WASTEWATER TREATMENT

FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE

USING
BIOLOGICAL METHOD

 Khalidatul Munawwarah Binti Khalid

 Noorain Bte Zulkapli
 Adam Bin Kamarulail
 Noorshafadzillah Bte Kasbola
Process description
Population Equivalent (PE)
Calculation
 Process Flow Diagram
Influent Inlet wet stamp Inlet pump
Screen chamber

Grit Chamber

Anoxic zone

Return activated sludge

Aeration Tank

Clarifier
Sludge holding tank
Effluent
Desludge to sand drying
beds
 List of equipment
• Screen chamber
• Raw sewage lift pump station
• Valve plinth
• Secondary fine screen
• Grit and grease removal chamber
• Aeration tank
• Secondary clarifier
• Sludge holding tank
• Flow measurement chamber
• Chlorination chamber
The Role Play of Microorganisms
in Wastewater Treatment
• Microorganisms form a very important part of
the ecosystem. The diversity of microbial life
found in the environment is quite amazing.

• Microbes are looked upon as decomposers of

a variety of wastes. The ability to decompose
is mainly dependent on the nature of the
waste.
• The best way to approach microbial biodegradation is
to use a mixture of bacterial species and strains due to
the presence of different pollutant types at polluted
sites.

• Wastewater treatment processes, too, use microbes

for treatment.

• Microbes involved in nitrifying processes, anaerobic

ammonia oxidation processes and methane
fermenting processes are studies carefully for this
purpose.
 Biological Purification
• The microbes bring about the following
changes:
 Coagulation and flocculation of colloids and
pseudocolloids
 Oxidation of carbonaceous matter to CO
 Nitrification i.e. oxidation of NH3 (derived
from breakdown of nitrogenous organic
matter to nitrite and then to nitrate)
 Trickling/Percolation filters
• These are manufactured beds of crushed stone
used to percolate the waste water.

• They consist of circular or rectangular beds,

about 1.8m deep of well-graded media.

• The filters bring the wastewater into contact with

air and with the biological slime on the filter.

• The slime contains bacteria mainly zoogloea,

fungi, protozoa, especially ciliates and other
living organisms.
 Activated sludge processes
• Process consists of aeration of a mixture of
settled sewage with a special bacteriologically
active sludge. The active sludge acts as a purifier.

• After settlement, the purified sewage is removed

and some of the sludge is recirculated to assist
the oxidation of a further quantity of sewage.

• As the process is repeated several times, the

sludge becomes more active leading to the
formation of a highly activated sludge, which can
purify sewage in a few hours.
 Two main function of sludge:
• It clarifies the water by absorbing most of the colloidal
suspended solids and surface of the sludge particles.

• It oxidizes the organic material

• Oxidative degeneration is accomplished mostly by

chemoheterotrophic bacteria and ciliated protozoa.
Effective degradation is caused by genera like
pseudomonas, zoogloea, flavorbacterium, alcallgenes
etc.

• The slime forming bacteria grow and form flocs. These

flocs constitute activated sludge.
• They are composed of several kinds of
bacteria mainly zoogloea ramigera, a small
gram-negative rod that forms an extensive
extracellular slime.

• This organism forms complex finger-like

families that provide the basis of the floc. The
other bacteria, protozoa etc attach to the floc
and build up a complex active particle.
 Sewage treatment methods
physical unit chemical unit biological unit
operations processes processes.
Use the application the removal or remove pollutants
of physical forces to conversion of by biological activity.
treat sewage pollutants by the microorganisms
 These include addition of chemicals such as bacteria are
screening, mixing, or by chemical used to biochemically
flocculation, reactions decompose the
sedimentation, include wastewater and
filtration and precipitation, stabilize the end
flotation. adsorption and product
disinfection.
Objectives
 Biological treatment
 Sewage is exposed to living organism that
remove dissolved and non-settleable organic
material remaining in the sewage.

Reason:
 Long term whole life economics
 Ease of operation and maintenance
 Consistent effluent standard and standardization
 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
PROCESS
1) Conventional activated sludge system
2) Extended aeration activated sludge system
3) Rotating biological contractor system
4) Trickling filter system
5) Combination
 CLASIFICATION OF
TREATMENT PLANT SYSTEM
TYPE

• Fixed Film Growth System

• Suspended Growth System

• Combined Process System

Fixed Film Growth System Suspended Growth System Combined Process System

 population excite  microorganism remain in  fixed film growth +

microorganism is develop suspension in the sewage suspended growth to
by passing organic sewage obtain best performance
over a mobile or immobile  type system: and most economical
solid covered in a biomass conventional activated treatment of sewage
system
 popular use because:  extended aeration system  reason combine:
 stability  aerated lagoon system  stability
 design simple  oxidation ditch  increase quality effluent of
suspended growth system
 type system:
 trickling filter  type system:
 biofiltration  trickling filter
 rotating biological  rotating biological
contractor contractor
 submerge biological  biofilter
contractor
 fluid bed system
 packed bed system
MASS BALANCE