Recycled

R l d
www.greenspec.co.uk

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Construction
Products &
Materials
Recycled Upcycled
Downcycled
 www.greenspec.co.uk

15/04/2010 © NGS 2006 Title 1

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Materials
M t i l &
Products
 What Materials?
• Reusable:
– Seeds, plants, wild turf, topsoil & clean subsoil, sand and
gravels
• Recyclable:
R l bl
– Inert : Stone, Brick and Concrete
– Inert: Glass
– Active: Trees, timber & timber based boards
– Paper and Cardboard
– Steel
– Plastics and Plastics boards
– Agricultural waste
– Asphalt (Road Planings)
• Recoverable:
– Green landscape waste > compost
– Sewage
S
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Landscape
L d p
Turf & Topsoil
 www.greenspec.co.uk

Recycling in
p
Landscape
On site Recycling and use of
Recycled Landscape Products

Another GreenSpec CPD to download soon

 www.greenspec.co.uk
29/05/2007 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Recovery:
Organic Waste
Initial Site Strip
Onsite Composting
Community Composting

Another GreenSpec CPD to download soon

Wild Fl
Flowers & Meadow
M d Grass
G
Neglected landscape nature takes over Listed Grade I barn
Topsoil & Subsoil
Stockpile on site
G
Green Roof
R f
wild turf roof from local construction clearance site, gravel margin gutter
Green Roof on walls

Pembrokeshire
t diti
traditional
l Hedge
H d
Bank

Rubble cavity wall

Turf mortar draining
soil and topsoil
Turf cap
(h d i optional)
(hedging ti l)
Rainwater
Back to nature very
rapidly
Pembrokeshire hedge bank
Random rubble & slate outer leaves, wild turf mortar, subsoil cavity fill, topsoil
& wild turf/hedge plants on top, crevices for nature, rain rejuvenates in weeks
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Subsoil
S b il and
d
Aggregates
 Subsoil
• Clean Subsoil: Subsoil
– Landscape modelling
• Subsoil: Rammed Earth Walls
• Subsoil & Compost: Topsoil
• Clean Sand and gravel:
– Brown roofs & Brown landscape

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 Hollyrood Scottish Parliament
• Intelligent reuse of excavated subsoil
• Landscape features: surplus subsoil
• Topsoil and grass

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Rammed Earth
any shape
h
many ingredients
colours & textures
Rammed Earth Walls
• Abundant and Natural
• Recipe can be determined on site
• Thermal, Acoustic & Moisture mass
• Fire resistant
• Load-bearing
• Absorbs radiation, smells and moisture
• Hygroscopic
• anyy shape
p
• many ingredients, colours & textures
• p
Sculptural & Artistic opportunities
pp
• Waste disposal back to earth
• y
Recyclable & Reusable
• Needs temporary formwork
Rammed Earth @ CAT
Recycled Subsoil
 Stone & Bricks
• Hardcore Piling Mats
• Crushed hardcore under slabs
• Filling
g Gabions
• Gabion/reed filter systems for sewage
• Crushed as gravel paving
• Crushed as soil substitute in drainage layer
• Crushed Fletton commons: brown roofs
• Crushed g granite in road sett bedding
g
• Rock piles
 Crushed
brick as
drainage
g
layer, soil
substitute,
gravel paving
BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Dr Bill Dunster
Brown Roofs
Creekside Visitors Centre Deptford London
Brown Roofs
 Brownfield Landscape
• Derelict Brownfield sites often have
more wildlife than Greenfield sites
• To maintain or enhance the biodiversity
of the site much can be done with a little
care
• Surveyy the site and check for wildlife:
Insects, birds, animals, and lower
forms, wild flowers, grasses, etc.
 Brownfield Landscape

B
Brownfield
fi ld L
Landscape
d
Creekside Visitors Centre
Agg. Ind. Masterblock Enviroblock
• All sites ISO 14001
• Sponsors Civic Trust Sustainability Award
• Annual Reporting on Sustainability of production
• Has Biodiversity y Action Plan for sites
• Uses ‘Envoy’ Intranet to facilitate company wide learning
• Intelligent educational literature addressing environmental sustainability
issues and their products in this context
• 100% recycled or 100% secondary (china clay) aggregates or ‘consisting of
lightweight and dense recycled materials’
• Ordinary Portland Cement (still considering GGBS)
• pp y only
Local supply y
• 5 products in range lightweight and dense
• BRE (independent 3rd party) Certified Environmental Profiles
• EcoPoint scores between 0.44 and 1.18
• (10 = 1 UK citizen’s
iti ’ E
Env. iimpactt in
i one Year)
Y )
• Surpasses generic product data in BRE GGtS & GGtHS setting new standards
in sector
• A rated in non-domestic
non domestic external and internal walls
• A rated in domestic external walls, B rated in domestic internal walls
• A rated construction elements can score points in EcoHomes and BREEAM
• Adopts existing tried and tested building techniques well known in the
i d
industry
18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 30
 Concrete
• Gabion & Trapion filling
• Hardcore piling mats
• Hardcore under roads
• Hardcore under building floor slabs,
• Hardcore in soakaways
• Crushed as aggregate in concrete
• Crushed concrete aggregate
gg g in conc.
• Rock piles
Recycled Concrete in gabions
Earth Centre Doncaster Conference Centre Bill Dunster
Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED Picture © GreenSpec
 Down-
Down
cycled
Concrete or
bricks in
Gabions &
Trapions
p
Sainsbury Retail Food Store Greenwich Peninsula
Sustainable Urban
Drainage System
car park providing water
for flushing of public toilets
microbes live in interstices
eat the bacteria and hydo-
carbons
K
Keep th
the water
t clean
l
A new earth shelter building:g
‘Field Station’ with
studio facilities for
art & science programme
Not so light touch in poor ground
Piles in many forms
Recycled concrete aggregate vibrated pile
Recycled aggregate
Secondary aggregates
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Timber
Ti b & panel
p l
products
 Timber and Timber based
boards
• Downcycled in chipboard & MDF
• Timber mulch and path
• Site hoarding and formwork reduced to
mulch
• Timber biomass fuel, woodchip pellets
Ti b M
Timber Mulch
l h
Timber as Biomass Fuel
S ff ld boards
Scaffold b d =d
doors
Railway Sleepers = Furniture
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Metals
 • All virgin metal have an environmental impact from:
• accessing the source, road creation,
• landscape clearance or mining arising,
• extraction of ore or oxide,
• transport energy and pollution of heavy bulky materials,
materials
• smelting plant creation, separation of metal from slag,
aggregates, etc.
• by heat and/or chemicals
• or using Hydro electric energy, coal or gas usually,
• with CO2 release and exhaust pollution and chemical
emissions to water,
• in some cases leading to severe pollution and ill health of
workers and local populations or human
human, fauna and flora
flora.
18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 46
• Non-ferrous metals tend to be long life
b t often
but ft more polluting
ll ti iin virgin
i i metal
t l
production
• Copper and Zinc are both high
polluters,, therefore any
p y alloys
y
containing these will be too.
• Aluminium is a very high embodied
energy material because of the stages
mentioned above
above, and has a risk of
Ozone depletion from PFC releases. 47
 • Any form of recycling will elliminate
many of the above stages from the
p
process.
• Recycling of aluminium for example
reduces the energy demands by 95%
• let alone all the other impacts.
p

18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 48

 • If a significant % of the material is recycled
and the % can be maintained and
assured, it has to be an improvement.
• Recycling
R li iincludes
l d re-melting lti with
ith lesser
l
amounts of energy, CO2, pollution,
emissions,
i i waste; t
• and refining the ingredient mixture to
achieve
h the
h required d allow.
ll
p g p
• http://www.greenspec.co.uk/html/material
18/05/2010
s/recycledcontent.html
© NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 49
 • Go one stage further and reuse avoiding
the energy of recycling
• http://www.greenspec.co.uk/html/desig
http://www greenspec co uk/html/desig
n/assessrecycle.html
• http://www.greenspec.co.uk/html/desig
htt // k/ht l/d i
n/recyVdurability.html
y y
• http://www.greenspec.co.uk/html/desig
n/assessrecycle html
n/assessrecycle.html
18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 50
•
 • Reuse steel sections as steel sections
• Reuse shipping containers (Corten self
rusting steel once the paint is removed)

18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 51

 • BRE have carried out recycled v virgin
environmental assessments for
BioRegional
g Reclaim
• http://www.greenspec.co.uk/html/desig
n/bz5 html
n/bz5.html
• http://www.greenspec.co.uk/html/mater
p g p
ials/reclaimed.html

18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 52

 Metals
• Some mild steel is recycled
– Depending on process
• Some can be reused as steel sections
• All stainless steel is recycled
• All non-ferrous metals tend to be
collected and sold to be recycled

18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 53

 Stainless Steel
• All Stainless
Steel is from
recycled
material
• All the more
reason to
collect and
recycle
l wastet
 Non-ferrous
Non ferrous
metals are
valuable and is
mostly collected
f recycling
for li as
offcuts are
created

Aberystwyth Arts Centre Smith Roberts Architects Photo: Charlotte Wood

 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Glass
 Glass
• Glass crushed aggregate: asphalt roads bases
• Glass aggregate: roof paving
• Glass sand bedding substitute for sand
• Glass as aggregate with resin:
– terrazzo like finishes:
– cladding, wall tiling, flooring, paving, signs, furniture
• Moulded bottle glass: pavers
• Heat bonded glass: bricks and blocks
• Flat glass from site: fibreglass thermal insulation
• Car wind screens: Foamglas thermal insulation
Glass sand for bedding
Glass sand bedding
Glass sand Sandpits
Recycled glass in synthetic resin
 Blue Carpet Recycled
glass
l iin
resin

Blue carpet Laing Galley Newcastle

Ttura Resin & Glass
• Synthetic resin
• Recycled glass
• Unlimited application
• Many colourways
• Furniture, Cladding Paving, Tiling, Screed,
etc.
etc
• Translucent or opaque
• Tougher than concrete
• Load-bearing
• Invented in University,
University licensed manufacture
• Extensively tested
Moulded Recycled
y Glass Pavers
• Public House Waste
• S
Segregated
t d Gl
Glass B
Bottles
ttl
• 100% reclaimed glass
• Moulding process
• No adhesives
• Big Colour range
• I t
Interesting
ti T Textures
t and d appearances
• Independently tested in Uni. Research labs
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Plant-based
Resin Binders
Many
y waste streams
Agricultural, Domestic, Municipal, Construction
 Natural Plant Based Resin
• Plant extract
• Natural resin binder
• Will bind virtually anything
• Shredded Domestic and Municipal
Waste
• Construction and Demolition Waste
• Etc.
Plant Based Resin
• Phenix Biocomposite desk
• Annually renewable,
sustainable and recycled
resource
• Recycled
y paper,
p p , soyy bean
resin and colour additive
• Feel of hardwood
• 1.5
1 5 times strength of oak
• Worked similarly to wood
• 5 – 15% lighter than wood
• Good moisture resistance
• Formaldehyde-free
• 70% less energy
 wastefile.com

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Wastefile Ltd. Ecobond International
Ecobond
• Plant extract resin
• 100% Natural content
• Versatile
• Will bond anything to itself
• Experimenting
xperimenting with:
• Agricultural waste
• Construction Waste
• Municipal Waste
• Domestic Waste
• Looking for partners
Natural Resin
EcoBond: ecopanel
p systems
y Ltd.
• 3% natural resin
• 97% agricultural waste
• Saves forests from chipboard manufacturers
• Recycles agricultural waste streams
• Cereal Straw (Barley, Wheat), Rice Straw,
• Sugar Cane Bagasse, Cane, Bamboo, Elephant Grass,
• Rape Seed, Flax, Date, oil and banana palm fibre,
• y
Water Hyacinth ((aquatic
q terrorist),
),
• Peanut Kernels, Sunflower Husks, Rice straw,
• Wood waste (less fussy about quality than chipboard)
• Can mix for attractive board surfaces
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Paper
p &
Cardboard
 Paper and Cardboard
• Thermal insulation Cellulose Fibre
• Acoustic insulation Cellulose Fibre
• Batts Slab Boards Loose fibre
• DIY bagged insulation
• Specialist applicator insulation
• Concrete reinforcement
• Road reinforcement
 Paper and Cardboard
• Paper cartons as boards for linings and
furniture
• Acoustic isolation board
• Acoustic isolation Sheet underlayment
• Rainscreen Cladding
• Class O wall linings
 Recycled Newspaper &
M
Magazines
i C ll l
Cellulose fib
fibre
Thermal Insulation

Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London

 Cellulose Fibre board
300-600 mm. deep compound
rafters or joists with
Cellulose fibre insulation
High thermal mass cellulose
fibre insulation boards in
walls and floors
A
Acoustic
ti iisolation
l ti b board
d
sheet underlayment

Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London

R
Recycled
l dDDrinks
i k CCartons
t @ CAT
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Plastics &
Rubber
 Recycled Plastics
• Reuse as loose lay membranes
• Recycled Polyethylene DPM: Visqueen
• Downcycled as garden and street
furniture
• Decking
• Pallets
• Sand, fine and course aggregate
substitute in concrete products
p
– Strong in tension, thinner section
 Recycled plastic board

Downcycled
Plastics
into sheet
form
C bi l
Cubicles
Linings
Worktopp
Sainsbury Retail Food Store Greenwich Peninsula
Recycled Plastic Pallets
 Plastics
• Crisp packets: Plastic building board
• Plastic Bottles: Plastic building boards
• Agricultural polyethylene: DPM
• Ink cartridges: Plastic building boards
• Wellington boots: building board

18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 88

 Recycled plastic

Title

Title Title
 Rubber
• Rubber Crumb in pavement &
playground surface
• Rubber Roofing tiles and slates
• Rubber sheet or strip in acoustic
applications
li ti

18/05/2010 © NGS 2002-2007 Recycled Products 91

 Recycled
Rubber
Entrance
Matting
i

Sainsbury Retail Food Store Greenwich Peninsula

Recycled Rubber Paving Tile
 Road Planings
• Aggregates in more roads
• Hardcore
• Glass in asphalt: Glasphalt
• Planed, blended and relayed
• Permeable pavement
• Water storage media below pavement

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 Recycled content
Planed, blended and re-laid
Recycled Road + Glass
Permeable pavement
 Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Aggregate
• By-products of steel smelting
• Reduced to powder & has
Cementitious properties
p p
• Low CO2 alternative to
cement in many
applications
• 30-70%
30 70% replacement
• Slower set
 Blast Furnace Slag
Blast Used in
furnace slag
ground granulated
Blastfurnace cement
substitute
b tit t up to
t 70%
OPC in concrete
Slower to strengthen

Warm grey not

cold grey
Glass and Aggregate Paving
 Gypsum
• D
Desulfurisation
lf i ti gypsum, waste t
timber and recycled water from
electricity generation
• Highly
compressed
gypsum based
b d
board
• Gallery wall
linings
Aberystwyth Arts Centre Smith Roberts Architects Photo: Charlotte Wood
 www.greenspec.co.uk

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Sewage
 Sewage
• Cooked like clay, slight pong
• Not unlike lightweight expanded clay
aggregate (LECA)
• Used as an aggregate in lightweight
concrete
t
• Thermal insulation in ground floors
hardcore filling

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 Sewage
• Raw sewage
• Rocket fuel for trees

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wet woodland
new p
pools created
formerly heavily contaminated burning grounds
 www.greenspec.co.uk

10/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Useful
Websites
Waste Hierarchy, Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle, Recover, Exchange, Local &
Green Construction Product Websites

Another GreenSpec CPD to download soon

 Recycled
R l d
www.greenspec.co.uk

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Construction
Products &
Materials
Recycled Upcycled
Downcycled