Description

From the Time of the Greeks to the Present Day

BY ARABELLA B. BUCKLEY
Fourth Edition
1888

Contents

PART I.
SCIENCE OF THE GREEKS,

CHAPTER I. 639 TO 470 B.C.
Ignorance of the Greeks concerning Nature Ionian School of Learning Thales discovers the Solstices and Equinoxes, and knows that the Moon Reflects the Light of the Sun Anaximander invents a Sundial -Discovers the Phases of the Moon - Makes a Map of the Ancient World Pythagoras teaches that the Earth moves, and that the Morning and Evening Star
are the same He studies Geology, and knows that Land has in some places become Sea True sayings of Pythagoras and his Followers about Geology Invention of the Monochord

CHAPTER II. 499 TO 322 B.C.
Anaxagoras studies the Moon Describes Eclipses of the Sun and Moon Is Tried and Condemned for Denying that the Sun is a God Hippocrates the Father of Medicine Separates the office of Priest and Doctor Studies the Human Body
Eudoxus has an Observatory Makes a Map of the Stars Explains the Movements of the Planets Democritus studies the Milky Way Aristotle an Astronomer and Zoologist Divides Animals into Classes Teaches that there is a Gradual Succession of Animal Life Studies the Difference of the Life in Plants and Animals Theuphiastus the first Botanist

CHAPTER III. 320 TO 212 B.C.
School of Science at Alexandria The Ecliptic and the Zodiac Greeks believed that the Sun moved round the Earth Aristarchus knew that it was the Earth which moved He also knew of the Obliquity of the Ecliptic, and that the Seasons are caused by it He knew that the Earth turns daily on its Axis Euclid discovers that Light travels in straight lines Archimedes discovers the Lever Principle of the Lever Hiero's Crown, and how Archimedes discovered the principle of Specific Gravity Screw of Archimedes

CHAPTER IV. 280 TO 120 B.C.
Erasistratus and Herophilus study the Human Body Eratosthenes the Geographer lays down the First Parallel of Latitude and the First Meridian of Longitude He measures the circumference of the Earth Hipparchus writes on Astronomy Catalogues 1080 Stars Calculates when Eclipses will take place Discovers the Precession of the Equinoxes

CHAPTER V. FROM A.D. 70 TO 2OO.
Ptolemy founds the Ptolemaic System He writes on Geography Strabo, a great traveller, writes on Geography Studies
Earthquakes and Volcanoes Pliny the Naturalist Galen the greatest Physician of Antiquity Describes the two Sets of
Nerves Proves that Arteries contain Blood Lays down a theory of Medicine Greece and her Colonies conquered by Rome Decay of Science in Greece Concluding remarks on Greek Science

PART II. SCIENCE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.

CHAPTER VI. SCIENCE OF THE ARABS.
Dark Ages of Europe The Arabs, checked in their conquests by Charles Martel, settle down to Science The Nestorians and Jews translate Greek Works on Science Universities of the Arabs Chemistry first studied by the Arabs Alchemy, or the attempt to make Gold Hermes the first Alchemist Hermetically-sealed Tubes Gases and Vapours called 'Spirits' by the Arabs

CHAPTER VII. SCIENCE OF THE ARABS (CONTINUED).
Geber, or Djafer, the founder of Chemistry His Explanation of Distillation Of Sublimation Discovers that some Metals increase in weight when heated Discovers strong Acids Nitric
Acid Sulphuric Acid Discoveiy of Sal-Ammoniac by the Arabs Arabs mix up Astronomy with Astrology Albategnius calculates the Length of the Year Mohammed Ben Musa, first writer on Algebra Uses the Indian Numerals
Gerbert introduces them into Europe Alhazen's discoveries in Optics His Explanation why only one image of each object reaches the Brain His discovery of Refraction, and of its effect on the light of the Sun, Moon, and Stars His discovery of the magnifying power of rounded glasses

CHAPTER VIII. SCIENCE OF THE MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE.
Roger Bacon His 'Opus Majus' His Explanation of the Rainbow He makes Gunpowder Studies Gases Proves a Candle
will not burn without Air H