Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CORE VALUES
• MISI = the chosen track / jln pilihan organisasi utk
menyediakan produk/jasanya bagi pelanggan
• VISI = suatu keadaan yg akan kita capai
• CORE BELIEFS (keyakinan dasar)=
keyakinan ttg kebenaran jln yg dipilih utk
mewujudkan visi
• CORE VALUES (nilai dasar) =
nilai nilai yg di junjung tinggi oleh organisasi dalam
membentuk perilaku SDM dlm perjalanan
mewujudkan visi
Mengapa organisasi perlu :
MISI, VISI & COREBELIEFS &
CORE VALUES ?
• Utk tahu :- siapa kita?
- sekarang ada dimana?
- kemana akan menuju?
- bagaimana cara mencapai
tujuan tsb?
• Selalu ada dinamika perubahan
• kebutuhan akan kesamaan prinsip dasar dlm
menjalankan roda organisasi
• Adanya sumber daya yg harus dioptimalkan /
dikembangkan
• Setiap anggota tahu akan arah organisasi
MISI
• The chosen track of organization
• Perumusan misi mrpk usaha utk menyusun peta/route
perjalanan perusahaan
• HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION
• ENVIRONMENT
• INTERNAL CAPACITY
VISION STATEMENT
COMPONENTS:
1. A clear Hope ( profile ) for the future
2. Challenging and excellence
3. Inspirational & emotional
4. Empowers employees and customers
5. Prepare for the future
6. Memorable & provides guidance
Contoh visi
• We will be the first drug maker with
advanced research in every disease
category
• Our research will be as good as the
science being done anywhere in the world
• We will be the leading of …….
CORE BELIEFS (keyakinan dasar)
• “WE DO WHAT WE BELIEFS”
• Keyakinan umum yg perlu dimiliki oleh tiap anggota
utk mewujudkan visi melalui misi yg telah dipilih
utk membangkitkan energi anggota
• Memberikan jiwa bagi sistem manajemen utk
mewadahi kepentingan stakeholders
• Aspek yg terkandung a.l:
1. Bisnis mrpk mata rantai yg menghubungkan
pemasok/ provider dg customers
2. Customers mrpk tujuan pekerjaan
3. Sukses mrpk hasil penilaian dari customerr
Stakeholders / pihak-pihak yg
berkepentingan
• Yaitu kelompok / individu baik yg ada di lingkungan
internal maupun eksternal, yang mempengaruhi atau
dipengaruhi oleh pencapaian tujuan organisasi.
• Contoh stakeholders RS:
- karyawan
- konsumen dan pendukung konsumen
- organisasi masy yg terkait
- supplier
- media
- kompetitor
- pemilik / supra system
- dll
• Rumusan core beliefs ta:
1. pernyataan tentang keyakinan dasar
2. Frasa “ oleh karena itu”
3. pernyataan perwujudan keyakinan dasar
Contoh :
Kami yakin bahwa utk dpt memberikan pelayanan
prima bagi pelanggan, dukungan dari karyawan yg
andal sangat kami perlukan ,oleh karena itu
karyawan merupakan aset utama yg menjadi bagian
tidak terpisahkan dari sistem manajemen dan
organisasi rumah sakit secara keseluruhan
CORE VALUES (nilai dasar)
• Merupakan karakter yg baik yg terdapat dalam
setiap diri individu organisasi
• Mrpk nilai yg menjadi panduan anggota dlm
mewujudkan perilaku yg diharapkan guna
mencapai visi
• Meliputi aspek aspek a.l:
1. integritas
2. kerendahan hati
3. kesediaan utk melayani
4. kejujuran
5. kerja keras
Contoh core value:
Manajemen dan staf RS”X” akan :
Melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan
dengan profesional, andal, cepat, tulus
dan ramah, sesuai dengan standar etika /
profesi serta peraturan lain yg berlaku
FORMULASI STRATEGI:.
Merupakan tahap pengambilan keputusan
setelah melakukan pengkajian atas keterkaitan
faktor – faktor lingkungan
Hasilnya alternatif strategi.
PROSES STRATEGI
FORMULASI :
• Directional strategies
• Adaptive strategies
• Market entry strategies
• Positioning strategies
• Operational strategies
• Pengendalian strategi
Directional strategies
• Mission
• Vision
• Values
• objectives
ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES
1. EKSPANSI. 2. CONTRACTING.
a. Diversifikasi. a. Divestiture ;
Total & Partial.
related & Unrelated
b. Liquidation.
b. Vertical Integration. Operation , Assets
Forward & Backward. c. Harvesting.
Fast & Slow.
c. Market Development. d. Retrenchment.
Geographic & Segmen. Personel, Market, Product, Assets
d. Product Development.
Product line & Pr. Enhancement
e. Penetration
promosi, distribution, pricing
ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES
3. Stabilization.
a. Enhancement.
TQM , layanan
cepat.
- quality,efisiensi,
inovasi,speed,
fleksibel dll
b. Status Quo./=
maintenance
strategy
. Market Entry Strategies. Positioning Strategies.
Proses ini umumnya Proses menetapkan
bagaimana suatu organisasi
merupakan langkah yang mempunyai ciri yang
harus dipikirkan bila membedakan organisasi
organisasi memilih untuk tersebut dengan organisasi
melakukan ekspansi lain ( pemain lain dalam
ataupun memilih untuk pasar bisnisnya). Prinsip
bertahan ( stabilize ). yang harus diperhatikan ;
berorientasi terhadap pasar,
Dalam proses ini mempunyai peluang untuk
ditetapkan bagaimana bersaing di dalam pasar ,
( kiat – kiat ) organisasi mempunyai market yang
akan masuk ke dalam luas, dan sudah mengarah
pasar bisnisnya. kepada market segment
tertentu.
MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY
1. PURCHASE.
a. Akuisisi.
b. Licencing.
c. Venture Capital Investment.
2. COOPERATION ; Merger, Aliansi, JV.
3. DEVELOPMENT; Int. Dev & Int. Vent.
POSITIONING STRATEGIES
1. MARKET WIDE.
a. Cost Leadership.
b. Differensiasi.
2. MARKET SEGMENT.
a. Focus/Cost leadership.
b. Focus Differensiasi.
KERANGKA FORMULASI STRATEGI
Matriks Grand
Matriks TOWS Matriks BCG Matriks IE Matriks Space
Strategy
• DATA DI BEDAKAN :
- DATA EKSTERNAL
- DATA INTERNAL
SUMBER DATA
• DATA EKSTERNAL, al dari :
- analisis kebijakan pemerintah & pemilik
- analisis pasar
- analisis kompetitor
- analisis komunitas
- analisis pemasok
- analisis stakeholder lain
- dll
• DATA INTERNAL al dari :
- laporan operasional
- laporan keuangan
- kegiatan/kemampuan SDM
- kemampuan sarana/prasarana
- dll
PERBANDINGAN FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG DIANLISIS DALAM LINGKUNGAN
EKSTERNAL MENURUT HILL & JONES, DUNCAN, SERTA PEARCE & ROBINSON
1. Marketing
L 1. Budaya organisasi
2. Manufakturing
I
2. Manajemen Umum : 1. Pemasaran
N 3. Manajemen
G a. Subsistem klinik 2. Keuangan
K 4. Sumber daya manusia
b. Keuangan 3. Produksi operasi dan
U
5. Penelitian & pengem –
N c. Fasilitas fisik teknik
G bangan
A d. Pemasaran 4. SDM
6. Sistem informasi
N
e. Penunjang admi – 5. Manajemen
7. Infrastruktur perusa –
I nistrasi 6. Sistem Informasi
N haan
7. Organisasi &
T
8. Sumber dana
E Manajemen Umum
R
N
A
L
Sumber : Hill & Jones ( 1989 ), Duncan ( 1995 ), Pearce & Robinson ( 1997 )
Beberapa metode / alat analisa &
formulasi strategi
• TOWS MATRIX
• INTERNAL – EXTERNAL ( IE ) MATRIX:
- EFAS ( External strategic Factors Analysis Summary) /
EFE ( External Factors Evaluation)
- IFAS ( internal strategic Factors Analysis Summary) /
IFE ( Internal Factors Evaluation)
• GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX
• BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP ( BCG ) MATRIX
• STRATEGIC POSITION & ACTION EVALUATION
( SPACE ) MATRIX
• PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
• PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS
• EXTENDED PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS
TAHAPAN KERJA DARI MATRIKS EFE
(External Factor Evaluation)
ADALAH SBB :
PELUANG
-
-
ANCAMAN
-
-
TOTAL 1,00
TAHAPAN KERJA DARI MATRIKS IFE
ADALAH SEBAGAI BERIKUT :
KEKUATAN
-
-
KELEMAHAN
-
-
TOTAL 1,00
PELUANG
KEKUATAN
KELEMAHAN
ANCAMAN
EXHIBIT 7 – 9
Strategic Position and Action Evaluation ( SPACE )
Matrix
Financial
Strength
6
5
4
CONSERVATIV 3 AGGRESSIV
E 2 E
1
Competitive Industry
Advantage -6 -5 -4 -3 - -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Strength
2 -1
DEFENSIVE -2 COMPETITIVE
-3
-4
-5
-6
Environmenta
l
Stability
EXHIBIT 7 – 11
SPACE Profile for a Regional Hospital
System
Financial Strength
6
5
4
CONSERVATIVE 3 AGGRESSIVE
2
- 2.4 1
1.6 3,7
Competitive
Advantage
Industry
Strength
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2 COMPETITIVE
-3
DEFENSIVE -4 -3.7
-5
-6
Environmental
Stability
EXHIBIT 7 – 12
F S
SPACE Strategy Profiles F S
C A I S
AGGRESSIVE C A I S
PROFILES
A financially strong organization that has achieved major
E S
competitive advantages in a growing and stable industry segmens E S
An organization whose financial strength is a dominating factor in the
industry segment
F S
F
S
CONSERVATIVE
PROFILES C A I S
C I S
A
E S
E S An organization that suffers from major competitive disadvantages in
An organization that has achieved financial strenght an industry segment that is technologically stable but declining in
in a stable industry segment that is not growing : the revenue
organization has no major competitive advantages F S
F S
COMPETITIVE PROFILES I S
C A
C I S
A
E S
E S An organization that is competing fairly well in an industry
An organization with major competitive advantages but segment where there is substantial environment uncertainty
limited financial strength in a high – growth industry
segment F S
F S
DEFENSIVE PROFILES
C A I S
C A I S
E S E S
An organization that has a very weak competitive position A financially troubled organization in a very unstable and weak industry
in a negative growth, stable but weak industry segment
Source : Adapted from a summary by Fred R. David, Strategic management, 2d ed. ( Columbus, Ohio : Merril Publishing Company, 1989 ). P. 216, of Alan J. Rowe, Richard O. Mason, and Karl E. Dickel, and N. H.
Snyder, Strategic Management : A Methodological Approach ( Reading, massachustts : Addison- Wesley Publising Company, 1982 ), p. 155. 1989 by Addison-Wesley Publising Company. Reprinted with permission of
the publisen.
EXHIBIT 7 – 8
Expanded Product Portofolio
Matrix
Source : Gary McCain, “ Black Holes, Cash Pigs, and other Hospital
Portofolio Analysis Problems, “ Journal of Health Care Marketing 7, no.2
( June 1987 ), p. 58, by the American Marketing Association
EXHIBIT 7 – 1
TOWS Matrix
List Internal Strengths List Internal Weaknesses
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
4 2
List External Future Quadrant Internal Fix-it Quadrant
Opportunities
1. Related diversification Retrenchment
2. Vertical integration Enhancement
3. Market development Market development
4. Product development Product development
Penetration Vertical integration
Related diversivication
3 1
List External Threats External Fix-it Quadrant Survival Quadrant
1.
2. Related diversification Unrelated diversification
3. Unrelated Divestiture
4. diversification Liquidation
Market development Harvesting
Product development Retrenchment
Enhancement
Status Quo
Source : Adapted form Heinz Weihrich, “ The TOWS Matrix : A Tool for Situational Analysis, “ Long Range Planning 15, no. 2 (1982), p. 60.
EXHIBIT 7 – 13
Strategic Alternatives for SPACE
Quadrants
Financial
Strength
Status Quo Related Diversification
Unrelated
Diversification Market Development
Product Development
Harvesting
CONSERVATIVE AGGRESSIVE Vertical Integration
Competitive
Advantage Industry Strength
Product Development
Liquidation
Market Development
Retrenchment Status Quo
Environmental
Stability
Source : Adapted from Alan J. Rowe, Richard D. Mason, Karl E. Dickel, and Neil H. Snyder, Strategic
Management : A Methodological Approach, 3d ed. (Reading, Massachusetts : Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, 1989), p. 157. Reprinted with permission of the publisher.
MATRIKS TOWS MENURUT HUNGER – WHEELEN (1996), DAPAT
DIGAMBARKAN SEBAGAI BERIKUT :
Matriks TOWS
IFAS
STRENGTHS (S) WEAKNESS (W)
EFAS
STRATEGI SO STRATEGI WO
Strategi yang Strategi yang
OPPORTUNITIES Menggunakan keku- Meminimalkan
(O) atan untuk Kelemahan dan
Memanfaatkan Memanfaatkan
peluang peluang
STRATEGI ST STRATEGI WT
Strategi yang Strategi yang
THREATS Menggunakan Meminjamkan
(T) Kekuatan untuk Kelemahan dan
Mengatasi Menghindari
ancaman ancaman
MATRIKS TOWS
1.
EXTERNAL FIX – It QUADRANT SURVIVAL QUADRANT
Related Diversification Unrelated Diversification
2. Unrelated Diversification Divesture
Market Development Liquidation
3. Product Development Harvesting
Status Quo Retrenchment
MATRIKS INTERNAL EKSTERNAL (IE)
1. 2.
3.
GROWTH GROWTH
Tinggi RETRENCH-
Konsentrasi Konsentrasi
MENT
Melalui Melalui
Turnaround
Integrasi vertikal Int.Horiztl
DAYA TARIK 6.
INDUSTRI 5
RETRENCH-
4. STABILITY
MENT
STABILITY Tak ada
Captive Company
Sedang Hti - hati Perubahan
Atau
Profit strategi
Divestment
9.
7. 8.
RETRENCH-
Rendah GROWTH GROWTH
MENT
Diversifikasi Diversifikasi
Bangkrut atau
Konsentrasi Konsentrasi
Sumber : Hunger – Likuidasi
Wheelen (1996)
TAHAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN
STRATEGI ALTERNATIF
FAKTOR-
FAKTOR Strategi A Strategi B
SWOT BOBOT
AS TAS AS TAS
EFAS
Peluang
-
-
-
Ancaman
-
-
-
MATRIKS QSPM
IFAS
Kekuatan
-
-
-
Kelemahan
-
-
-
TOTAL