US History
Edition 1.0 1
st
March 2006
From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection
Note: current version of this book can be found at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/US_History
2
US H
ISTORY
..............................................................................................................................................................1P
REFACE
....................................................................................................................................................................6I
NTRODUCTION
..........................................................................................................................................................6Content and Contributions...................................................................................................................................6P
RE
-C
OLUMBIAN
A
MERICA
(
BEFORE
1492)..............................................................................................................7The First Americans.............................................................................................................................................7E
ARLY
C
OLONIAL
P
ERIOD
.......................................................................................................................................11The Arrival of Columbus...................................................................................................................................11The Protestant Reformation...............................................................................................................................11Henry VIII and the Church of England..............................................................................................................11Elizabethan England...........................................................................................................................................12Defeat of the Spanish Armada...........................................................................................................................13Roanoke Island and the Lost Colony.................................................................................................................13T
HE
E
NGLISH
C
OLONIES
(1607 - 1754)...................................................................................................................15Types of Colonies..............................................................................................................................................15Virginia and Jamestown.....................................................................................................................................15Massachusetts Bay Colony.................................................................................................................................15Revolution in England........................................................................................................................................15Mercantilism......................................................................................................................................................16The Remaining Colonies....................................................................................................................................17The Lords of Trade............................................................................................................................................17The Economy and Slavery.................................................................................................................................17British Interference.............................................................................................................................................18R
OAD TO
R
EVOLUTION
(1754 - 1776).....................................................................................................................19The French and Indian War................................................................................................................................19Proclamation of 1763.........................................................................................................................................19The Stamp Act and other Laws..........................................................................................................................19First Continental Congress.................................................................................................................................21T
HE
A
MERICAN
R
EVOLUTION
(1775 - 1783)...........................................................................................................22Lexington and Concord, the beginning of the war.............................................................................................22The Battle of Bunker Hill...................................................................................................................................22The Declaration of Independence......................................................................................................................23Saratoga..............................................................................................................................................................23Yorktown...........................................................................................................................................................24Treaty of Paris....................................................................................................................................................24A N
EW
N
ATION IS
F
ORMED
(1783 - 1787)..............................................................................................................25The Articles of Confederation............................................................................................................................25The Northwest Ordinance..................................................................................................................................25Problems with the Confederation.......................................................................................................................25Shays' Rebellion.................................................................................................................................................25US Presidents before George Washington.........................................................................................................25E
ARLY
Y
EARS OF THE
C
ONSTITUTIONAL
R
EPUBLIC
(1787 - 1800).........................................................................34The Constitutional Convention..........................................................................................................................34Federalist & Anti-Federalist Parties...................................................................................................................34The Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans..............................................................................................35Election of 1796.................................................................................................................................................37The XYZ Affair.................................................................................................................................................37Alien and Sedition Acts.....................................................................................................................................38J
EFFERSONIAN
R
EPUBLICANISM
(1800-1824)..........................................................................................................39The Election of 1800..........................................................................................................................................39Louisiana Purchase.............................................................................................................................................39
3
Embargo and Non-Intercourse Acts...................................................................................................................40War of 1812.......................................................................................................................................................41Treaty of Ghent and the Battle of New Orleans.................................................................................................41W
ESTWARD
E
XPANSION AND
M
ANIFEST
D
ESTINY
(1824 - 1849)...........................................................................42Jacksonian Democracy.......................................................................................................................................42John Tyler Presidency........................................................................................................................................45Manifest Destiny................................................................................................................................................46F
RICTION
B
ETWEEN THE
S
TATES
(1849 - 1860)......................................................................................................49Ideas and Questions of the Time........................................................................................................................49Compromise of 1850..........................................................................................................................................49Uncle Tom?tm)s Cabin......................................................................................................................................50Election of 1852.................................................................................................................................................50The Kansas-Nebraska Act and its Effects..........................................................................................................50"Bleeding Kansas".............................................................................................................................................51Dred Scott..........................................................................................................................................................51John Brown's Raid.............................................................................................................................................52Lincoln...............................................................................................................................................................53T
HE
C
IVIL
W
AR
(1860 - 1865)................................................................................................................................54Secession and the Southern Confederacy...........................................................................................................54Fort Sumter and the Beginning of the War........................................................................................................55First Battle of Bull Run and the Early Stages of the War..................................................................................55Technology and the Civil War...........................................................................................................................56Shiloh and Ulysses Grant...................................................................................................................................59Peninsular Campaign.........................................................................................................................................60Total War...........................................................................................................................................................60Second Bull Run and Antietam..........................................................................................................................61The Emancipation Proclamation........................................................................................................................61Fredricksburg and Chancellorsville...................................................................................................................62Vicksburg...........................................................................................................................................................62Gettysburg..........................................................................................................................................................64Black Americans and the Civil War...................................................................................................................65Chickamauga and Chattanooga..........................................................................................................................66Ulysses Grant As General-in-Chief....................................................................................................................67Appomattox........................................................................................................................................................68Besides the Fighting...........................................................................................................................................68R
ECONSTRUCTION
(1865 - 1877)............................................................................................................................70The Problem of Reconstruction..........................................................................................................................70Lincoln and Reconstruction...............................................................................................................................70Republicans fall from power..............................................................................................................................72T
HE
A
GE OF
I
NVENTION AND THE
G
ILDED
A
GE
(1877 - 1900)................................................................................74Politics of the Gilded Age..................................................................................................................................74Industrialization.................................................................................................................................................74Agriculture.........................................................................................................................................................75Imperialism........................................................................................................................................................75T
HE
P
ROGRESSIVE
E
RA
(1900 - 1914).....................................................................................................................78Progressivism.....................................................................................................................................................78Local Reform.....................................................................................................................................................78President Theodore Roosevelt............................................................................................................................79President William Howard Taft.........................................................................................................................80President Woodrow Wilson...............................................................................................................................80First Flight: Wright Brothers..............................................................................................................................81The Supreme Court and Labor...........................................................................................................................81W
ORLD
W
AR
I
AND THE
T
REATY OF
V
ERSAILLES
(1914 - 1920)............................................................................83Europe................................................................................................................................................................83
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