Organic and inorganic

pollutants in water

Batch No 11
Members:
2 Vignesh. R.M
2 Anand .R

2 Irfan khan. A

2 Mahendran.
P
2 Prabhu. V
 °istribution of Water Reservoirs
Oceans
Ice Caps and Glaciers 97%
1.725%

Atmosphere
˜



 
  


 

  
 
 



 


 


 




  



 








   














0.01%

Rivers, Lakes,
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 and Inland Seas
Soil Moisture 0.141%
0.0012%

Ground Water
0.4 ² 1.7%
 Introduction

Ñ The causes of water pollution

may be due to direct and
indirect contaminant sources.
The former are effluent
outputs from refineries,
factories, and waste
treatment plants.

Ñ Classification
2 inorganic, organic,
acid/base and radioactive.
 Types of water pollution
!oint sources
Point source pollution refers
to contaminants that enter a
waterway through a
discrete conveyance, such
as a pipe or ditch.
 Types of water pollution
aon²point sources
Non²point source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse
contamination that does not originate from a single
discrete source. NPS pollution is often the cumulative
effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered
from a large area.
 a a
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 Organic water pollutants are:

Ñ rood processing waste, including pathogens

Ñ Insecticides and herbicides, a huge range of
organohalide and other chemicals
Ñ Tree and brush debris from logging operations
Ñ Bacteria from sewage or livestock operations
Ñ Petroleum hydrocarbons like diesel, gasoline, jet
fuels, fuel oils, motor oils
Ñ Volatile organic compounds like industrial solvents
 Inorganic water pollutants are:

Ñ pre-production industrial raw resin pellets

Ñ heavy metals including acid mine drainage
Ñ chemical waste as industrial by-products
Ñ acidity due to industrial discharges like sulphur
dioxide
Ñ silt in surface runoff due to logging, slash and burn
practices, construction sites or land clearing sites
Ñ fertilizers in runoff from agriculture including
nitrates and phosphates
 Causes

Industrial causes vary as per

the biochemical demand,
suspended solids,
inorganic and organic
substances

Agricultural causes include

commercial livestock and
poultry farming. These
lead to organic and
inorganic pollutants in
surface waters and
groundwater.
 Other agents
Ñ The combustion of coal leads to the release of mercury in the
atmosphere. This enters the rivers, lakes and groundwater. This is
very hazardous for pregnant women and infants.
Ñ Cattle and pig rearing causes a significant amount of nutrient-filled
waste. Virulent pfiesteria toxin collects in the water masses.
Ñ rertilizers having a large quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus
cause a high biological oxygen demand in the water. As oxygen is
depleted, only anaerobic life-forms prosper.
Ñ Human settlement along the banks of rivers causes human, animal
and industrial waste to be discharged into it. In the developed
world, sewage treatment plants are used to treat waste. However,
in developing nations, the rivers are similar to open sewers.
 Control
Domestic sewage
°omestic sewage is 99.9% pure water, the other 0.1%
are pollutants. While found in low concentrations, these
pollutants pose risk on a large scale . In urban areas,
domestic sewage is typically treated by centralized
sewage treatment plants.
Well-designed and operated systems (i.e., secondary
treatment or better) can remove 90 percent or more of
these pollutants. Some plants have additional sub-
systems to treat nutrients and pathogens. Most municipal
plants are not designed to treat toxic pollutants found in
industrial wastewater.
 Control

Cities with sanitary sewer overflows or

combined sewer overflows employ
one or more engineering approaches
to reduce discharges of untreated
sewage, including:

2 utilizing a green infrastructure

approach
2 repair and replacement of leaking
and malfunctioning equipment
2 increasing overall hydraulic capacity
of the sewage collection system
 Industrial wastewater

Ñ Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic

sewage that can be treated by municipal facilities.

Ñ Some Industries generate wastewater with high

concentrations of conventional pollutants (e.g. oil and
grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile
organic compounds) or other nonconventional pollutants
such as ammonia, need specialized treatment systems.
these facilities can install a pre-
treatment system to remove the
toxic components, and then send
the partially treated
wastewater to the municipal
system.

Industries generating large

volumes of wastewater typically
operate their own complete on-
site treatment systems.
 Water pollution control methods in
Industries
Heated water generated by power
plants or manufacturing plants
may be controlled with:
Ñ cooling ponds, man-made bodies of water
designed for cooling by evaporation,
convection, and radiation
Ñ cooling towers, which transfer waste heat
to the atmosphere through evaporation
and/or heat transfer
Ñ cogeneration, a process where waste heat
is recycled for domestic and/or industrial
heating purposes.
 Agricultural wastewater
Ñ The phosphorus and
nitrogen load caused
by field cultivation is
one of the most
significant
environmental
problems deriving
from agriculture.
 Water pollution control methods in
agriculture
Ñ Water pollution control methods used in agriculture are listed below:
Ñ reducing the use of fertilisers
Ñ lighter tillage practices
Ñ green fallowing
Ñ reducing the use of pesticides
Ñ subsoil drainage
Ñ controlled drainage
Ñ lime filter drainage
Ñ buffer zones and strips
Ñ sedimentation basins
Ñ wetland areas
 Water pollution control methods in
forestry

Ñ rorestry activities,
such as drainage,
felling, soil cultivation
and fertilisation,
cause suspended-
solid and nutrient
loading of water
systems.
 Water pollution control methods in
forestry
Ñ Water pollution control methods used in forestry include the following:
Ñ drainage
Ñ digging breaks and dredging breaks
Ñ temporary weirs
Ñ submerged weirs
Ñ lighter soil cultivation
Ñ reducing fertilisation
Ñ avoiding the use of pesticides
Ñ sludge sumps and sludge pockets
Ñ buffer zones
Ñ sedimentation basins
Ñ overland flow areas (wetland areas)
CONCLUSION