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‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻻﺣﯿﺎء وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻨﺘﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬


‫* ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻁ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻁﺤﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻼ‬

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‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻋﺭﻀﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻠــﺔ‬

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‫ﺸﻜل ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻲ ﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬

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‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨــﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬

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‫ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻤﺒﺴﻁ ﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻁﺔ‬:‫* ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬

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.. ‫ﺘﺘﻡ ﺃﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﺠﺯﺉ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻭﻜﻭﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬

‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬

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‫*ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﺭﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭﻟﻲ‬

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.

‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺩ‬

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‫* ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ‬

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‫ ﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﺼﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺏ ﻟﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬:‫* ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬

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‫* ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺼﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ‬

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‫* ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ‬

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‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫*ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬

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‫* ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ‬
٠

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" ‫*ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ " ﻓﻨﺕ‬

‫* ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‬

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‫* ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬

‫* ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺼﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬

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‫ﺤﻭﻴﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻙ‬

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( ‫* ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻴﺎﹰ ) ﺘﺸﺭﻴﺤﻴﺎﹰ‬

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‫* ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬

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)‫*ﺍﻟﻐﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻤﻴﺔ( ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺩﺩ‬

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( ‫ ﺍﻻﻨﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺘﻭﺯﻱ ) ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬: ‫* ﺃﻭﻻ‬

‫ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ‬-١ *

‫ *ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬2-

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‫ *ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺼﺎﻟﻲ‬3-

‫ *ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‬4-

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‫* ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻻﻨﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻷﻭل‬

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.: ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺭﺓ‬

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‫* ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‬

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‫* ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺒﻼﺯﻤﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺭﻴﺎ‬

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‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺯﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬

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‫* ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫* ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬


‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬

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‫* ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺫﻨﺠﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﻭﻨﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

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‫* ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺡ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺼﺎﺏ‬

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. ‫•ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺵ ﻭﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻤﺎﻴﻭ‬

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*
)‫ﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﻭل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ(ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬

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DNA ‫* ﺘﻀﺎﻋﻑ‬

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DNA,RNA ‫* ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬

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‫ﺃﻭ ﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺩﻡ ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ‪:‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤل )ﺭﻴﺴﺱ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺏ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺍﻟﺤﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺯﺍﻭﺝ‬

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‫ﺸﻜل ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻲ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺭ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫* ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻠﺨﺹ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺒﻐﻴﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ )‪ (X‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ )‪ (Y‬؟‬

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‫ﺃﻭ ﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ )ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﻓﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺼﻭﺭ( ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻴﺎﺕ‬

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‫ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬:

‫♀ ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ × ‫♂ ﺭﺠل‬
[ XX + ٤٤ ] [ XY + ٤٤ ]

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭ‬

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‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺠﺭﻴﻔﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺭﻯ‬

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‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺓ‬

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻥ‬DNA ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻐﻠﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ‬

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rRNA ‫(ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺒﻭﺯﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺒﻭﺴﻭﻤﻰ‬٣) *

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‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ‬

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. ‫ﺭﺴﻡ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻰ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻋﻤل ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬

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DNA ‫* ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬

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