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COMMUNICABLE

DISEASE

(PERTUSSIS)
GROUP MEMBER:
MAHADI
NORSAFRAA
SAFIAH
RAHMAWATI
NORIZAN
SYAKILA
AMIRA
DEFINITION OF DISEASE
A highly contagious bacterial disease that cause
uncontrollable coughing. 
Coughing can make it hard to breathe.
  A deep "whooping" sound is often heard when
patient try to take a breath.
ETIOLOGY:

 an upper respiratory infection

caused by the Bordetella Pertussis

or Bordetella Parapertussis bacteria.


 produces Pertussis toxin play a major
virulence role, which impact the severity of
illness and induce protective immune
response.
PHATOPHYSIOLOGY:
Bordella Pertussis divided into 3 stages which are:

 1. Catarrhal Stage:
 This begins within incubation periods with nasal congestion and rhinorrhea.
 Patient is the most contagious at this time.
 This symptom begins to decrease after 1 to 2 weeks as paroxysmal stage begins.

 2. Paroxysmal Stage:
 The onset cough marks the begin.
 The paroxysmal stages lasts from 1 to 6 weeks and severe cases may last up to 10 weeks.
 The coughing spells are followed by a high pitched whooping sound upon inhalation.
 Pertussis attacks may become very severe lead the person cyanotic.
 Usually occur at night.

 3. Convalescent Stage:
 In this final recovery stage the number, severity and duration of paroxysms diminished
(the cough becomes less violent).
 The paroxysmal episodes usually disappear 2 to 4 weeks in this stage.
 
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:
 Mild upper respiratory infection.
 Cold, sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever
and mild cough.
 Cough becomes more severe (2 weeks).
 Numerous rapid coughs followed by high
pitched whoop.
 A thick, clear mucous discharged from nose.
may re occur for 1 - 2 months and more
frequent at night.
LABORATORY STUDIES…..

 Swab C&S from nose and throat.


 Serologic testing
 Complete Blood Count
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT..
 Immunization:
o Vaccine Pertusis.
o Child at 2, 3, 5 month.
o < 1years old given at Vastus Lateralis.
o Younger contact < 7 years old should complete
DTwP+Hib vaccination & received booster
within 3 years .
 Isolation 5 day /3 week.
 Antibiotic:
o Azithromycin and Clarithromycin.
NURSING
MANAGEMENT
DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING R/T THICK MUCUS
PRODUCTION.

 Assess patient vital sign such as temperature, pulse


respiration and oxygen saturation (spo2). This is to
detect early sign and symptom such as tachypnea
>20/min, tachycardia and hypoxia <95% RA due to lack
of oxygen.
 Position patient in fowler to promote lung expanding and
make it easy for patient to breath.

 Administer nebulizer 2:2 (normal saline to ventolin) to


reduce thick secretion.
 Administer antibiotic erythromycin tablet 500mg
bd to fight against the bacteria bordella pertussis.
 Monitor patient’s spo2 2 hourly to detect changes
of oxygen saturation which cause pt to gasping
due to hypoxia.
 Administer suction to clear the airway as mucus
production highly secrete.
INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN R/T TO LOW
OXYGEN SUPPLY AS EVIDENCE BY SHORTNESS OF
BREATH.
 Assess vital sign temperature, pulse, breathing and spo2 to
detect hypoxia.
 Assess respiratory pattern by pattern (regular or irregular),
rate and depth of the respiration (deep, shallow).
 Position patient in fowler’s position lung to promote lung
expansion.
 Administer oxygen 3 liter via nasal prong or as prescribed
by doctor if spo2 is < 95%.
 Educate patient to perform deep breath exercise to increase
inhalation of oxygen.
HEALTH EDUCATION…….
 Isolate the person (separate bedroom) until he or
she has received five days of antibiotics. Wear a
surgical mask to cover their face.
 Practice good hand washing; whooping
cough bacteria can be transmitted through contact
with contaminated inanimate objects such as
dishes.
 Drink plenty of fluids, including water, juices,
soups, and eat fruits to prevent dehydration.
 Eat small, frequent meal to decrease the
amount of vomiting.
 Do not give cough medications unless
otherwise instructed by your doctor.
 Use a cool mist vaporizer to help loosen
secretions and soothe the cough.
 Keep the home environment free from irritants
that can trigger coughing, such as smoke,
aerosols, and fumes.
COMPLICATION:
o Respiratory problems :
 atelectasis
 bronchopneumonia, emphysema
 pneumothorax (rare,90% of deaths)
o Effects on CNS (most frequent in young infants):
 cerebral hemorrhage
 encephalopathy,
 convulsions, visual disturbances, paralyse.
 mental retardation
o Malnutrition
 THANK YOU…

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