NANO

TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED
BY
Neeraj Rawat

CO-ORDINATOR- Mr.
Tarun
GUIDE – Ms. Radhika
prabhakar
What is Nanotechnology?
 Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional
systems at the molecular scale.

The Meaning of Nanotechnology

As nanotechnology became an accepted concept, the
meaning of the word shifted to encompass the simpler kinds
of nanometer-scale technology, their definition includes
anything smaller than 100 nanometers with novel
properties.
General-Purpose Technology
Nanotechnology is sometimes referred to as a general-purpose
technology. That's because in its advanced form it will have
significant impact on almost all industries and all areas of society.

Exponential Proliferation
Nanotechnology not only will allow making many high-quality
products at very low cost, but it will allow making new nanofactories
at the same low cost and at the same rapid speed. This unique
(outside of biology, that is) ability to reproduce its own means of
production is why nanotech is said to be an exponential technology.
Nanomaterials
The nanomaterials field includes
subfields which develop or study
materials having unique
properties arising from their
nanoscale dimensions.

Nanoscale materials are
sometimes used in solar cells
which combats the cost of
traditional Silicon solar cells Sarfus image of a DNA biochip
elaborated by bottom-up approach
Today's Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a term that has grown to cover a broad

collection of mostly disconnected fields. Essentially, anything
sufficiently small and interesting can be called
nanotechnology. Much of it is harmless. 

Some nanoparticles have raised concerns about human

toxicity or environmental damage. Nanoscale particles
may be more chemically active and mobile than larger
versions, and may be more persistent in the environment
than many molecules
Center for Responsible Nanotechnology

Three are following fundamentals of nano

technology
Assembler: A nano-robotic device controlled by an onboard computer
that can use available chemicals to manufacture nanoscale products. It
has been proposed that advanced designs could communicate,
cooperate, and maneuver to build macroscale products. Assemblers are
much more complex, and probably less efficient, than fabricators.

Autoproductivity: The ability of a system, under external control, to

automatically produce an identical copy of itself.

Convergent assembly: A process of fastening small parts to obtain

larger parts, then fastening those to make still larger parts, and so on;
convergent assembly can be used to build a product from many, much
smaller, components.
Diamondoid: Structures that resemble diamond in a broad sense,
strong stiff structures containing dense, three dimensional networks of
covalent bonds; diamondoid materials could be as much as 100 to 250
times as strong as titanium, and far lighter.

Fabricator: A small nano-robotic device that can use supplied

chemicals to manufacture nanoscale products under external control.
Fabricators could work together to build macroscale products
by convergent assembly.

Grey goo: The name given to free-range self-replicating miniature

machines that could, in theory, run out of control and cause severe
damage to the biosphere.

LMNT: An abbreviation for limited molecular nanotechnology; a

narrowly specified type of MNT, using only diamondoid reactions; much
easier to achieve than general MNT, but with nearly equivalent appeal
and impact. 
MNT: An abbreviation for molecular nanotechnology; refers to the
concept of building complicated machines out of precisely designed
molecules. To avoid confusion between this and today's nanoscale
technologies, CRN generally favors the term 'molecular manufacturing’.

Macroscale: Larger than nanoscale; often implies a design that humans

can directly interact with; too large to be built by a single assembler (one
cubic micron of diamond contains 176 billion atoms).

Mechanochemistry: Chemistry accomplished by mechanical systems

directly controlling the reactant molecules; the formation or breaking of
chemical bonds under direct mechanical control.  [See How does
'mechanochemistry' work?]

Micron: One millionth of a meter, or about 1/25,000 of an inch.

Millimeter: One thousandth of a meter, or about 1/26 of an inch.

Molecular manufacturing (MM): The building of
complex structures by mechanochemical processes.

Molecular nanotechnology (MNT): The ability to

construct shapes, devices, and machines with atomic
precision, and to combine them into a wide range of
products inexpensively.

Nanofactory: A self-contained macroscale manufacturing
system, consisting of many molecular
manufacturing systems feeding a convergent
assembly system.

Nanomechanical: Being mechanical and very small; for

example, a robot that can manipulate single molecules.
Nanometer: One billionth of a meter; approximately the
length of three to six atoms placed side-by-side, or the width
of a single strand of DNA; the thickness of a human hair is
between 50,000 and 100,000 nanometers.

Nanoscale: Significantly smaller than a micron; on the

scale of large molecules; capable of interacting with
molecules; capable of being built by a single assembler.

SNT: An abbreviation for structural nanotechnology; refers

to integration of nanotech features into non-MNT products,
also called nanomaterials.
Application area of nanotechnology

• nano medicines
• nano technology for cleaning water
• nano technology for electronic gadgets
• nano technology for cancer
• nano technology for coating
• nano technology for aerospace
• nano technology for energy
• nano technology for telecommunication and
networking

the list is end less

THANK YOU