MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007

Calculus of One Variable I Version B

Multiple Choice. There are 15 multiple choice questions. Each question is worth 3 or 4
points and has one correct answer. The multiple choice problems will count 54% of the
total grade. Use a number 2 pencil and bubble in the letter of your response on the
scantron sheet for problems 1-15. Please also circle your choice on your exam. Only the
responses recorded on your scantron sheet will be graded. You are NOT permitted to use a
calculator on any portion of this exam.

1. 2x +1
(4 pts.) Find lim .
x →∞ 10 x − 7
−1 1
a) 0 b) ∞ c) d)
7 5
2x + 1 2+ 1
2x +1 x x = lim x = 2+0 = 1
lim = lim
x →∞ 10 x
x →∞ 10 x − 7
−7 x →∞
10 − 7 10 − 0 5
x x x
2. 3 π 
(4 pts.) If sin x = , x in  , π  , then the values of cos x and tan x are
5 2 
4 3 −4 −3
a) cos x = , tan x = b) cos x = , tan x =
5 4 5 4
−3 −4 −4 −4
c) cos x = , tan x = d) cos x = , tan x =
4 5 5 3
3 π 
sin x = , x in  , π  ⇒ cos x < 0, tan x < 0 5
5 2  4
adj −4 sin x −3 x
cos x = = , tan x = = 3
hyp 5 cos x 4
3. 1
(4 pts.) Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the expression ln ( 4t10 ) − ln 2 .
2

a) ln 2 ( t 5 − 1) b) ln ( t10 ) c) ln ( t 5 ) d) ln ( 2t 5 )

1  2t 5 
ln ( 4t10 ) − ln 2 = ln 4t10 − ln 2 = ln ( 2t 5 ) − ln 2 = ln   = ln ( t )
5

2  2 

4. Find the exact value of the expression sin −1 (1) .

(3 pts.)

π π 2
a) b) c) 0 d)
2 4 π
π 
sin   = 1
2
MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007
Calculus of One Variable I Version B

5. Use the graph to find a δ > 0 such that for all x, 0 < x − x0 < δ ⇒ f ( x) − L < ε .
(3 pts.)

f ( x) = 4 x − 3
x0 = 2
L=5
ε = 0.2

δ = min { 2.05 − 2 , 1.95 − 2 }

= min {0.05, 0.05} = 0.05

a) 0.05 b) 3 c) 0.5 d) 0.4

6. 4
(4 pts.) Find lim− .
x →1 x −1
2

a) 0 b) ∞ c) −∞ d) 1
4 4 4
lim− = −∞ Scratch: = undefined
x →1 x −1
2
1 −1 0
2

7. x 2 − 2 x − 15
(3 pts.) Find lim .
x →5 x+3
a) 0 b) −8 c) does not exist d) 5

x 2 − 2 x − 15 52 − 2(5) − 15 0
lim = = =0
x →5 x+3 5+3 8

8. Find the average rate of change of g (t ) = −3t 2 − t over the interval [1,3] .
(4 pts.)

a) −18 b) −13 c) −26 d) 26

The average rate of change is

∆g g (3) − g (1) −3(3) 2 − 3 − [−3(1) 2 − 1] −30 − (−4) −26
= = = = = −13 .
∆t 3 −1 2 2 2

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MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007
Calculus of One Variable I Version B

9. Find all points where the function fails to be continuous.

(3 pts.) y

There is only one discontinuity.

There is an infinite
x
discontinuity at x = 3.

1 1
a) None b) x = , x = 3 c) x = 3 d) x =
2 2

10. Solve for k in the equation: e k

= x8 .
(4 pts.)

b) k = 64 ( ln x ) d) k = ln ( x16 )
2
a) k = 8ln x c) k = x16

e k
= x8
ln e( ) = ln ( x )
k 8

k = 8ln x
k = ( 8ln x ) = 64(ln x) 2
2

11. 815 ⋅ 3−3

(4 pts.) Use the laws of exponents to simplify .
95

a) 37 b) 35 c) 9 7 d) 1

815 ⋅ 3−3
=
( 3 ) = 320 = 320 = 320−13 = 37
4 5

33 ( 32 )
5
95 33310 313

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MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007
Calculus of One Variable I Version B

12. If x3 ≤ f ( x) ≤ x 2 for x in [ −1,1] , find lim f ( x) , if it exists.

x →0
(3 pts.)

a) does not exist b) −1 c) 1 d) 0

We know x3 ≤ f ( x) ≤ x 2 for x in [ −1,1] . Take the limit as x Æ 0 through the inequality.

lim x 3 ≤ lim f ( x) ≤ lim x 2 ⇒ 0 ≤ lim f ( x) ≤ 0
x →0 x →0 x →0 x →0

By the Sandwich Theorem, lim f ( x) = 0.

x →0

13. 5 − 9h 2 + 11h + 5
(4 pts.) Find lim− .
h→0 h
−11 11 −11
a) b) c) d) does not exist
2 5 2 5 10

5 − 9h 2 + 11h + 5 5 − 9h 2 + 11h + 5 5 + 9h 2 + 11h + 5

lim = lim− ⋅
h → 0− h h →0 h 5 + 9h 2 + 11h + 5

( 5) −( )
2 2
9h 2 + 11h + 5 5 − ( 9h 2 + 11h + 5 ) 5 − 9h 2 − 11h − 5
= lim = lim− = lim−
h → 0−
h ( 5+ 9h + 11h + 5 )
2 h →0
h ( 5 + 9h 2 + 11h + 5 ) h→0
h ( 5 + 9h 2 + 11h + 5 )
h(−9h − 11) −9h − 11 −9(0) − 11 −11
= lim− = lim− = =
h →0
h ( 5 + 9h + 11h + 5
2
) h→0
5 + 9h + 11h + 5
2
5 + 9(0) + 11(0) + 5
2
2 5

14. sin aθ
(4 pts.) Find lim , a ≠ 0.
θ →0 2θ
2 a
a) does not exist b) c) d) 1
a 2
sin aθ 1 sin aθ 1 a sin aθ a sin aθ a
lim = lim = lim = lim =
θ →0 2θ 2 θ → 0 θ 2 θ → 0 aθ 2 θ → 0 aθ 2
As θ → 0, aθ → 0.

15. 4π
(3 pts.) Find the exact value of csc .
3
−2 2 −1
a) b) c) d) −2
3 3 2
1
s in ( 4 π / 3 ) = − 3 2 and c s c ( 4π / 3 ) = = −2 / 3
s in ( 4 π / 3 )

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MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007
Calculus of One Variable I Version B

Free Response. The Free Response questions will count 46% of the total grade. Read each
question carefully. In order to receive full credit you must show legible and logical
(relevant) work which supports your final answer. Give answers as exact answers. You are
NOT permitted to use a calculator on any portion of this exam.

1. (10 pts.) Find the following limits, if they exist, for the function, g ( x) , graphed here. If a limit
does not exist, say so.
y

g(x)
x

(Each part a – j is worth 1 point.)

undefined
a. lim− g ( x ) undefined b. lim+ g ( x ) = 2 c. lim g ( x ) OR d.n.e.
x → −4 OR d.n.e. x → −4 x → −4

d. lim g ( x ) = 0 e. lim g ( x ) = 1 f. lim g ( x ) d.n.e

x →−2− x →−2+ x →−2

g. lim g ( x ) = 1 h. lim g ( x ) = 1 i. lim g ( x ) = 1

x →1− x →1+ x →1

j. lim g ( x ) = −2
x → 4−

 ln(1 − x), x < −2

2. (8 pts.) Consider the function f ( x) =  2 .
 x + x + a, x ≥ −2

a. (3 pts.) Find lim f ( x ) .

x →−2−

lim f ( x) = lim− ( ln(1 − x ) ) = ln(1 − (−2)) = ln 3

x →−2− x →−2

b. (3 pts.) Find lim f ( x) .

x →−2+

lim+ f ( x) = lim+ ( x 2 + x + a ) = (−2) 2 − 2 + a = 2 + a

x →−1 x →−2

c. (2 pts.) For what value of a is f ( x) continuous at every x? a = ln 3 − 2

ln 3 = 2 + a → a = ln 3 − 2

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MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007
Calculus of One Variable I Version B

3. (6 pts.) Consider the function f ( x) = x − 2 .

We know that lim f ( x) = 2 . Find a value for δ > 0 , such that for all x satisfying
x →6

0 < x − 6 < δ , the inequality f ( x) − 2 < 1 holds.

y

f(x)
x

For this problem, we will accept an algebraic or a graphical solution.

Algebraic: Beginning of process
f ( x) − 2 < 1
x − 2 − 2 <1

−1 < x − 2 − 2 < 1
1< x − 2 < 3

( )
2
12 < x−2 < 32
1< x − 2 < 9
3 < x < 11
Algebraic or Graphical:
δ = min { 3 − 6 , 11 − 6 } = min {3,5} = 3
(The min function notation isn’t necessary, but calculating the distances from the
endpoints of the open interval to x0 and stating “δ = 3” are necessary steps.)

4. (8 pts.) Find the limits. Simplify your answer as much as possible.

x 2 + 6 x − 16
a. (4 pts.) lim
x →2 x2 − 4

x 2 + 6 x − 16 ( x − 2)( x + 8) x + 8 2 + 8 10 5
lim = lim = lim = = =
x→2 x −4
2 x → 2 ( x − 2)( x + 2) x→2 x + 2 2+2 4 2

cos x
b. (4 pts.) lim
x →0 4e x

cos x cos 0 1 1
lim x
= 0
= =
x → 0 4e 4e 4(1) 4

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MthSc 106 Exam 1 KEY Fall 2007
Calculus of One Variable I Version B

x3 + 1 ( x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
5. (14 pts.) The function f ( x) = factors completely to f ( x ) = .
x2 −1 ( x + 1)( x − 1)

a. (2 pts.) For what values of x is f discontinuous? ____x = 1, –1_____

b. (2 pts.) Using limits, show that f has a vertical asymptote at x = 1 .

Only one
x2 − x + 1 x2 − x + 1
lim− f ( x) = lim− = −∞ and lim+ f ( x) = lim+ =∞ limit is
x →1 x →1 x −1 x →1 x →1 x −1 necessary.

c. (4 pts.) Using limits, show that f has a removable discontinuity at x = −1 .

(We can define f ( −1) in a way that extends f ( x ) to be continuous at x = −1 . Show
how you would find this value of f ( −1) using limits.)

x2 − x + 1 3
lim f ( x) = lim = You could define f (–1) = –3/2.
x →−1 x →−1 x −1 −2

d. (2 pts.) Using limits, show that f has no horizontal asymptotes.

Both
x2 − x + 1 x2 − x + 1
lim f ( x) = lim = −∞ and lim f ( x) = lim =∞ limits are
x →−∞ x →−∞ x −1 x →∞ x →∞ x −1 necessary.

e. (2 pts.) Give the equation(s) of any oblique asymptotes on the graph of f.

(You do not need to support your answer with limits.)

x
x −1 x2 − x + 1 The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x.
x2 − x
1

f. (2 pts.) Sketch the graph of f. Label all asymptotes and the y-intercept.

y=x

(0, –1)

x=1

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