obtained by multiplying the quantity ( number of units) of the
item consumed in one year by its unit price.
• Arranging all these items in the descending order of their individual dosage in
rupees. That means the first item in the list will now show the maximum annual
usage in rupees, the second item the second maximum, the third item the third
maximum and so on. After having done this the total of annual usage in rupees is
put at the bottom of the list.
• Those items which together form about 70% of the total annual usage may be
total annual usage may be categorized as A items. Similarly. Items which
contribute the next 20 to 25 % of the aggregate are listed as B items. The rest
which contributes 5 to 10% of the total percentage of annual usage are called C
items.
• Placing of the orders on the basis of this classification.
Example: The company has 10 items mentioned in the table .
Table: 1 A-B-C analysis usage in rupees
Items Annual Unit cost in Annual usage Ranking

usage rupees
units Rs: (2)×(3)
1 2 3 4 5
101 20,000 0.25 5000 4
102 30,000 0.20 6000 3
103 10,000 0.10 1000 6
104 500 0.30 150 9
105 50,000 0.20 10000 2
106 8000 .05 400 8
107 60,000 0.40 24000 1
108 700 1.00 700 7
109 9000 0.50 4500 5
110 50 2.00 100 10

Total Rs: 51,850
Table :1 shows a representative ABC analysis where 10 items have been studied and
annual usage extended by unit cost to get annual usage in rupees.
Table: 2 A-B-C ranking
Ranking Item Annual Cumulative Cumulative Category

usage annual percentage
Rs. usage Rs.
1 107 24000 24000 46.28 A
2 105 10000 34000 65.57 A
3 102 6000 40000 77.14 B
4 101 5000 45000 86.78 B
5 109 4500 49500 95.47 C
6 103 1000 50500 97.39 C
7 108 700 51200 98.14 C
8 106 400 51600 99.51 C
9 104 150 51750 99.81 C
10 110 100 51850 100.00 C
Table 2 shows the ranking and assignment of A, B and C categories of items.
Table 3: Summary of A-B-C analysis:
Class Item % of Rs: (per Cumulative

items group) percentage of
Rs.
A 107,105 20 34000 65.57
B 102,101 20 11000 21.21
C 109,103,104 60 6850 13.22
106,108,110
Table 3 shows a summary ABC analysis showing that 20% of the items represent 65.57
% of annual usage 20 percent of the item represent 21.21% of annual usage and 60% of
the items represent only 13.22 % of annual usage.
A items are ordered more frequently and I small quantities ( i.e. few weeks
requirements) while C items are ordered just once or twice a year to obtain the entire
year’s requirement. Without A-B C analysis, the ordering policy of an undertaking may
be to order all items once a quarter and position would be somewhat represented by:
TABLE 4
Table 4:
Category No. of Annual Quantity Average
orders requirement ordered inventory
per in Rs: each time in Rs.
year in rupees
A 4 40,000 10000 5000
B 4 4000 1000 500
C 4 400 100 50
TOTAL 5550
The average total inventory in the above case is 5550 and adding 20% carrying cost the
total inventory cost works out to be 5550+ 1110= Rs: 6660. Now , if A-B-C analysis is
applied the ordering policy would be different , thought the total number of orders placed
during the year is the same as before.
Category No. of Annual Quantity Average

orders requirement ordered inventory
per in Rs: each time in Rs.
year in rupees
A 10 40,000 4000 2000
B 5 4000 800 400
C 1 400 400 200

TOTAL 2600
Average total inventory is now Rs: 2600 and adding 20% inventory carrying cost the total
inventory cost works out to be 2600+ 520= 3120, which is 3540 lower than the
corresponding cost in the first instance.
VED ANALYSIS
ABC analysis does not tell anything about the criticality of the items. This is an important
variant in patient care services. Based on the estimation of the time length for which non
availability can be tolerated, there are three categories. The stores when subjected to
analysis based on their criticality can be classified into vital, essential and desirable
stores. This analysis is termed as VED analysis.
1. Vital: items without which treatment comes to standstill: i.e. non- availability can
not be tolerated.
2. Essential: items whose non availability can be tolerated for 2-3 days, because
similar or alternative items are available.
3. Desirable: items whose non availability can be tolerated for a long period.
Although the proportion of vital, essential and desirable items varies from hospital
to hospital depending on the type and quantity of workload, on an average vital
items are 10%, essential items are 40% and desirable items make 50% of total
items available.
Although not included in scientific VED analysis, in some public organizations which are
static or inefficiently managed, there is a peculiar category of ‘U’ items which can be
grouped as unnecessary. These unnecessary items get purchased due to the following
reasons.
a) Thoughtless continuation of previous purchase.
b) Indifferent attitude towards hospital formulary
c) Fear of change
d) Poor supervision and control
e) Unfair practice due to vested interest.
The vital items are stocked in abundance; essential items are stocked in medium
amounts, and desirable items we stocked in small amounts. By stocking the items in
order of priority, vital and essential items are always in stock which means a minimum
disruption in the services offered to the people.
It should be realized that vital- V items and A items are not the same. All the vital items
are not expensive and all the expensive items are not vital. Domestic examples of salt
and matchbox proves that though these items are vital, they are not expensive, similarly
microwave oven and air conditioning unit are expensive, but they are not essential.
It is possible to conduct a two dimensional analysis taking into consideration cost on one
hand , i.e. A,B,C categories, and critically VED on the other. Findings of ABC and VED
analysis can be coupled and further grouping can be done to evolve a priority system of
management of stores:
Coupling matrix model
Cat I Cat II Cat III
V E D
A Av Ae Ad
B Bv Be Bd
C Cv Ce Cd
An example for the coupling matrix model for equipment between criticality and cost
V E D
H Defibrillator X-ray machine Air- curtains
1 2 3
M Ventilator Electric cautery Ultrasonic wash
machine
4 5
6
L Oxygen regulator Patient trolley Electronic BP
machine
7 8
9
NB: 1-9 is cell no Matrix module: criticality Vs cost
• Cell 1 contains vital and high cost items like defibrillator. It must be noted that a
material manager has to comprehensively supervise category 1 items since an
item may be a low cost one but critical for patient care. ( oxygen regulator)
• Category I items: these items are the most important ones and require control by
the administrator himself.
• Category II items: these items are of intermediate importance and should be
under control of the officer in charge of the stores.
• Category III items: these items are of least importance which can be left under
the control of the store keeper.
• The grouping will essentially depend upon the strategy of management and the
environment of functioning. However these simple techniques can be effective in
material management system.
• Items with high criticality (V), but required in small quantity (A) should receive
highest priority. Items with low criticality (D) and which are required in big
quantity should receive least priority.
Conclusion
A thorough understanding and use of the techniques of materials management would

help in ordering the supplies when needed, controlling their use, keeping them safely
and in working order, and also motivating the personnel in the best use of equipment
and drugs. This also prevents chances of non availability of equipments and drugs as
being out of stock of these reduces the usefulness of the hospital system.
References:
1. Kulkarni G R. Managerial accounting for hospitals. Mumbai: Ridhiraj enterprise;

2003.
2. Ghei P N. Selected reading in hospital administration. New Delhi: Indian hospital
association. 1990.
3. Pai P. Effective hospital management.( 2 nd edn). Mumbai: the national book
depot; 2003
4. Kumar R& Goel SL. Hospital administration and management. Vol 1 ( first
edn).New Delhi: Deep & deep publications;
5. Gupta S& Kanth S. Hospital stores management, an integrated approach.( First
edn). New Delhi: Jaypee brothers; 2004.
6. Basavanthappa B T. Nursing administration. ( Ist edn). Newdelhi: Jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p) ltd; 20
How to do FSN/FNS analysis
By doing FSN analysis materials can be classified

based on their movement from inventory for a
specified period. Items are classified based on
consumption and average stay in the inventory.
Higher the stay of item in the inventory, the slower
would be the movement of the material
F – Fast Moving
S- Slow Moving
N- Non moving
Sometimes the terms FNS is also being used,
where
F – Fast Moving
N- Normal Moving
S- Slow Moving
There following steps in doing the FSN analysis
Calculation of average stay and the consumption

rate of the material in warehouse
FSN Classification of materials based on average
stay in the inventory
FSN Classification of the material based on
consumption rate
Finally classifying based on above FSN analysis.
Process
Let’s take 10 materials for analysis. Following is the
analysis of SKU01. Period of analysis is 15 days
Calculation of consumption rate and average stay of
the material in the inventory
Opening Balance : 50
Average stay of the material = Cumulative No of Inventory Holding Days/( Total

quantity received + Opening Balance) =1161/115 =10.09 Days
Consumption Rate = Total Issue Qty/Total Period Duration =46/15 =3.06

Nos/Day
Now list down the materials with average stay and consumption rate
Now Carry out the FSN analysis on the basis of Average Stay only as below in
MS Excel as below by sorting down in descending order of Average stay. Every
company has its policy for defining FSN . Here FSN has been taken as F--10%,
S-20%, and N -70%
Now carry out the FSN classification only on the basis of consumption rate
similarly as above
Now carry out final classification by combining both as under
mm
Pareto principle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The term "Pareto principle" can also refer to Pareto efficiency.
The Pareto principle (also known as the 80-20 rule,[1] the law of the vital few, and the
principle of factor sparsity) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects
come from 20% of the causes.[2][3]
Business management thinker Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it
after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who observed in 1906 that 80% of the land in
Italy was owned by 20% of the population; he developed the principle by observing that
20% of the pea pods in his garden contained 80% of the peas.[3]
It is a common rule of thumb in business; e.g., "80% of your sales come from 20% of
your clients". Mathematically, where something is shared among a sufficiently large set
of participants, there must be a number k between 50 and 100 such that "k% is taken by
(100 − k)% of the participants". The number k may vary from 50 (in the case of equal
distribution, i.e. 100% of the population have equal shares) to nearly 100 (when a tiny
number of participants account for almost all of the resource). There is nothing special
about the number 80% mathematically, but many real systems have k somewhere around
this region of intermediate imbalance in distribution.
The Pareto principle is only tangentially related to Pareto efficiency, which was also
introduced by the same economist. Pareto developed both concepts in the context of the
distribution of income and wealth among the population.

Ldce Questions 2001

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ldce Questions 2001

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LDCE QUESTIONS 2001

LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE

GK 6 Use the following pairs of words in sentences of your own

SECTION B max marks 100

BA 2 how is parliamentary control over railway’s finances exercised? What is the

BA 3 writes short notes on ANY FOUR

BA 5 what is the role of statutory audit on the Indian railways? Is it possible to

BB5 physical performance and financial results do not go in tandem so far as

LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE

SECTION A (max marks 50)

A1 There is an overwhelming view that cross-subsidisation of passenger fare by

Part A (TRAFFIC ACCOUNTS AND STATISTICS; ESTABLISHMENT)

BA 1. How effective is the internal check mechanism of passenger reservations

PART B (GENERAL EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS, WORKSHOP, AND STORES

Answer any THREE questions. All questions carry equal marks

BB2. Write short notes on:

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & ENGLISH, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY:

6. Briefly explain the difference between the following (10 marks)

5. “Railway finances were separated fro general finances primarily to secure

2. Write short notes on any five

LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE

3. What is meant by productivity test and how it is applied to new projects? Do

PART III MAX MARKS 50

LDCE QUESTIONS 2007

LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE 2007

Uber cup Cricket

2. the public accounts committee of parliament has repeatedly criticised the

ANSWER ANY TWO out of questions 9 to 12 or ANY TWO out of questions 13 to

16. discuss the management information system with special reference to

LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE

2. Answer the following

b. discuss the methodologies of costing EMU services

3. Discuss any three of the following in brief

PART II MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ( Max marks 50)

LDCE QUESTIONS 2003

LDCE QUESTION PAPERS YEAR WISE

SIX QUESTIONS ARE TO ANSWERED (TWO FROM PART I TWO FROM

PART III B WORKSHOP &STORES AND GENERAL EXPENDITURE (50 marks)