Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
- The causative organism is a rod-shape organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Mycobacterium africanum from human and Mycobacterium bovis from cattle.
- M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on the cell surface (primarily mycolic acid),
which makes the cells impervious to Gram staining so acid-fast detection techniques are
used instead. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels
of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, MTB infects the
lungs and is the causative agent of tuberculosis.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
1. The disease is transmitted through inhalation of organism directly into the lungs from
contaminated air.
2. It can also be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected persons, usually
by discharges from respiratory tract by means of coughing, sneezing or kissing.
3. The disease is transmitted through contact with contaminated eating or drinking utensils.
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY:
The patient is capable of discharging the organism all throughout life if he remains
untreated. The disease is highly communicable during its active phase.
MODE OF PREVENTION:
2. Avoid overcrowding.
4. Advise persons who have been exposed to infected persons to receive tuberculin test and,
if necessary, chest x-ray and prophylactic isoniazid.
IMMUNIZATION:
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN:
2. Night sweating
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES:
1. Chest x-ray
- is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest,
its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are among the most common films
taken, being diagnostic of many conditions.
- (also known as the Mantoux screening test, Tuberculin Sensitivity Test, Pirquet
test, or PPD test for Purified Protein Derivative) is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis.
5 mm or more is positive in
HIV-positive person
Recent contacts of TB case
Persons with nodular or fibrotic changes on chest x-ray consistent with old healed TB
Patients with organ transplants and other immunosuppressed patients
- is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi (plural of fungus) that are infecting the
lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the
airways leading to the lungs. A sample of sputum is placed in a container with substances
that promote the growth of bacteria or fungi. If no bacteria or fungi grow, the culture is
negative. If organisms that can cause infection (pathogenic organisms) grow, the culture
is positive. The type of bacterium or fungus will be identified with a microscope or by
chemical tests.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
FIRST GENERATION:
R- ifampin
I- soniazid
P- yrazinamide
E- thambutol
SECOND GENERATION:
S-treptomycin
2. Patients with drug resistance may be given with second line drugs such as capreomycin,
streptomycin, cycloserine, amikacin, and quinolone drug.
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
4. Encourage questions and conversation so that the patient can air his or her feelings.