CERTIFICATE IN ACCOUNTING TECHNICIANS FOUNDATION COURSE (ENTRY LEVEL)-F'ART I EXAMINATION

December 2010

CA'l-4(BMS)

Basiness Mathematics and Statisti.cs Fund1ilmentols

Time Allowed: 3, Hours

Fun Marks: lOO

The figl4Tes in the margi:n on the right' side indicate full marks.

A'18wer all questions, NQtatimt.s·and syrnbol.s ha:vC!l48ual rneanmg$.

SECTION I (Arithmetic-1O marks)

1. Answer any two of the following:

Choose the correct option showing the proper reasons/calculations: (a) If P = ~ Q and Q = 2~ R, then P :. R is

(i) 1: 2 (ii) 2 : 1 (iii) 4: 5 (iv) none of these

(b) A person drove his car 40 km at an average speed of 20 km per hour and next 60 km at an average speed of 30 km per hour. Then his average speed in his whole journey of 100 km is

(i) 25 kmIh (ii) 20 kmlh (iii) 30 kmlh (iv) none of these

3x2

(c) Time in which ~ 50001- will be the amount ~. 60001· at simple interest @ 5% p.a. is

0) 2 years (ii) 5 years (iii) 4 years (iv) none of these

2. Answer anyone of the following: 4xl

(a) A dealer mixed two varieties of tea having cost ~ 1200 and ~. 2500 per kg each in such a way that he can gain 20% by selling the resultant mixture at ~ 1800 per kg .. Find the proportion in which the two types of (cas are mixed.

(b) A bill for ~ 5400 is due in 2 years. Find Banker's gain at the rate of 4% interest per annum.

SECTION II (Algebra-i5 marks)

3. Answer any three of the following: 3x3

Choose the correct option showing necessary reasons/calculations:

(a) The number of ways in which letters of the word 'ALGEBRA' can be arranged so that the two A's will nOL remain together is

0) 1600 (U) 1800 (iii) 2000 (iv) none of these

(b) Let p be 'It is hot' and q be 'It is dry'. Then the statement 'It is not hot and it is not dry' can be written In symbolic form as

(i) - p v q (ii) - p 1\ - q (iii) - p v q (iv) p v q

(c) The number of zeros between decimal point and the first significant digit in (0-5)20, given logJQ2 = 0·30103. is

(i) 8 (ii) 7 (iii) 5 Civ) none of these

(d) If A.:;;; [1,3, 5}. B= (1,3, 6), U = {I, 2, 3,4,5, 6} then the set (A- B) n Be equals to

(1) f 1 } (ii) {5} (iii) (1, 5} (iv) none of these

(e) If Xl = I' = ZC and xyz = I then the value of ~ +~ + ~ is

(i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii) 0 (iv) ~

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4. Answer an}! two of the following: 3)('2

(a) The expense df a. boarding house are partlyflxed and partly varies with the number of boarders. The charge is ~ 70 per head when there are 20 boarders and ~ 60 per head whenthere are 40 boarders. Find [he charge pel" head when there are 50 boarders.

(b) If !II be an imaginary cube root of unity find out the value of (I - w) 0 - WI) (] -w~) (1 _w8). (c) Draw the graph of x s: 2y - I in (.~. )1) coordinate system.

SECI10N Ul (Mensurati.on-I.5 marks) 5. Answer any Three of the following:

Choose the correct option showing necessary reasons/calculations:

(a) The length" breadth and height ofa box are 12 m, 4 rn and 3 m respectively. The length of the largest roll [hal can be placed in the box is

[i) 1 S m (ii) l3 m (iii) 12 m (IV) none of 'these

(b) If the hypotenuse of a right angled isosceles triangle is 4 em then [he area of [he triangle IS

(i) ) 2 sq.cm Oi) 8 sq.crn (iii) 4 sq.crn (i\l) none of these

(c) The diameter of a sphere is 6 em. The surface area of its hemisphere is

0) 21 sq.crn (ii) 27rr. sq.cm (iii) 1.8nsq..cm (iv) none of these

(d) A right prism has a triangular base whose sides are respectively 14 em. 21 em and 21 em. tf the altitude of the prism is ! o..J2 em then the volume of the prism is

en 1200 cc Cit) 1134 cc (iii) 1000 cc (iv) none of these

(e) The curved. surface of aright circular cone having base diameter 6cm and height 4 ern i

(I) lOnsq.cm (ii) 251tsq.cm (iii) 15nsq.cm (iv) none of these

6. Answer any two of the following: 3x2

(a) If the area of a semicircle is 77 sq.cm then find the perimeter of the semicircle. (n = 2;)

(b) A right pyramid with height 8cm stands on a base which is a triangle with sides of lengths 3 em, 4 em and 5 em. Find the volume of the pyramid.

(e) The base radius ofa cylindrical pipe is 3-5 em and its height. Is [8 em. Find [he ratio of i[s curved surface W jl,~ total surface. (1C = 27'2)

SECTION IV (Coordinate Geometry-e-lf marks)

7. Answer .any two of the following:

Choose the correct option showing necessary reasons/calculations:

(a) If the point (x, D) is equidistant from the points (- J, 3) and (6; 4) then val ae of x is

(i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) none of these

(b) The equation of a circle with (I. 0') and (0', 1) as end points of its diameter is

(i) ,r + j' - x- y ;. 0 (il) .~ + ),1 - 2t - 2y ;; 0 (iii) Ad + y - 2x - 2y + .1 =- 0

(e) Focus of the parabola r + 8y- 6x + 1 = Q is

(i) (0. -2) (ii) (-I, 3) (iii) (3. -1) (iv) none of these

(d) The ecce ntri city .Qf the ellipse xl' + 4f - 2t + 8y + I ::::: a is

(i) ~ liD ~3 (iii) 1 (iv) none of these

3x2

(iv) none of these

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S. Answer anyone of the following: 4x I

(a) Prove ,thaI the IWO circles .r + y2 + 2.t- 6),+5 = 0 andr+ y1 + lOx- 2y + 21 = 0 [ouch each other externally, (b) Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point of intersection of the lines b:· ... y = 4 and .x - y + 1 = 0 and is perpendicular to lhe line 6x - 7y + 8 = O.

SEcnON V ~Calculus-I5 marks)

9. Answer any three of the following:

Choose [he correct option showing proper reasons/calculations: (a) If}'(x) = I ~ 1 then for c ¢ 0, I fCc) - f(-c) I wi LJ be

(i) I (ii) 2 (iii) a (iv) none of these

(b) The value of lim 1- ,f}:'? is

.1.'-70 . Xl

(j)} (ii) j (iii) 0 (iv) none of these

(c) When x = 4/- t'. Y = P + 3, s- t = 1 j,s

(i) 0 (i i) -1 (iii) 2 (iv) none of these

(d) The value of r d,t >IX is

I) x+ l- x

ti) 4; (ii) 3-fi (iii) 2~ (iv) none of these

(e) If/ex, y}:::: u- 1 try + 3yl chen x~+ Y~ is

(i) '4f (x, y) (ij) 3/ (z; y) (iii) 4/ (x, y) (iv) none of these

3xJ

10. Answer an)' two of the following: (a) T(y = Aelfl.T + Be-nIX show that Y2 - m~y = O.

(b) If sum of two values is 8 find the maximum value of their product.

'eU+e<"t l

(c) HI (x) = ff + e~t and/(O) == '5 then findf(x).

Sscnox VI (Statistical Methods-35 marks)

II. Answer OilY even of the following:

Choose the correct option showing proper reasons/calculations:

(a) If the relation between x and y 1S x == 2y + 5 and the median of x is 25 then the median of y i

0) 20 (ii) 10 (iii) 12·5 (iv) none of these

(b) Geometric mean of 10 observations is 8.lf geometric mean of first six. observations is 4 then geometric mean of last four observations is

(i) 16fi (ii) 812 (iii) 16 (iv) none of-these

3x2

3x7

(c) If harmonic mean of first 5 observations is ~and harmonic mean of another 5 observations is i then harmoni

mean of all J 0 observations is -

(i) 7 (ii) i; (iii) 13~1 (iv) none of these

(d) QUI of J 00 observations 25 observations have the value land rest of the observations are zero. The standard deviation of 100 observations is

(.) {3 (ii) 3 (ii ') .f3

I T '2 III "4

(iv) none of these

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(e) If the sum of deviations of a number of observations about 4 is 30 and [hat about 3 is 40. Then mean of the observations is

(i) 1

(ii) 10

(iii) 11

(iv) none of these

(0 Variance of fir-st 5 positive integers is

0) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 1 (iv) none of these

(g) Mean deviation of first 5 positive integers about median is

0) 0 (ii) 1, 7 (iii) 1.'2 (iv) none of these

(h) The mean and variance of fl values of a variable x are 0 and (j! respectively. II the variable y = .t~. the meun of' ;VIS

(i) 0 (ii) ol (iii) I (rv) none of these

:5 5

(i) For 5 values ofa variable ,\", L x = 25 and E (x - 5)~ = 30. [he variance of x is

j = I I i= I I

(0 2 (il) 4 (iii) 6 (iv) none of these

U) If group Gt has a.rn = 20, mode == 25, s.d = Wand group G,_ has a.m= 18, median = 18, s.d = 9 then

(I) Gj is more skewed than G'1. (ii) G, is less skewed than Gz

(iii) Gl and 62 are equally skewed (iv) none of these

l2. (a) Answer any Iw'o of the following:

CO Draw a pie chart to represent £he following data of ex pendi lure ofa family:

5x2

Item Food I Rent Clothing Education .1 Fuel & Electricity Others
Expenditure 300 200 150 125 75 100
On f) (jj) Find the standard deviation from the following distribution:

Height (in inches) 59·61 61-63 63-65

65-67

67-69

No. of students

4

30

45

15

6

(Hi) Prove [hat tile standard deviation of two values XI and x2 of a variable x is half of their difference. (b) Write shan note 011 anyone of the following:

(1) Histogram and its uses;

(ii) Kurtosis.

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CERTIFICATE IN ACCOUNTING TECHNICIANS FOUNDATION COURSE (ENTRY LEVEL)-PART I EXAl\UNATJON

December 2010

CAT-4(BMS) (Hindi) ~;IOO

~ ~ rrIfW;r Cfft ~ ~ ~ ~I "B"'4tm~~~

In case of 'my discrepancy. examinees are advised to follow the Ellglish Version.

l306 I (34414IfOl(1-1O ~) ~am:~~*~31~%

1. fictF~lr{§Jt1 if It ~ <U >Wit c:m .'d'ij\ ~ I 6Rrn CfiRUIf1TlTi1l 00 ~ ~ ~ :

(a) ~ P = ~ Q ~ Q = 2 ~ R m. cfr P : R ~

(j) I; 2

(ii) 2: 1

(iii) 4: 5

(b) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 20 ~omo 1!fu 'EfU2J Chl 3i'l-ml"'i:lWr if 40 f9;lolfto ~ ~ "Q_Cj arrWr 60 fcI:I<.'z:ITo ctr ~ 30 frFo~o ~ 3fu:m ~ if ~ ~ ~ I err ¥f 100 FFi"omo CfiT <rr;u if ~ affi:ru "'G1C4 %" :

(i) 2S fq;omo;qo (i.i) 20 fcf;o-qro~o (iii) 30 'f%o"tftpMo (iv) ~ -R ~ 1W

(e) ~ f-imif 5% ~"ffii:ffiUl ~ ~ ~ 'U 5000 <io q:;r firtllq.;; 6000 ~o m

(i) 2~ (ii) 5Cfff (iii) 4crei (tv) ~-Hcffit-;:@

., f.ll=1k-If@d if ~ ~ "Q;<n'SW-PfiT "gU{ ~ I 4 'I

(a) ~ OtqiHllzfl 1200 ~o ~ 2500 <io "5Jfu ~ cnffi ~ WfiR ;:ijt ~ ~ ~ ~ fi:rc;mn '[ ~ fl:IT~ "'Wl Ofil 1800 ~D 1lfn~ ~ ~ ~ ffi 1;ff ~ 20% FfT\1 mm t I ~ ~ q,1 ~ 'tfi1 3~ ~ <fi"U I

(b) 2 ~ if ~fiiR1 ~ urn 5400 (:0 m I m ~ 40/; ~-~ ~ ~ cffi ~ t4{'q fjrrr?

~. n (~;jlllfOl(I-15~)

3. f.1f=ifflf€td if ~ ~ cifr m q;r ~ ~ I Jx3

311C1!(~<tI CfiRUifTfURf ~ ~ ~ ~ :

(a) <ALGEBRA" ~ * 31~ qir fcna';T WliRlt ~ M \Ifj Wffi'fT t mit ~ A' ~ '1 m:

(0 1600 (li) 1800 (iii) 2QOO (i v) ~ ~ ~ ~

(b) l1Rl P I~-a:mr "%"' (It is hot) ~ <i1 j'~~ t' (It is dry) em ~ ~ ~cft 1~'3"m ~ t1Q!:t ~ ~ -.:rm t' ~ cF:r :Q~R14'1.'\im lr ~ ~ 'funm ~ ~ ~:

(i) - p v q (ii) - p A - q (iii) - p v q (iv) P v q

(e) (O·5)~11 ~:(I'k1q ~ v:ci ~~ ~~~ ~ ctT tilmr'§" (f{lrr~ log'l,2 = O' Ol(3):

(i) 8 (ii) 7 (iii) 5 (iv) ~ il ~ 1tl

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(d) t:ffG A:: (1,3, 5},B = [t, 3, 6), u = p, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6}~, m f4~'iii4~ (A -8) (l BC ~-g

(1) {I} (ii) IS} (iii) [1,5) (i.v) ~~~~

..,..P.;. • ~ ~I L t ~

(e) 9110. X".::I = zr ~;cyz = 1 1(>1, (II ..:. + -b + - Cf.T11FJ ~-

a c

(i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii) 0 (iv) .!.

5

4. H~f~lf@ct if ~ ~ m ~ <fiT ~ ~ I 3x2

(a) ~~ 'qCR ~$iFf ~ ~ ~ a:Rr fim ~ ~ a:m m m~ (boarders)q;J m-r ifim~ ~ t, ~ qi1 ~ 20 ~ "Ii{ -m ozffi;;" 70 l<\o ~ 40 ~ m -q-{ 1ffil 01:fft:6" 60 ~o ~ mm tim -aMii cf.I ~ 50 ~ -rr: 1lfu Ci!:lftD O!:flf f.f;wu WTT?

(b) qft:: ~ (unity) q;J c:tM·qHCfi ~. ~ t;V m. "ffi

(l - w) (1 - w2) (l - w~) (1 - wK) <fiT 1ITi1 ~ Cflill

(c) x:52y-l ~(x . .y) ~ij~~1

lSf1J611I (~-15 ~)

5. f1 k1R1f{sd if ~ ~ cfr.nr~ q;r -a~fnmtr~ I 31< '\

6i leH'4Cli) "€fiRUTf1TlIRT • ~ ~ ~ :

(a) ~~~~, ~o~~~~ 121fto,4-.;fio ~3,:ft(>%lm~it~1l ~~~~ -mIT \jfj ~ ~?

(0 15 -.:fio (ii) 13 t:ITo (iii) 12 mo (iv) ~ ~ ~ m

(b) ~ ~4cNol MfriiiU§;·~ em (fitIf 41lo'1:llo t, "ffi ~ <fiT ~ t

(1) 12qrf ~olfto (ii) 8 qrf ~o'tfto (iii) 4 qq :il'olfto (iv) ~"it ~ ~

(c) ~~CliT O!:fm' 6~o~o~, m ~ 314:n~<fI t--~ (ffi ifiI ~~:

. (i) 27 epf -B'o"Jfto (ii) 277&"Cfii l'folfl'o . (tii) 18n: -wi :#romo (iv) ~:B ~ -.:rID

Cd) ~~ fw.:nPfiT 3lJtlR ~~ t~ ~ J4lromo, 21 ~olfto, w:i 21 -Bomo t, ~ fWn:r <it ~ lO-./2:BoTJ1o~, m"fWJq ~ ~%~

(i) 1200 cc (ij) .1134 cc (iii) 1000 cc (iv) ~ 1l ~ -=r@

(e) ~~ 1tll6f1H~"t:3T!m\qif~ 6~omo ~.~ 4iJo'tfro t: -m·~*~CfiT ~.%:

(1) lOnenl l'toTfto (ii) 2511: erf "B'olfl'o (iii) ] 5rc Cflf ~ol;fto (iv) ~ ~ ~ ~

6. f.l':<1fC"lR9d :it ~ ~ -e): mil 'tiT ~ ~ I 3x2

(a) <m: ~ ~ Clif ~ 77 <:f'f"#Jo"lfto t m ~ Cfit qfhtlitll ~ ~ I (n ::: ;2)

(b) ~~ F4J;lfli6 <tt ~ 8 ~o1ftot ~"lffi 'Q,Cfi ~ 3l'f1:fR 'tR ~ 't~ ~aif cfiT ("1'4I~lIi 3 tlo"lflo, 4 itolfto ~ 5~omo t-I f4{1fit:S?fiJ 3W«R~CfiUI

(c) ~·~~l1lifiR 'qff'1 iI:i 3lT'ClR Cfif "ClITf! 3·5 -€tomo ~.~ 18 ~oo:ftot I ~ ~ 1{Ci ~ OFT ~ ~ tfil

.... 22

~~ CIiU 1(11;"7)

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CA T -4( fU."[S)

~ [V (f1~lii:h ~10 ~)

70 FIl"1ft.If{9(1 iT ~ ~ ~ w-n ctiT om ~ I 3OIlq~1Iq; ~flTURl ~ ~ ~ ~ ;

(a) 7.ffu: (x. 0) ~ (-1! 3)"Q:Ci (6. 4) ~ ~ ~ ~ 1R m. x CfiT l=fA %:

(i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii) 4

(b) om- ~ ~am:I ~~ ~ (0. 1) w:t (1. 0) m, ~ Cftf q:;y "fI1OI1Cfl{O[ %:

(i) X2+"l-_X_Y=O (ii) x"+~l-2x-2y=O (iii) r+y2-Z-r-2y+ 1=0 (iv) ~~~:nff

(c) or + 8}l - 6x + 1 = a CWf'f'ijiJ' fir-:s -q~ t:

(i) (0, -2) (ii) (-1.3) (iii) (3. -1) (iv) ~ ~ ~ ~

3x2

(i) i

(d) ~ xl + 4; - 2x + 8y + 1 == 0 <itd#,T5;ctl (eccentricity) l":

(") ~'3 II T

("OJ" ..J3

IIJ "4

8, HAfr:i1f~cti'itf~~7.fiT~~1 4xl

(a) ~q;Ufcn~ ~ .r+l + 2x-6y+5 = O~or-+ l + 10.:\'-2),-1-21 = O~~ qi)~"fI rnf ~t I

(b) WfI~H<ri{&I CfiT *,,,,ll:fl{ol ~ q::;U lift m ftwlhilaU 2X' + y == 4 ~ x - y + I. == 0 ih ~ ~ ·Tt ~ .~ ~ 6.l 7y + 8 == 0 fI(~11{511 T{{ FTIif t I

~ V (Cfiffi-10 atcn)

9. f.n::1Wrfuro if 77t ~.1fR m CfiT ~ ~ I -aRffi -q;ilU{('rllRT • ~ om ~ :

(a) ~ I(x) = I ~l mJ me"" 0 *fuil- I f(c) -.f(-c)j1Wn:

(i) 1

(li) 2

(0) .tl~lo l-r CflT1lRt:

(i) ~ (ii) ~

(c) ~ ;\,=41 -t', y= f+ 3, t -m Z at t = 1 t-:

(i) 0 (U) - 1

(d) r d~ ;m 1:WJ t':

, o../ .. +l-ir

4V2

(i) J (it) 3{2

(e) "'lJft::f(x. y) = 2t-l - Ilx2y + 3yl m, m ~~Jf+ YiJ~ t:

(n 2:f (x, y) (ii) 3f(x. y)

Jx3

(iii) 0

(ill) 0

(iii) 2

C."') 2>i2 IU "'3

(ill) 4j(x,y)

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10. l1C:1lt"lf&ct it -fr ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~!

(a) ~y=Ae"" + Be "u1?1, m ~~·%Y2-m2y = 0

(b) ~ GT ~ (Values) 'qjf 4'lllCf1{"1 %, (fr ~ i!0Iq;~1 'qif an'l::fCfi(l1l1iR ~ cnU I

(c) 'ffu:/'(x) = e ..... +e'" 't;cij(o) = { m, ~ J(x) Wd q,{r I

e' + e" ...

~ VI (Bif~Chl ~35 alq)

11. RS4felr@d if il ~ -ma ~ q;y ~ ~ I ~ 'CfiR"O'TflTURT .:mft '3\i1 ~ :

(a) ~ x"ij2fl ,"it ~ x = 2y + 5%~ x~~ 25~, fit y~mUfflil %

(i) 20 (ii) 10 (iii) 12·5

(b) I 0 f.:rft~ q:;y ~ 1q'(l'Zl8% I 'life: -ytp:{~:frrft~ <liT ~ 'tfT~ 4 ID~ or ~ "i1R f.:Tft&JLlfl <fiT 1Jufrm ~ W-

(i) 16--.'2 (ii) 8.../2 (iii) 16 (iv) m"fl ~ ~

(c) ~ 5 f.Rt~ Cfif t:{I(,ljep lfIUf ~ t ~ ~ 5 l'iUflfiJTI q;jl tHI(lI6f1'qJUj ~ %. m ~ 10 f.Rteroif C@ '(\{[(iOfiifi ~!:Zj ~-

(i) 1 (li) i; (iii) ~~I (iv) .~ -it,~ ,-if

(d) ~ 100 Frtl~ if tr 25 Fm~ CfiPWI I ~ ~ ~ f.rfr8JClii W 11FT 0 t J m 100 f.Rtaroii ~ Wff1l fq'rkl1 t-

(i) ~ (ii) ~ (iil) i (i1/) ~ -R ~ ~

(c) ~ 4 ~'qfuJ: ~~ 3lfcnui'f if1 Fej~d1 Cfif 41 'I "6C"1 30 ~~ 3 ~1:!fut: 40~. err &=I ~ ~"GT~ t-

(i) 7 (ii) 10 (iii) 11 (iv) ~ ~ m~

(f) 1:T~. 5 ~ ~ ~31T CfiT 1Rf{IJf. t"-

(i) 3 (ii) 2

(iii) I

(g) llfU1i'fil *1Wt&r ~~ 5 ~ ~ ~a:it q;j ltlUf fqilel'1 ~-

(i) 0 Oi) 1·7 (iii) 1·2

h) ~ (variable) x % n ~l1R ~ 't{lU1~ JRro1I~; o'Q;Cf cr1 t I <1ft:: fcF:RuI y =).-Z m, . en! lil~ %-

(i) IT (ii) Ol (iii) ) (iv) ~ ~ ~ 11ft

5 5

(i) ~ (varia.ble):c~ 51lA ~ Writ i~lxl = 25 ~ j;! (Xi - 5)2 = 30.01 xCfil1fffiU1·t:

(i) 2 (ii) 4 (iii) 6 eiv) ~"if ~ ~

(j) ttR ~ G1 ~ 3iQ;llfolffiQ lfIUJ = 20, ~ ~ 251 ~ f.5fiilifH = 10 ~ ~ G2. Cfili ~GfiltfOldl;q 111~ = 18, -qf~ = 18, W1flI1 M'iiiC"11 = 9 m, 'ffi

(i) G! ~ G1 Qff~fcfrrq % (ii) G2 11 G, C1i1l fcftrq t (iii) G. 3i'h: G2 -q 'W1R ~ t- (iv) ~ ~ ~ ~

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u. (a) F-tYI(;"!f@(1if -H ~ ~ ~ CfiT om: ~ I

l i) fi kj F~lr(gd ~ ~ ~ 'tlftql\ <)j- ~ cfit ~ ~ mfr ~. fq-;{ q)T ~ CFiU· I

5x2

"l1<! : ~ ~ ~r Wt$T f'tR~~ ~
c:cr:r : 300 200 150 125 75 101]
em if)
(ii) f1 clf(1 f€11;1 fcrcRur tr 3PW:r Icri:ll:'l"1 ~ CfiU I

~ ("$~~) 59-6J 61-63 63-65 65-67 (,7 -(,\)
fcrnTf$it Cl11 ~ 4 30 45 15 6 (Hi) ~ cpU fCfi~ (variable) x ~ ~ 1WI XI TJ;Cf x2 Cfi111TfTl1. rC!T~C""11 ~ 3RT{ CfiT 31li--TJ mm %, (b) HCllt"lf@(1 -?itt' ~. ~ 'R m~ R.uluft Wr&ll

(i) 3W{fcr ~ ~ (Histogram) ~ ~ ~ Cij) 1J~ (Kurtosis)

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