Economics of Gender and Development
Dr. Vibhuti PatelProfessor and Head, Post Graduate Department of EconomicsSNDT Women’s University, 1 Nathibai Thakersey Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020Mobile-9321040048 Telephone-26770227 ® and 22031879, Ex. 243General Objectives
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The central objective of this paper is to show, how gender biases in economy at large anddevelopment policies in particular have perpetuated subordination of women.
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This paper provides an understanding of all aspects of women’s lives in the mainstreamand care economies so that the students can get confidence and skills to deal with gender inequalities, enhance women’s capabilities and entitlements the state and civil society.
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It enables the students to understand of the nature of the economic role of women andcontribution of women to the national and global economies on the basis of scientific andgender aware analysis so that they emerge as economists who will make special effortstowards development of women.
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This paper provides theoretical understanding and analytical tools to examine women’seconomic reality.
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The modules take care of specificity of issues prevailing in the Indian context.
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It clarifies the concepts, terminologies and indicators used in Gender economics.
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It provides plural perspective on gender aware analysis by different schools of thought.
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It makes a critical evaluation of the conventional indicators of development and seeksdevelopment alternatives that promote economic empowerment of women.
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It enables the student to evolve a vision that facilitates the process of gender planning and policy making.
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Main thrust of this paper is to gauge women’s economic profile in different countriesthrough cross country analysis and inter-sectoral comparisons.
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It examines women’s predicament in the macro-economic framework and connects itwith meso and micro economic realities.
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It aims to give a gendered analysis of women in industry and agriculture. It also providesan analysis of statutory provisions and labour legislations affecting working women.
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It provides a comprehensive treatment to gender audit of budget, new economic policy,stabilisation measures and structural Adjustment Programmes on women.
Unit-I: Introduction to Gender Studies
1.1. Importance of Women’s Studies1.2 Concepts- ‘Sex’ Versus ‘Gender’, Oppression and Exploitation, Socialisation, SocialConstruction, Deconstruction, Patriarchy, Trends in Feminism, Gender Based Division of labour 1.3 Gender and the Process of Economic Development.1
1.4 Economic Basis and Functioning of Patriarchy and Matrilineal societies, structures andsystems1.5 Market, Mobility and Women1.6 Gender Bias in Theories of Value, Distribution and Population-Engendering Micro andMacro Economics- Feminist Reading of Economic Laws: Marginal Productivity Theoryand Laws of Maximisation1.7 Feminist Criticism of Development Indices and WID-WAD-GAD1.8 Visibility of Women in Statistics and Indicators1.9 Neoclassical versus Institutional Approach1.10 Development Debate-Human Development Approach
Unit-II: Women: Demographic Aspects
2.1 Age structure, Mortality rates and Sex ratio.2.2Causes of Declining Sex Ratios and Fertility Rates in LDCs with Special Reference toIndia2.3Theories and Measurement of Fertility and Its Control.2.4Gender and Population Control Policy with Special Reference to India.2.5 Reproductive Rights2.6 Women and Nutrition2.7 Women and Health2.8 Women and Education2.9 Economic Status of Women2.10 Work Participation Rate of women
Unit-III: Women and Decision Making
3.1Factors Affecting Decision-making by Women3.2Role of Voluntary Organizations, Self-help Groups3.3Review of Legislation for Women’s Entitlements, Protection of Property Rights andSocial Security.3.4Schemes for Safety-net for Women.3.5 Social Structure and Social Security of Women - Entitlements, Access to Control over Economic Resources, Ensuring Economic Independence and Risk Coverage.3.6 Power of Decision-Making at Household Levels, Class and Community Levels3.7 Economic Status of women and its Effect on work Participation Rate, Income Level,Health and Education in Developing Countries and India.3.8 Role of Kinship in Allocation of Domestic and Social Resources
Unit-IV: Conceptualisation of Work
4.1 Concept and Analysis of Women’s Work-Paid and Unpaid Work 4.2 Valuation of Productive and Unproductive Work 4.3 Visible and Invisible Works4.4 Economically Productive and Socially Productive Work.4.5 Economic Status, Private Property and Participation of Women in Pre-industrial andIndustrial societies.4.6 Women’s Contribution to National Income.4.7 Work Efficiency and Women.
Unit-V: Women and Labour Markets
5.1Factors Affecting Women’s Entry in Labour Market5.2Supply and Demand of Women’s Labour I the Developed and Developing Countries2
5.3Female work participation in agriculture and non-agricultural activities (with reference toIndia)5.4Women in the Informal Sector, Small Scale and Cottage Industries5.5Women in the Organised and Service Sector 5.6Wage Differentials in Female Activities5.7Determinants of Wage Differentials: Gender, Education, Skill, Productivity, Efficiency,Opportunities.5.8Structures of Wages Across Regions and Economic Sectors
Unit- VI: Women, Technology and Environment
6.1 Impact of Technological Development and Modernisation on Women’s Work Participation6.2 Industrial Technologies and Women6.3 Agricultural Technologies-Mechanisation, High Yielding Varieties-Green Revolution6.4Horticulture and Floriculture6.5Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development6.6Poultry Development6.7Women in Sericulture6.8Women in the Fisheries6.9Female Activities and Ecological and Environmental Concerns-The Two Way Relationships6.10 Role of New Technologies for Helping women6.11 Provision of Information and training for Simple Harvesting of Economic Services
Unit-VII: Social Security and Social Protection for Women
7.1Social Security of Women7.2Entitlements, Ensuring Economic Independence and Risk Coverage7.3Access to Credit and Insurance Markets7.4Role of Voluntary Organisations and SHGs in Providing Social Security.7.5Labour Market Biases and Gender Discrimination7.6Effectiveness of Collective Bargaining7.7Review of Legislations for women’s Entitlements7.8Protection of Property Rights and Social Security7.9Schemes for Safety Net for Women7.10 Need for Women Workers’ Union7.11Affirmative Action for women and Improvement in Their Economic and Social Status
Unit-VIII: Gender Planning, Development Policies and Governance
8.1Gender and Development Indices8.2 Mainstreaming Gender into Development Policies.8.3Gender Planning Techniques and Gender Sensitive Governance.8.5Paradigm Shifts from ‘Women’s Wellbeing’ to ‘Women’s Empowerment’.8.5Democratic decentralization and Women’s Empowerment in India.8.6 Addressing Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Gender Needs of Women
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Economics of Gender and Development by Vibhuti Patel
Analytical tools provided by Gender Economics (GE) are extremely useful to deal with the socio-economic and legal issues concerning women’s work life and family life- marriage, divorce, custody of children, guardianship rights, alimony, maintenance, property rights…
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