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COMPUTER LANGUAGES

Presented By:- Baburaj Patel


Programming Language

Programming is a way to create a set of instructions


for the computer.

To create these instructions, programmers used


programming language. It helps to create source
code which is then converted into machine / object
code for the computer.
Categories of Programming Language

Programming language can be divided into three


broad categories:

 Machine language
 Assembly language
 Higher level language
Machine Language

In machine language, a programmer creates


instructions in the form of machine code (0&1) that
a computer can follow.

Writing a machine language program requires deep


knowledge and attention to the internal structure of
the computer. This requires lot of effort and time.
Assembly language

In an assembly language, mnemonics are used to


represent operation codes and strings of characters
to represent addresses.

While execution, assembler converts assembly


language to machine language program
Higher level language

The syntax for these language is more like a human


language. Due to this, people can easily read, write
and understand computer language.

While execution, one line of higher level language


can be converted into many line of machine level.
Execution of Higher level language

There are two ways to run programs written in a


high-level language. The most common is to compile
the program; the other method is to pass the
program through an interpreter.

An interpreter is a program that translates a high-


level language into a low-level one, but it does it at
the moment the program is run. It takes the
program, one line at a time, and translates each line
before running it: It translates the first line and runs
it, then translates the second line and runs it etc
The main advantages of interpreters are as follows:

There is no lengthy "compile time", i.e. you do not have to wait


between writing a program and running it, for it to compile. As soon as
you have written a program, you can run it.

They tend to be more "portable", which means that they will run on a
greater variety of machines.
Continue….

Compiler is a program that translates source code


into object code. The compiler derives its name from
the way it works, looking at the entire piece of source
code and collecting and reorganizing the
instructions.
The main advantages of compilers are as follows:

They produce programs which run quickly.

They can spot syntax errors while the program is being compiled
The higher level language began with third generation.

Third generation language

these programs makes it easy to write structured programs. They


generally use text environment.
Portable

Example: C, C++, BASIC, JAVA

Fourth Generation Language


They are easier then 3GLs.
They use either text or visual environment
In visual environment, the programmer use a toolbar to drag and
drop various items like buttons, label and text boxes to create a visual
definition of an application.

Example: .NET, Sun Studio One.


Fifth Generation language

Fifth-generation language is programming that uses


a visual or graphical development interface to create
source language that is usually compiled with a 3GL
or 4GL language compiler.
Microsoft, Borland, IBM, and other companies make
5GL visual programming products for developing
applications in Java, for example.

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